Control of a group of wind turbines

Abstract

Methods and systems for reducing an output power of a group of wind turbines are provided. A measure of life usage by at least one component of each of a plurality of the turbines is determined, and is compared to a threshold value for life usage for the component. Power output is preferentially reduced from those turbines having at least one component for which the measure of life usage exceeds the corresponding threshold value.

The invention claimed is: 
     
       1. A method for reducing a collective output power of a plurality of wind turbines, the method comprising:
 acquiring, using one or more sensors of the plurality of wind turbines, values of one or more variables affecting a life usage of components of the plurality of wind turbines; 
 for each wind turbine of the plurality of wind turbines, determining a measure of the life usage of at least one component of the wind turbine by applying a life usage algorithm to the values of the one or more variables; 
 identifying, responsive to a request at a power plant controller to reduce the collective output power, a subset of one or more wind turbines of the plurality of wind turbines, wherein each of the one or more wind turbines has a component with a corresponding life usage that is greater than a threshold value; and 
 communicating one or more power set points from the power plant controller to one or more wind turbine controllers of the one or more wind turbines, 
 wherein the one or more power set points configure the one or more wind turbine controllers to reduce a power generation of the one or more wind turbines proportional to an amount by which the corresponding life usage exceeds the threshold value. 
 
     
     
       2. A method according to  claim 1  further comprising:
 determining a required level for the collective output power; and 
 determining the one or more power set points to reduce the collective power output to the required level. 
 
     
     
       3. A method according to  claim 2  further comprising, prior to communicating the one or more power set points:
 receiving a signal indicative of current power generation by one or more of the plurality of wind turbines; 
 estimating, based on the signal, a current total output power of the plurality of wind turbines; 
 determining a difference between the estimated current total output power and the required level for the collective output power; and 
 determining the one or more power set points based on the difference. 
 
     
     
       4. A method according to  claim 2  further comprising, at pre-determined time intervals after communicating the one or more power set points:
 estimating a revised current total output power of the plurality of wind turbines; 
 comparing the revised current total output power to the required level; and 
 when the estimated current total output power is different from the required level, revising at least one of the one or more power set points to adjust the collective output power. 
 
     
     
       5. A method according to  claim 2  wherein:
 the plurality of wind turbines are included in a wind power plant; 
 the request to reduce the collective output power is a curtailment command from an operator of a utility grid; and 
 the required level for the collective output power is specified, directly or indirectly, by the curtailment command. 
 
     
     
       6. A method according to  claim 1  wherein the request to reduce the collective output power comprises an alarm signal from the plurality of wind turbines. 
     
     
       7. A method according to  claim 1  wherein the threshold value comprises an expected value of life usage for the component. 
     
     
       8. A method according to  claim 7  wherein the expected value is based on an operational lifetime of the plurality of wind turbines. 
     
     
       9. A method according to  claim 1  further comprising:
 comparing two or more of the measures of the life usage; and 
 selecting the threshold value based on the comparison. 
 
     
     
       10. A method according to  claim 1  wherein the component of the wind turbine comprises one of a blade structure, a blade pitch system component, a main shaft, a main shaft bearing, a tower, a foundation, a yaw system component, a converter, a power cable, a blade bearing, a gearbox, a generator, and a transformer. 
     
     
       11. A method according to  claim 1  wherein the life usage algorithm comprises one of a load duration algorithm, a load revolution distribution algorithm, a rainflow counting algorithm, a stress cycle damage algorithm, a temperature cycle damage algorithm, a generator thermal reaction rate algorithm, a transformer thermal reaction rate algorithm, and a bearing wear algorithm. 
     
     
       12. A control arrangement for controlling a plurality of wind turbines, the control arrangement comprising:
 at least one life usage estimation unit configured to:
 acquire, using one or more sensors of the plurality of wind turbines, values of one or more variables affecting a life usage of components of the plurality of wind turbines; and 
 determine, for each wind turbine of the plurality of wind turbines, a measure of the life usage of at least one component of the wind turbine by applying a life usage algorithm to the values of the one or more variables; 
 
 a central control unit configured to:
 receive the measures of the life usage; and 
 identify, responsive to a request to reduce a collective output power of the plurality of wind turbines, a subset comprising one or more wind turbines of the plurality of wind turbines, wherein each of the one or more wind turbines has a component with a corresponding life usage that exceeds a threshold value; and 
 
 a power control unit configured to:
 communicate one or more power set points to one or more wind turbine controllers of the one or more wind turbines, 
 
 wherein the one or more power set points configure the one or more wind turbine controllers to reduce a power generation of the one or more wind turbines proportional to an amount by which the corresponding life usage exceeds the threshold value. 
 
     
     
       13. A system, comprising:
 a plurality of wind turbines; and 
 a control arrangement for controlling the plurality of wind turbines, the control arrangement comprising:
 at least one life usage estimation unit configured to:
 acquire, using one or more sensors of the plurality of wind turbines, values of one or more variables affecting a life usage of components of the plurality of wind turbines; and 
 determine, for each wind turbine of the plurality of wind turbines, a measure of the life usage of at least one component of the wind turbine by applying a life usage algorithm to the values of the one or more variables; 
 
 a central control unit configured to:
 receive the measures of the life usage; and 
 identify, responsive to a request to reduce a collective output power of the plurality of wind turbines, a subset comprising one or more wind turbines of the plurality of wind turbines, 
 
 wherein each of the one more wind turbines has a component with a corresponding life usage that exceeds a threshold value; and 
 a power control unit configured to:
 communicate one or more power set points to one or more wind turbine controller of the one or more wind turbines, 
 
 
 wherein the one or more power set points configure the one or more wind turbine controllers to reduce a power generation of the one or more wind turbines proportional to an amount by which the corresponding life usage exceeds the threshold value.