Binary power generation system and control apparatus

Abstract

Provided is a new binary power generation system that, in the binary power generation system using exhaust gas as a heating source, maximizes the power generation amount while considering the sulfuric acid dew point temperature of the exhaust gas. In this binary power generation system, corrosion due to sulfuric acid is prevented. Provided is a binary power generation system including a binary power generation apparatus that generates power by vaporizing a power generation medium using heat of exhaust gas output from a drive apparatus, wherein the binary power generation apparatus includes a control section that controls a mass flow rate of the power generation medium based on at least a sulfur concentration of the exhaust gas.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A binary power generation system comprising:
 a binary power generation apparatus that generates power by vaporizing a power generation medium using heat of exhaust gas output from a drive apparatus, wherein 
 the binary power generation apparatus includes: 
 a power generating section having a vaporizer into which is introduced the power generation medium that exchanges the heat with the exhaust gas; a power generator that generates the power using the power generation medium vaporized by the vaporizer; a condenser that liquefies the power generation medium vaporized in the vaporizer and expelled from the power generator; and a power generation medium pump that causes the power generation medium liquefied by the condenser to flow into the vaporizer; 
 a cooling section for cooling the power generation medium in the condenser; and, 
 a control section that controls a mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump; wherein 
 the cooling section includes a cooling medium pump that causes a cooling medium to flow into the condenser; and 
 the control section controls a volumetric flow rate of the cooling medium pump according to fluctuation of a supercooling degree of the power generation medium in the condenser that changes according to the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump; wherein 
 the control section controls the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump based on only one of (i) a determination of mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump based on a sulfur concentration of the exhaust gas, a dew point temperature of the exhaust gas between the drive apparatus and the vaporizer, and an exhaust temperature, which is a temperature of the exhaust gas expelled from the vaporizer and (ii) the determination of mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump based on an output instruction value of power generation set for the control section and a current output of the power generator. 
 
     
     
       2. The binary power generation system according to  claim 1 , wherein
 the control section adjusts the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump based on a smaller of: 
 a change amount of the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump determined based on the dew point temperature and the exhaust temperature of the exhaust gas, and 
 a change amount of the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump determined based on the output instruction value and the current output. 
 
     
     
       3. A binary power generation system comprising:
 a binary power generation apparatus that generates power by vaporizing a power generation medium using heat of exhaust gas output from a drive apparatus, wherein the binary power generation apparatus includes: 
 a power generating section having a vaporizer into which is introduced the power generation medium that exchanges heat with the exhaust gas; a power generator that generates the power using power generation medium vaporized by the vaporizer; a condenser that liquefies the power generation medium vaporized by the vaporizer and expelled from the power generator; a power generation medium pump that causes the power generation medium liquefied by the condenser to flow into the vaporizer and a first detector that measures temperature and pressure of the power generation medium between the condenser and the power generation medium pump; 
 a cooling section for cooling the power generation medium in the condenser; and, a control section that controls a mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump; wherein 
 the cooling section includes a cooling medium pump that causes a cooling medium to flow into the condenser; and 
 the control section calculates a supercooling degree of the power generation medium based on the temperature and the pressure of the power generation medium measured by the first detector, and 
 the control section calculates a mass flow rate of the volumetric flow rate of the cooling medium pump based on the supercooling degree of the power generation medium and a supercooling degree instruction value of the cooling medium set for the control section and wherein 
 the control section controls the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump based on only one of (i) a determination of mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump based on a sulfur concentration of the exhaust gas, a dew point temperature of the exhaust gas between the drive apparatus and the vaporizer and an exhaust temperature, which is a temperature of the exhaust gas expelled from the vaporizer, (ii) a determination of mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump based on an output instruction value of power generation set for the control section and a current output of the power generator, and (iii) a determination of mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump based on the supercooling degree instruction value and the supercooling degree. 
 
     
     
       4. The binary power generation system according to  claim 3 , wherein
 the control section controls the cooling medium pump based on the supercooling degree instruction value and the supercooling degree, and adjusts the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump based on a smallest of: 
 a change amount of the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump determined based on the dew point temperature and the exhaust temperature of the exhaust gas, 
 a change amount of the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump determined based on the output instruction value and the current output, and 
 a change amount of the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump determined based on the supercooling degree instruction value and the supercooling degree. 
 
     
     
       5. A binary power generation system comprising:
 a binary power generation apparatus that generates power by vaporizing a power generation medium using heat of exhaust gas output from a drive apparatus, wherein the binary power generation apparatus includes: 
 a power generating section having a vaporizer into which is introduced the power generation medium that exchanges heat with the exhaust gas; a power generator that generates the power using power generation medium vaporized by the vaporizer; a condenser that liquefies the power generation medium vaporized by the vaporizer and expelled from the power generator; a power generation medium pump that causes the power generation medium liquefied by the condenser to flow into the vaporizer; a first detector that measures temperature and pressure of the power generation medium between the condenser and the power generation medium pump; 
 a buffer tank that is provided between the vaporizer and the power generator and temporarily stores the power generation medium that was vaporized by the vaporizer and power generation medium that was not vaporized by the vaporizer; and a second detector that measures a temperature and a pressure of the power generation medium between the buffer tank and the power generator; 
 a cooling section for cooling the power generation medium in the condenser; and, a control section that controls a mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump; wherein 
 the cooling section includes a cooling medium pump that causes a cooling medium to flow into the condenser, 
 the control section calculates a supercooling degree of the power generation medium based on the temperature and the pressure of the power generation medium measured by the first detector, 
 the control section calculates a mass flow rate of the volumetric flow rate of the cooling medium pump based on the supercooling degree of the power generation medium and a supercooling degree instruction value of the cooling medium set for the control section; and 
 the control section calculates a superheating degree of the power generation medium based on the temperature and the pressure of the power generation medium measured by the second detector; wherein 
 the control section controls a mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump based on only one of (i) a determination of mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump based on a sulfur concentration of the exhaust gas, a dew point temperature of the exhaust gas between the drive apparatus and the vaporizer and an exhaust temperature, which is a temperature of the exhaust gas expelled from the vaporizer, (ii) a determination of mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump based on an output instruction value of power generation set for the control section and a current output of the power generator, (iii) a determination of mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump based on the supercooling degree instruction value and the supercooling degree, (iv) a determination of mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump based on a level instruction value indicating an upper limit of an amount of liquid in the buffer tank set for the control section and a current amount of liquid in the buffer tank, and (v) a determination of mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump based on a superheating degree instruction value indicating a lower limit of the superheating degree set for the control section and the calculated superheating degree. 
 
     
     
       6. The binary power generation system according to  claim 5 , wherein
 the control section controls the cooling medium pump based on the supercooling degree instruction value and the supercooling degree, and adjusts the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump based on a smallest of: 
 a change amount of the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump determined based on the dew point temperature and the exhaust temperature of the exhaust gas, 
 a change amount of the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump determined based on the output instruction value and the current output, 
 a change amount of the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump determined based on the supercooling degree instruction value and the supercooling degree, 
 a change amount of the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump determined based on the level instruction value and the current amount of liquid, and 
 a change amount of the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump determined based on the superheating degree instruction value and the superheating degree. 
 
     
     
       7. A binary power generation system comprising:
 a binary power generation apparatus that generates power by vaporizing a power generation medium using heat of an exhaust gas output from a drive apparatus, wherein the binary power generation apparatus includes:
 a concentration sensor that measures a concentration of sulfur dioxide contained in the exhaust gas; 
 a buffer tank between the vaporizer and the power generator that temporarily stores the power generation medium that was vaporized by a vaporizer and the power generation medium that was not vaporized by the vaporizer; 
 a control section that controls a mass flow rate of the power generation medium based on at least: 
 
 the concentration of the sulfur dioxide measured by the concentration sensor and a conversion rate at which the sulfur dioxide is converted to sulfur trioxide, 
 a dew point temperature of the exhaust gas between the drive apparatus and the vaporizer, 
 an exhaust temperature, which is a temperature of the exhaust gas expelled from the vaporizer, and 
 the control section controls a volumetric flow rate of a cooling medium pump according to fluctuation of a supercooling degree of the power generation medium in a condenser that changes according to the mass flow rate of a power generation medium pump, and 
 the control section controls the mass flow rate of the power generation medium based on one or more of (i) a determination of mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump based on the dew point temperature and the exhaust temperature of the exhaust gas and (ii) a determination of mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump based on an output instruction value of power generation set for the control section and a current output of the power generator, and 
 the control section controls the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump further based on a level instruction value indicating an upper limit of an amount of liquid in the buffer tank set for the control section and a current amount of liquid in the buffer tank, 
 the control section calculates the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump and the volumetric flow rate of the cooling medium pump based on the temperature and the pressure of the power generation medium measured by a first detector, and 
 the control section controls at least one of the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump and the volumetric flow rate of the cooling medium pump based on the calculated mass flow rate and volumetric flow rate, and 
 the control section calculates the supercooling degree of the power generation medium based on the temperature and the pressure of the power generation medium measured by the first detector, and 
 the control section calculates the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump and the volumetric flow rate of the cooling medium pump based on the supercooling degree of the power generation medium and a supercooling degree instruction value of the cooling medium set for the control section, and 
 the control section calculates the supercooling degree of the power generation medium based on the temperature and the pressure of the power generation medium measured by the first detector, and 
 the control section calculates the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump and the volumetric flow rate of the cooling medium pump based on the supercooling degree of the power generation medium and a supercooling degree instruction value of the cooling medium set for the control section, 
 the control section calculates a superheating degree of the power generation medium based on a temperature and a pressure of the power generation medium between the buffer tank and the power generator measured by a second detector, and the control section controls the mass flow rate of the power generation medium pump further based on a calculated superheating degree of the power generation medium and a superheating degree instruction value indicating a lower limit of the superheating degree set for the control section, 
 the control section displays, in a display apparatus in response to an actual power generation amount being limited to be lower than the output instruction value, one of the dew point temperature of the exhaust gas, the supercooling degree instruction value of the cooling medium, the superheating degree instruction value indicating the lower limit of the superheating degree, and a level instruction value indicating an upper limit of an amount of liquid in the buffer tank that is causing the actual power generation amount to be limited, and 
 a power generating section having a vaporizer and a power generator, wherein the power generation medium that exchanges heat with the exhaust gas is introduced into the vaporizer and the power generator generates power using the power generation medium vaporized by the vaporizer, and the first detector that measures temperature and pressure of the power generation medium between the condenser and the power generation medium pump, and 
 the power generating section further includes the second detector that measures the temperature and the pressure of the power generation medium between the buffer tank and the power generator, 
 a condenser that liquefies the power generation medium vaporized in the vaporizer and expelled from the power generator; and
 a power generation medium pump that causes power generation medium liquefied by the condenser to flow into the vaporizer, and 
 
 a cooling section for cooling the power generation medium in the condenser, the cooling section includes a cooling medium pump that causes a cooling medium to flow into the condenser. 
 
     
     
       8. The binary power generation system according to  claim 7 , wherein
 the binary power generation system is a power generation system for a ship and is provided in the ship.