Antenna

Abstract

The present invention relates to an antenna, which can improve a front-to-rear ratio and cross-polarization isolation without changing a structure of a reflection panel. The antenna includes an antenna element and a reflection panel. The antenna element is disposed on the reflection panel. The antenna further includes a wave-absorbing material layer. The wave-absorbing material layer is disposed on one side of an outer surface, back to the antenna element, of the reflection panel.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An antenna, comprising an antenna element and a reflection panel, wherein the antenna element is disposed on the reflection panel, the antenna further comprises a wave-absorbing material layer, the wave-absorbing material layer is disposed on one side of an outer surface, back to the antenna element, of the reflection panel;
 wherein the wave-absorbing material layer comprises a magnetic electromagnetic wave-absorbing material layer and a conductive geometric structure layer combined with the magnetic electromagnetic wave-absorbing material layer, the conductive geometric structure layer is formed by a plurality of conductive geometric structure units that are arranged sequentially, each conductive geometric structure unit comprises an unclosed ring-shaped conductive geometric structure, and two relatively parallel strip-shaped structures are disposed at an opening of the ring-shaped conductive geometric structure. 
 
     
     
       2. The antenna according to  claim 1 , wherein the wave-absorbing material layer is attached to the outer surface, back to the antenna element, of the reflection panel; or the wave-absorbing material layer is disposed on the outer surface, back to the antenna element, of the reflection panel with a spacing. 
     
     
       3. The antenna according to  claim 1 , wherein the antenna further comprises a radome, the antenna element and the reflection panel are disposed in the radome, and the wave-absorbing material layer is disposed between the radome and the reflection panel;
 wherein the reflection panel has a base panel, a first side panel, and a second side panel; locations of the first side panel and the second side panel are opposite to each other; the antenna element is disposed on the base panel; the radome encloses at least the base panel, the first side panel, and the second side panel; and the wave-absorbing material layer is disposed at least between the radome and the first side panel and between the radome and the second side panel; 
 wherein the wave-absorbing material layer is attached to an outer surface, opposite to the radome, of the first side panel, and is attached to an outer surface, opposite to the radome, of the second side panel; or the wave-absorbing material layer is attached to an inner surface, opposite to the first side panel and the second side panel, of the radome. 
 
     
     
       4. The antenna according to  claim 3 , wherein the wave-absorbing material layer is further disposed between the radome and the base panel. 
     
     
       5. The antenna according to  claim 4 , wherein the wave-absorbing material layer is attached to an outer surface, opposite to the radome, of the base panel; or the wave-absorbing material layer is attached to an inner surface, opposite to the base panel, of the radome. 
     
     
       6. The antenna according to  claim 5 , wherein the wave-absorbing material layer is combined with a metal layer, and the metal layer is disposed on the inner surface, opposite to the first side panel and the second side panel, of the radome. 
     
     
       7. The antenna according to  claim 6 , wherein the metal layer is further disposed on the inner surface, opposite to the base panel, of the radome. 
     
     
       8. The antenna according to  claim 1 , wherein there are a plurality of antenna elements that form an element array; the wave-absorbing material layer covers an outer surface of an area, on the reflection panel, that is corresponding to the element array; and layout of the wave-absorbing material layer is centered around the element array. 
     
     
       9. The antenna according to  claim 1 , wherein the ring-shaped conductive geometric structure has more than one opening. 
     
     
       10. The antenna according to  claim 1 , wherein the ring-shaped conductive geometric structure is in a circular, oval, triangular, or polygonal shape. 
     
     
       11. The antenna according to  claim 1 , wherein the conductive geometric structure units are arranged in a form of a periodic array. 
     
     
       12. The antenna according to  claim 1 , wherein a metal layer is disposed on a surface of the magnetic electromagnetic wave-absorbing material layer. 
     
     
       13. The antenna according to  claim 12 , wherein the magnetic electromagnetic wave-absorbing material layer is a wave-absorbing patch material. 
     
     
       14. The antenna according to  claim 12 , wherein an operating frequency of the wave-absorbing material layer is within a frequency band of 0.8-2.7 GHz, and a thickness of the metal layer is greater than a skin depth, corresponding to the operating frequency band, of the metal layer. 
     
     
       15. The antenna according to  claim 1 , wherein the conductive geometric structure units are attached to the magnetic electromagnetic wave-absorbing material layer or are embedded in the magnetic electromagnetic wave-absorbing material layer. 
     
     
       16. The antenna according to  claim 1 , wherein the conductive geometric structure unit is in a shape having a circumcircle, and a diameter of the circumcircle is 1/20-⅕ of an electromagnetic wavelength in an operating frequency band free space. 
     
     
       17. The antenna according to  claim 1 , wherein an operating frequency of the wave-absorbing material layer is within a frequency band of 0.8-2.7 GHz, a thickness of the conductive geometric structure unit is greater than a skin depth, corresponding to the operating frequency band, of the conductive geometric structure unit. 
     
     
       18. The antenna according to  claim 1 , wherein line widths of the ring-shaped conductive geometric structure and the strip-shaped structure are both W, and 0.1 mm≤W≤1 mm. 
     
     
       19. The antenna according to  claim 1 , wherein thicknesses of the ring-shaped conductive geometric structure and the strip-shaped structure are both H, and 0.005 mm≤H≤0.05 mm.