Methods of inducing weight loss

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method of inducing weight loss and/or preventing weight gain in a subject affected by administering certain diets selected based on the fasting blood glucose and/or the fasting insulin of the subject. The present disclosure further provides personalized dietary instruction, based on the fasting blood glucose and/or the fasting insulin of a subject, with the potential to improve the weight loss and prevent weight regain. The present disclosure further relates to methods for predicting weight loss success and classifying responsiveness of a subject to a certain diet as well as methods for selecting a weight loss or a weight gain diet for a subject based on the fasting blood glucose and/or the fasting insulin of the subject.

The invention claimed is: 
     
       1. A method of inducing weight loss in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a diet to said subject which is selected based on the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and optionally the fasting insulin (f-insulin) of said subject, wherein
 (a) the subject has high or very high FPG and the diet is an ad libitum diet with low GI and low GL, and said diet is characterized by
 (i) a carbohydrate content between 30% and 50% of the daily energy; 
 (ii) a GI between 20 and 58 units, and 
 (iii) a GL between 10 and 110 grams/day; 
 
 (b) the subject has normal FPG and the diet is an ad libitum diet with high GI and high GL, and said diet is characterized by
 (i) a carbohydrate content between 50% and 55% of the daily energy, 
 (ii) a GI between 60 and 64 units, and 
 (iii) GL between 135 and 140 grams/day; 
 
 (c) the subject has normal or high FPG and the diet is a low fat diet, and said diet is characterized by a fat content between 15 and 30% of the daily energy; 
 (d) the subject has very high FPG and the diet is a high fat diet, and said diet is characterized by a fat content between 35 and 50% of the daily energy; 
 (e) the subject has high FPG and the diet is a high fiber diet characterized by a fiber intake higher than 20 to 45 g/10 MJ and an energy density below 115 kcal/100 g; 
 (f) the subject has very high FPG and low f-insulin and the diet is a high fiber diet characterized by a fiber intake higher than 20 to 45 g/10 MJ and an energy density below 115 kcal/100 g; or 
 (g) the subject has normal FPG and low f-insulin and the diet is a high fiber diet characterized by a fiber intake higher than 20 to 45 g/10 MJ and an energy density below 115 kcal/100 g; 
 thereby inducing weight loss in said subject. 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the subject has high or very high FPG and the diet is the ad libitum diet with low GI/low. 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the subject has normal FPG and the diet is the ad libitum diet with high GI/high. 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the subject has normal or high FPG and the diet is the low fat diet. 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the subject has very high FPG and the diet is the high fat diet. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the subject has high FPG and the diet is the high fiber diet. 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the weight loss is at least in part a loss of fat mass. 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 2 , wherein the low GL/low GI diet is characterized by:
 carbohydrate content between 40% and 45% of the daily energy; 
 GI between 54 and 58 units, and 
 GL between 100 and 110 grams/day. 
 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 3 , wherein the high GL/high GI diet is characterized by:
 carbohydrate content between 50% and 55% of the daily energy, 
 GI between 60 and 64 units, and 
 GL between 135 and 140 grams/day. 
 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 4 , wherein the low fat diet is limited by up to 600 kcal/day. 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 10 , wherein the low fat diet is characterized by a fat content between 20 and 25% of the daily energy. 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 5 , wherein the high fat diet is limited by up to 600 kcal/day. 
     
     
       13. The method of  claim 12 , wherein the high fat diet characterized by a fat content between 40 and 45% of the daily energy. 
     
     
       14. The method of  claim 6 , wherein the high fiber diet is an ad libitum diet and is characterized by:
 a fiber intake higher than 25 to 45 g/10 MJ. 
 
     
     
       15. The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the normal FPG is an FPG below 100 mg/dl, 
 the high FPG is an FPG between 100 and 125 mg/dl, and 
 the very high FPG is an FPG higher than 125 mg/dl. 
 
     
     
       16. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the subject having high or very high FPG is affected by prediabetes or type 2 diabetes. 
     
     
       17. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the subject having high or very high FPG is affected by inherited, acquired or iatrogenic insulin resistance. 
     
     
       18. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising administering to the subject having high or very high FPG a therapeutic agent that stimulates insulin secretion and/or a therapeutic agent that reduces insulin resistance so that the weight loss success or weight maintenance success of the diet is increased. 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the low f-insulin is an f-insulin value lower than 13 μlU/ml. 
     
     
       20. The method of  claim 1 , wherein weight loss is primarily fat loss. 
     
     
       21. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the subject is obese or overweight.