US11056912B1ActiveUtility
Power system optimization using hierarchical clusters
Est. expiryJan 25, 2041(~14.5 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
H02J 13/1331H02J 13/1321H02J 13/16H02J 2103/30Y04S10/12Y04S10/14Y04S40/126Y04S40/124H02J 3/32H02J 3/466H02J 3/004H02J 3/003H02J 3/381G06Q 50/06G06Q 10/04G01R 19/2513H02J 13/00016H02J 13/00022H02J 13/00032
96
PatentIndex Score
27
Cited by
136
References
23
Claims
Abstract
A power flow schedule of a cluster is determined by calculating sensitivity of the net power exchange bounds. Each cluster includes a different section of the power system. The cluster provides to another cluster the power flow schedule and the net power exchange bounds for determination of a second power flow schedule by another cluster based on collective net power exchange bounds, a forecast power supply of the plurality of clusters, and a forecast power demand schedule. The clusters are hierarchically arranged such that the another cluster is higher in a hierarchy than the cluster. The cluster receives from the another cluster the second power flow schedule. The first power flow schedule is adjusted locally within the cluster based on the second power schedule and the net power exchange bounds of the cluster. The power output of the cluster is controlled using the adjusted first power flow schedule.
Claims
exact text as granted — not AI-modifiedWhat is claimed is:
1. A method of determining an optimal power profile for a plurality of clusters within a power system having one or more energy storage units, the method comprising:
determining, locally within a first cluster of the plurality of clusters, a first power flow schedule of the first cluster by calculating sensitivity of net power exchange bounds of the first cluster, wherein each cluster comprises a different section of the power system;
providing, by the first cluster to a second cluster via a communication network after the determining, (i) the first power flow schedule and (ii) the net power exchange bounds of the first cluster for determination of a second power flow schedule by the second cluster based on (a) collective net power exchange bounds of the plurality of clusters, (b) a forecast power supply of the plurality of clusters, and (c) a forecast power demand schedule, wherein the first cluster and the second cluster are hierarchically arranged such that the second cluster is higher in a hierarchy than the first cluster;
receiving, by the first cluster from the second cluster after the providing, the second power flow schedule;
adjusting, after the receiving, locally within the first cluster, the first power flow schedule based on the second power schedule and the net power exchange bounds of the first cluster; and
controlling power output of the first cluster using the adjusted first power flow schedule.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sensitivity comprises matrices associated with each cluster of the plurality of clusters comprise (i) a real power voltage sensitivity matrix, S P , and (ii) a reactive power voltage sensitivity matrix, S Q , wherein the real power voltage sensitivity matrix is expressed by:
S
P
=
[
δ
V
1
/
δ
P
1
⋯
δ
V
1
/
δ
P
m
⋮
⋱
⋮
δ
V
n
/
δ
P
1
⋯
δ
V
n
/
δ
P
m
]
wherein n is a node within a respective cluster, m is a number of distributed energy resources within the respective cluster, V is a voltage of the node, P is a real power of the node, and δ is a change in voltage of the node, and the reactive power voltage sensitivity matrix, S Q , expressed by:
S
Q
=
[
δ
V
1
/
δ
Q
1
⋯
δ
V
1
/
δ
Q
m
⋮
⋱
⋮
δ
V
n
/
δ
Q
1
⋯
δ
V
n
/
δ
Q
m
]
wherein Q is a reactive power of the node.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining, the providing, the receiving, and the adjusting occur over a planning period comprising a plurality of intervals.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein a State of Charge (SoC) of each energy storage unit is managed towards a targeted SoC level at an end of the planning period.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the planning period is a sliding window of time over which the first power flow schedule, the second power flow schedule, and the third power flow schedule are computed.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first cluster comprises at least one of a gas turbine, a diesel engine, a coal fired generator, a solar photovoltaic panel, a wind turbine, a hydro turbine, a battery, a distributed energy resource, an aggregator for managing distributed energy resources, a generation facility energy management system, or a virtual power plant.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first power flow schedule is determined by calculating a standard deviation of voltages within the first cluster, wherein the standard deviation is used to identify a lowest value of an average voltage of the first cluster.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the first power flow schedule, the second power flow schedule, and the third power flow schedule comprise at least one of a real power flow, a reactive power flow, or an apparent power flow.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the first cluster and the second cluster is at least one of an alternating current (AC) cluster or a direct current (DC) cluster.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the communication network comprises at least one of a wired communication network or a wireless communication network.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the net power exchange bounds of each cluster comprises (i) a minimum net power exchange bound and (ii) a maximum net power exchange bound.
12. A method of determining an optimal power profile for a plurality of clusters of a power system having one or more energy storage units, the method comprising:
receiving, from a first cluster by a second cluster via a communication network, (i) a first power flow schedule determined by the first cluster and (ii) net power exchange bounds of the first cluster, wherein each cluster comprises a different section of the power system;
determining, locally within the second cluster, a second power flow schedule based on (i) collective net power exchange bounds of the plurality of clusters including the net power exchange bounds of the first cluster, (ii) a forecast power supply of the plurality of clusters, and (iii) a forecast power demand schedule, wherein the first cluster and the second cluster are hierarchically arranged such that the second cluster is higher in a hierarchy than the first cluster;
providing, to the first cluster from the second cluster via the communication network after the determining, the second power flow schedule; and
controlling power output of the first cluster using the second power flow schedule.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the receiving, the determining, and the providing occur over a planning period comprising a plurality of intervals.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein a State of Charge (SoC) of each energy storage unit is managed towards a targeted SoC level at an end of the planning period.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the planning period is a sliding window of time over which the first power flow schedule and the second power flow schedule are computed.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the first cluster comprises at least one of a gas turbine, a diesel engine, a coal fired generator, a solar photovoltaic panel, a wind turbine, a hydro turbine, a battery, a distributed energy resource, an aggregator for managing distributed energy resources, a generation facility energy management system, or a virtual power plant.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the first power flow schedule is determined by calculating a standard deviation of voltages within the first cluster, wherein the standard deviation is used to identify a lowest value of an average voltage of the first cluster.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein each of the first power flow schedule and the second power flow schedule comprise at least one of a real power flow, a reactive power flow, or an apparent power flow.
19. The method of claim 12 , wherein each of the first cluster and the second cluster is at least one of an alternating current (AC) cluster or a direct current (DC) cluster.
20. The method of claim 12 , wherein the communication network comprises at least one of a wired communication network or a wireless communication network.
21. The method of claim 12 , wherein the net power exchange bounds of each cluster comprises (i) a minimum net power exchange bound and (ii) a maximum net power exchange bound.
22. A system for determining an optimal power profile for a plurality of clusters of a power system having one or more energy storage units, the system comprising:
at least one data processor;
memory storing instructions, which when executed by at least one data processor, result in operations comprising:
determining, locally within a first cluster of the plurality of clusters, a first power flow schedule of the first cluster by calculating sensitivity of the net power exchange bounds of the first cluster, wherein each cluster comprises a different section of the power system;
providing, by the first cluster to a second cluster via a communication network after the determining, (i) the first power flow schedule and (ii) the net power exchange bounds of the first cluster for determination of a second power flow schedule by the second cluster based on (i) collective net power exchange bounds of the plurality of clusters, (ii) a forecast power supply of the plurality of clusters, and (iii) a forecast power demand schedule, wherein the first cluster and the second cluster are hierarchically arranged such that the second cluster is higher in a hierarchy than the first cluster;
receiving, by the first cluster from the second cluster after the providing, the second power flow schedule;
adjusting, after the receiving, locally within the first cluster, the first power flow schedule based on the second power schedule and the net power exchange bounds of the first cluster; and
controlling power output of the first cluster using the adjusted first power flow schedule.
23. A system for determining an optimal power profile for a plurality of clusters of a power system having one or more energy storage units, the system comprising:
at least one data processor;
memory storing instructions, which when executed by at least one data processor, result in operations comprising:
receiving, from a first cluster by a second cluster via a communication network, (i) a first power flow schedule determined by the first cluster and (ii) net power exchange bounds of the first cluster, wherein each cluster comprises a different section of the power system;
determining, locally within the second cluster, a second power flow schedule based on (i) collective net power exchange bounds of the plurality of clusters including the net power exchange bounds of the first cluster, (ii) a forecast power supply of the plurality of clusters, and (ii) a forecast power demand schedule, wherein the first cluster and the second cluster are hierarchically arranged such that the second cluster is higher in a hierarchy than the first cluster;
providing, to the first cluster from the second cluster via the communication network after the determining, the second power flow schedule; and
controlling power output of the first cluster using the second power flow schedule.Cited by (0)
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