Non-invasive analyte sensor and system with decoupled and inefficient transmit and receive antennas

Abstract

A non-invasive analyte sensor system includes an antenna/detector array having at least one transmit antenna/element and at least one receive antenna/element, wherein the at least one transmit antenna/element and the at least one receive antenna/element are less than 95% coupled to one another, or less than 90% coupled to one another, or less than 85% coupled to one another, or less than 75% coupled to one another. The at least one transmit antenna/element transmits a transmit signal in a radio or microwave frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum into a target containing an analyte of interest, and the at least one receive antenna/element detects a response resulting from transmission of the transmit signal by the at least one transmit antenna/element into the target.

The invention claimed is: 
     
       1. A non-invasive analyte sensor system, comprising:
 an antenna array having at least one transmit antenna and at least one receive antenna, wherein the at least one transmit antenna and the at least one receive antenna are less than 95% coupled to one another; 
 the at least one transmit antenna consists of a strip of conductive material disposed on a substrate; 
 the at least one receive antenna consists of a strip of conductive material disposed on the substrate; 
 a transmit circuit that is electrically connectable to the at least one transmit antenna, the transmit circuit is configured to generate a transmit signal to be transmitted by the at least one transmit antenna, the transmit signal is in a radio or microwave frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum of about 10 kHz to about 100 GHz; 
 a receive circuit that is electrically connectable to the at least one receive antenna, the receive circuit is configured to receive a response detected by the at least one receive antenna resulting from transmission of the transmit signal by the at least one transmit antenna into the target containing the at least one analyte of interest; 
 a rechargeable battery that is electrically connected to the antenna array, the transmit circuit and the receive circuit. 
 
     
     
       2. The non-invasive analyte sensor system of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one transmit antenna has a first geometry and the at least one receive antenna has a second geometry that is geometrically different from the first geometry. 
     
     
       3. The non-invasive analyte sensor system of  claim 1 , wherein the strip of conductive material of the at least one transmit antenna has at least one lateral dimension thereof greater than a thickness dimension thereof; and
 the strip of conductive material of the at least one receive antenna has at least one lateral dimension thereof greater than a thickness dimension thereof. 
 
     
     
       4. The non-invasive analyte sensor system of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a sensor housing, the antenna array is attached to the sensor housing, the transmit circuit is disposed in the sensor housing, and the receive circuit is disposed in the sensor housing; and 
 a battery disposed within the sensor housing, the battery is electrically connected to the antenna array, the transmit circuit and the receive circuit. 
 
     
     
       5. The non-invasive analyte sensor system of  claim 4 , wherein the battery is rechargeable. 
     
     
       6. The non-invasive analyte sensor system of  claim 1 , wherein the target is human tissue, animal tissue, plant tissue, an inanimate object, soil, a fluid, genetic material, or a microbe. 
     
     
       7. The non-invasive analyte sensor system of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one analyte of interest comprises blood glucose, blood alcohol, white blood cells, or luteinizing hormone. 
     
     
       8. The non-invasive analyte sensor system of  claim 1 , wherein the radio or microwave frequency range is between about 10 kHz to about 100 GHz. 
     
     
       9. The non-invasive analyte sensor system of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one transmit antenna and the at least one receive antenna are less than 90% coupled to one another. 
     
     
       10. The non-invasive analyte sensor system of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one transmit antenna and the at least one receive antenna are less than 85% coupled to one another. 
     
     
       11. A non-invasive analyte sensor system, comprising:
 a sensor housing; 
 a decoupled detector array attached to the sensor housing, the decoupled detector array having at least one transmit element and at least one receive element, wherein the at least one transmit element and the at least one receive element are less than 95% coupled to one another; 
 the at least one transmit element consists of a strip of conductive material disposed on a substrate; 
 the at least one receive element consists of a strip of conductive material disposed on the substrate; 
 a transmit circuit disposed within the sensor housing, the transmit circuit is electrically connected to the at least one transmit element, the transmit circuit is configured to generate a transmit signal to be transmitted by the transmit element into a target containing at least one analyte of interest, and the transmit signal has a plurality of different frequencies, each one of the different frequencies is in a range of about 10 kHz to about 100 GHz; 
 a receive circuit disposed within the sensor housing, the receive circuit is electrically connected to the at least one receive element, the receive circuit is configured to receive a response detected by the at least one receive element resulting from transmission of the transmit signal by the at least one transmit element into the target containing the at least one analyte of interest; and 
 a rechargeable battery disposed within the sensor housing, the rechargeable battery is electrically connected to the detector array, the transmit circuit and the receive circuit. 
 
     
     
       12. The non-invasive analyte sensor system of  claim 11 , wherein the target is human tissue, animal tissue, plant tissue, an inanimate object, soil, a fluid, genetic material, or a microbe. 
     
     
       13. The non-invasive analyte sensor system of  claim 11 , wherein the at least one analyte of interest comprises blood glucose, blood alcohol, white blood cells, or luteinizing hormone. 
     
     
       14. The non-invasive analyte sensor system of  claim 11 , wherein the at least one transmit element and the at least one receive element are less than 90% coupled to one another. 
     
     
       15. The non-invasive analyte sensor system of  claim 11 , wherein the at least one transmit element and the at least one receive element are less than 85% coupled to one another.