US10096729B2ActiveUtilityA1

High-performing bulk photovoltaics

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Assignee: UNIV PENNSYLVANIAPriority: Jan 24, 2014Filed: Jan 23, 2015Granted: Oct 9, 2018
Est. expiryJan 24, 2034(~7.5 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Andrew M. RappeSteve M. YoungFan Zheng
C01D 15/02H01L 31/032C01G 21/02H01L 31/068C01F 5/00C01P 2006/40H10F 10/14H10F 77/12Y02E10/547
46
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Cited by
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References
32
Claims

Abstract

The present invention provides materials with high bulk photovoltaic effect response. The present invention also provides for products comprising the high bulk photovoltaic effect materials of the present invention.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
What is claimed: 
     
       1. A composition, comprising: a polar oxide characterized as having a LiNbO 3  structure with a band gap of less than about 2.0 eV wherein (a) the polar oxide comprises one or more d 10 s 0  cations and/or (b) the band gap is in the range of from about 1.7 eV to about 1.8 eV. 
     
     
       2. The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the band gap is less than about 1.8 eV. 
     
     
       3. The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the band gap is in the range of from about 1.2 eV to about 1.8 eV. 
     
     
       4. The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the band gap is in the range of from about 1.7 eV to about 1.8 eV. 
     
     
       5. The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the polar oxide comprises one or more d 10 s 0  cations. 
     
     
       6. The composition of  claim 5 , wherein the one or more d 10 s 0  cations are electronegative metals. 
     
     
       7. The composition of  claim 5 , wherein the one or more d 10 s 0  cations comprises one or more of the following: Pb 4+ , Bi 5+ , Tl 3+ , Hg 2+ , Au 1+ , Pt 0 , Sb 5+ , Sn 4+ , In 3+ , Cd 2+ , Ag 1+ , Pd 0 , As 5+ , Ge 4+ , Ga 3+ , Zn 2+ , Cu 1+ , Ni 0 . 
     
     
       8. The composition of  claim 6 , wherein the polar oxide comprises Mg 1−x Zn x PbO 3 , wherein x is in the range of from about 0.01 to about 0.99. 
     
     
       9. The composition of  claim 7 , wherein the polar oxide comprises Mg 1/2 Zn 1/2 PbO 3 . 
     
     
       10. The composition of  claim 7 , wherein the polar oxide comprises PbNiO 3 . 
     
     
       11. The composition of  claim 5 , wherein the one or more d 10 s 0  cations comprises Bi 5+ . 
     
     
       12. The composition of  claim 7 , wherein the polar oxide comprises LiBiO 3 . 
     
     
       13. The composition of  claim 5 , wherein the composition is characterized as having a polarization of at least about 50 μC/cm 2 . 
     
     
       14. The composition of  claim 5 , wherein the composition is characterized as having a polarization of the range of from about 75 μC/cm 2  to about 100 μC/cm 2 . 
     
     
       15. The composition of  claim 5 , wherein the composition is characterized as having a Glass coefficient of greater than about 30×10 −9  cm/V. 
     
     
       16. The composition of  claim 5 , wherein the composition is characterized as having a Glass coefficient of greater than about 80×10 −9  cm/V. 
     
     
       17. The composition of  claim 5 , wherein the composition is characterized as having a Glass coefficient of greater than about 115×10 −9  cm/V. 
     
     
       18. The composition of  claim 5 , wherein the composition is characterized as having a current density response of greater than about 13×10 −4  (A/m 2 )/(W/m 2 ). 
     
     
       19. The composition of  claim 5 , wherein the composition is characterized as having a current density response of greater than about 20×10 −4  (A/m 2 )/(W/m 2 ). 
     
     
       20. The composition of  claim 5 , wherein the composition is characterized as having a current density response of greater than about 45×10 −4  (A/m 2 )/(W/m 2 ). 
     
     
       21. A photovoltaic device comprising one or more composition of  claim 1 . 
     
     
       22. A photovoltaic device comprising one or more composition of  claim 5 . 
     
     
       23. A photovoltaic device comprising one or more composition of  claim 7 . 
     
     
       24. A photovoltaic device comprising one or more composition of  claim 9 . 
     
     
       25. A photovoltaic device comprising one or more composition of  claim 10 . 
     
     
       26. A photovoltaic device comprising one or more composition of  claim 12 . 
     
     
       27. A sensor comprising one or more composition of  claim 1 . 
     
     
       28. A sensor comprising one or more composition of  claim 5 . 
     
     
       29. A sensor comprising one or more composition of  claim 7 . 
     
     
       30. A sensor comprising one or more composition of  claim 9 . 
     
     
       31. A sensor comprising one or more composition of  claim 10 . 
     
     
       32. A sensor comprising one or more composition of  claim 12 .

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