Unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device

Abstract

A unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device, including a discharge port (10), the discharge port includes a lower plate (11) and an upper plate (12), the upper plate is provided above the lower plate, an included angle between a horizontal plane and a straight line where an endpoint of a free end of the upper plate and an endpoint of a free end of the lower plate are located is a leakage angle (13), that is to say, a particulate material forms an inclined plane between the upper plate and the lower plate, and an included angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane is the leakage angle, which can be adjusted by changing relative positions of the upper plate and the lower plate. The direction of an opening of the sand passing passage is opposite to a moving direction during the sand dispensing operation. When the sand dispensing operation is stopped, the leakage angle is less than or equal to the static repose angle of the particulate material, and is greater than or equal to zero, which ensures that the particulate material will not slide down, and the phenomenon of sand leakage is eliminated. When the sand dispensing operation is being carried out, the leakage angle is greater than or equal to the dynamic repose angle of the particulate material, which ensures that the particulate material will slide down along the inclined plane and that the sand is dispensed relatively uniformly.

The invention claimed is: 
     
       1. A unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device, comprising at least one discharge port, wherein each of the at least one discharge port comprises a lower plate and an upper plate, the upper plate is provided above the lower plate, and an endpoint of a free end of the upper plate is located above the lower plate, an included angle between a horizontal plane and a plane where the endpoint of the free end of the upper plate and an endpoint of a free end of the lower plate are located is a leakage angle, particulate materials form an inclined plane under barrier effect of the upper plate and the lower plate, the inclined plane is located on a same plane as the plane where the endpoint of the free end of the upper plate and the endpoint of the free end of the lower plate are located, an included angle between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane is the leakage angle, which is adjustable by changing relative positions between the upper plate and the lower plate,
 wherein the unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device further comprises a sand storage device, the sand storage device comprises a sand storage bin and a screen, at least one of sand discharging tanks is provided at a lower portion of the sand storage bin, and the screen is provided at an upper opening of each of the at least one of sand discharging tanks, respectively, 
 wherein the unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device further comprises a vibration device, a main beam, a side beam, and a flexible sealing strip; and 
 the sand storage bin is provided on the main beam, the side beam is provided below the main beam, and the side beam is provided with the vibration device and the sand discharging tank, the upper opening of the sand discharging tank is provided below the lower opening of the sand storage bin, and a gap between the sand discharging tank and the sand storage bin is closed by the flexible sealing strip, forming a closed sand passing passage; the vibration device is mounted on one side of the sand discharging tank, and the vibration device is configured to drive the sand discharging tank to vibrate along both upward-downward and forward-backward directions. 
 
     
     
       2. The unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device according to  claim 1 , wherein when the unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device is in a stationary working condition, the leakage angle is less than or equal to a static repose angle of the particulate material, and is greater than or equal to zero; and when the unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device is in a motion working condition, the leakage angle is greater than or equal to a dynamic repose angle of the particulate materials; and
 a sand-passing direction of an opening of a sand passing passage between the upper plate and the lower plate is opposite to a moving direction in a sand dispensing operation. 
 
     
     
       3. The unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device according to  claim 2 , wherein at least two discharge ports are provided, wherein two adjacent discharge ports are arranged in a mirror symmetrical manner; and the two adjacent discharge ports operate alternately. 
     
     
       4. The unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device according to  claim 2 , wherein the unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device further comprises a sand discharging tank, wherein the discharge port is provided at a lower opening of the sand discharging tank, one end of the lower plate is connected to the sand discharging tank, and an opposite end of the lower plate extends downward by a distance and then is bent toward inside of the sand discharging tank to form a bent section of the lower plate; and
 the upper plate is a flat plate, and one end of the upper plate is connected to the sand discharging tank. 
 
     
     
       5. The unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device according to  claim 2 , wherein the unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device further comprises a sand discharging tank, wherein the discharge port is provided at a lower opening of the sand discharging tank, one end of the lower plate is connected to the sand discharging tank, and the opposite end of the lower plate extends downward by a distance and then is bent toward inside of the sand discharging tank to form a bent section of the lower plate; and
 one end of the upper plate is fixedly connected to the sand discharging tank, and an opposite end of the upper plate extends downward by a distance and then is bent toward the inside of the sand discharging tank to form a bent section of the upper plate. 
 
     
     
       6. The unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device according to  claim 1 , wherein at least two discharge ports are provided, wherein two adjacent discharge ports are arranged in a mirror symmetrical manner; and the two adjacent discharge ports operate alternately. 
     
     
       7. The unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device according to  claim 6 , wherein the unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device further comprises a sand discharging tank, wherein the discharge port is provided at a lower opening of the sand discharging tank, one end of the lower plate is connected to the sand discharging tank, and an opposite end of the lower plate extends downward by a distance and then is bent toward inside of the sand discharging tank to form a bent section of the lower plate; and
 the upper plate is a flat plate, and one end of the upper plate is connected to the sand discharging tank. 
 
     
     
       8. The unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device according to  claim 6 , wherein the unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device further comprises a sand discharging tank, wherein the discharge port is provided at a lower opening of the sand discharging tank, one end of the lower plate is connected to the sand discharging tank, and the opposite end of the lower plate extends downward by a distance and then is bent toward inside of the sand discharging tank to form a bent section of the lower plate; and
 one end of the upper plate is fixedly connected to the sand discharging tank, and an opposite end of the upper plate extends downward by a distance and then is bent toward the inside of the sand discharging tank to form a bent section of the upper plate. 
 
     
     
       9. The unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device according to  claim 1 , wherein the unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device further comprises a sand discharging tank, wherein the discharge port is provided at a lower opening of the sand discharging tank, one end of the lower plate is connected to the sand discharging tank, and an opposite end of the lower plate extends downward by a distance and then is bent toward inside of the sand discharging tank to form a bent section of the lower plate; and
 the upper plate is a flat plate, and one end of the upper plate is connected to the sand discharging tank. 
 
     
     
       10. The unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device according to  claim 9 , wherein an included angle between the bent section of the lower plate and the horizontal plane is 0° to 45°. 
     
     
       11. The unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device according to  claim 1 , wherein the unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device further comprises a sand discharging tank, wherein the discharge port is provided at a lower opening of the sand discharging tank, one end of the lower plate is connected to the sand discharging tank, and the opposite end of the lower plate extends downward by a distance and then is bent toward inside of the sand discharging tank to form a bent section of the lower plate; and
 one end of the upper plate is fixedly connected to the sand discharging tank, and an opposite end of the upper plate extends downward by a distance and then is bent toward the inside of the sand discharging tank to form a bent section of the upper plate. 
 
     
     
       12. The unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device according to  claim 11 , wherein an included angle between the bent section of the upper plate and the horizontal plane is 0° to 45°. 
     
     
       13. The unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device according to  claim 11 , wherein the sand discharging tank is arranged along a long axis of the unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device, and the sand discharging tank has a horizontal sectional area gradually decreasing from top to bottom. 
     
     
       14. The unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device according to  claim 11 , wherein the unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device further comprises a mounting plate and pins; and
 the mounting plate is fixedly connected to the sand discharging tank, one end of the lower plate is hinged to the mounting plate, angle scales are provided on the mounting plate, and a plurality of holes  81  for pin positioning are provided in the mounting plate, and both sides of one end of the lower plate are fastened to the mounting plate by the pins. 
 
     
     
       15. The unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device according to  claim 14 , wherein the discharge ports are provided in the number of two, one end of lower plate of one of the discharge ports is combined with one end of lower plate of the other one of the discharge ports to form a splayed shape, and a spring is provided between the one end of one lower plate and the one end of the other lower plate, and the spring is configured such that the degree of the leakage angle is unchanged when the unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device is in a motion working condition. 
     
     
       16. The unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device according to  claim 1 , wherein the unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device further comprises sand pressing plates, and each of the discharge ports corresponds to one of the sand pressing plates, or every two adjacent discharge ports correspond to one of the sand pressing plates; and
 each of the sand pressing plates is horizontally provided on one side of the discharge port, and the sand pressing plate is located below the lower plate, and a chamfer of an end of the sand pressing plate, at one side close to the discharge port, is rounded. 
 
     
     
       17. The unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device according to  claim 1 , wherein the sand storage device further comprises a splitter plate and a screw propulsion device; and the screw propulsion device is provided at a middle portion of the sand storage bin, the splitter plate is provided at a middle portion of a lower opening of the sand storage bin, and both sides of the splitter plate are provided with corresponding sand discharging tanks, respectively. 
     
     
       18. The unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device according to  claim 17 , wherein the splitter plate is a lambdoidal splitter plate extending along a long axis of the unidirectional or bidirectional sand dispensing device.