Method for building farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats

Abstract

A method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats is provided. The method includes: marking out an ecological field plot for planting crops in a farmland, arranging one to three earthworm breeding strip stack(s) at equal intervals, and marking out different planting areas; digging an ecological field ditch surrounding a periphery of the ecological field plot, and planting aquatic plants and breeding aquatic animals in the ecological field ditch; surrounding a periphery of the ecological field ditch with an ecological wide ridge, planting forage plants on a ridge surface of the ecological wide ridge, and planting arbors on an outer side of the ecological wide ridge; and arranging an ecological pond on a drainage side of a hole, wherein aquatic plants are planted in the ecological pond, and crustaceans are bred in the ecological pond.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats, comprising the steps of:
 a. marking out an ecological field plot for planting crops in a farmland, arranging one to three earthworm breeding strip stack(s) at equal intervals according to a length of the ecological field plot, and marking out different planting areas of the ecological field plot by the earthworm breeding strip stack(s); 
 b. digging an ecological field ditch surrounding the ecological field plot at a periphery of the ecological field plot, and planting aquatic plants and breeding aquatic animals in the ecological field ditch; 
 c. surrounding the ecological field ditch with an ecological wide ridge at a periphery of the ecological field ditch, planting forage plants on a ridge surface of the ecological wide ridge, and planting arbors on an outer side of the ecological wide ridge, so as to form a field forest network; and 
 d. arranging an ecological pond on a drainage side of a hole formed by the ecological field plot, the ecological field ditch and the ecological wide ridge, wherein aquatic plants are planted in the ecological pond, and crustaceans are bred in the ecological pond. 
 
     
     
       2. The method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats according to  claim 1 , wherein in the step a., a terrestrial space for breeding poultry is marked out in one area, marked out by the earthworm breeding strip stack(s), of the ecological field plot. 
     
     
       3. The method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats according to  claim 2 , wherein poultry suitable for living on land is bred in the terrestrial space, arbors, shrubs and grass are planted in the terrestrial space, and a poultry house is built in the terrestrial space. 
     
     
       4. The method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats according to  claim 3 , wherein the ecological field ditch is a seasonal shallow ditch or a permanent deep ditch, and a width of the ecological field ditch is no less than 1 m; when the ecological field ditch is the seasonal shallow ditch, a ditch depth is no less than 0.5 m; and when the ecological field ditch is the permanent deep ditch, the ditch depth is no less than 1 m. 
     
     
       5. The method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats according to  claim 2 , wherein ducks are bred on the ecological field plot, a duck house is arranged in a middle of each planting area, marked out by the earthworm breeding strip stack(s), of the ecological field plot, and an escape-proof fence is arranged on a periphery of the ecological wide ridge. 
     
     
       6. The method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats according to  claim 5 , wherein ducks are bred on the ecological field plot, a duck house is arranged in a middle of each planting area, marked out by the earthworm breeding strip stack(s), of the ecological field plot, and an escape-proof fence is arranged on a periphery of the ecological wide ridge. 
     
     
       7. The method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats according to  claim 5 , wherein a width of the ecological wide ridge is no less than 1 m. 
     
     
       8. The method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats according to  claim 7 , wherein no more than ten arbors are planted per mu of farmland. 
     
     
       9. The method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats according to  claim 6 , wherein a width of the ecological wide ridge is no less than 1 m. 
     
     
       10. The method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats according to  claim 9 , wherein no more than ten arbors are planted per mu of farmland. 
     
     
       11. The method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats according to  claim 2 , wherein the ecological field ditch is a seasonal shallow ditch or a permanent deep ditch, and a width of the ecological field ditch is no less than 1 m; when the ecological field ditch is the seasonal shallow ditch, a ditch depth is no less than 0.5 m; and when the ecological field ditch is the permanent deep ditch, the ditch depth is no less than 1 m. 
     
     
       12. The method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats according to  claim 1 , wherein ducks are bred on the ecological field plot, a duck house is arranged in a middle of each planting area, marked out by the earthworm breeding strip stack(s) of the ecological field plot, and an escape-proof fence is arranged on a periphery of the ecological wide ridge. 
     
     
       13. The method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats according to  claim 12 , wherein a width of the ecological wide ridge is no less than 1 m. 
     
     
       14. The method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats according to  claim 13 , wherein no more than ten arbors are planted per mu of farmland. 
     
     
       15. The method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats according to  claim 14 , wherein the ecological field ditch is a seasonal shallow ditch or a permanent deep ditch, and a width of the ecological field ditch is no less than 1 m; when the ecological field ditch is the seasonal shallow ditch, a ditch depth is no less than 0.5 m; and when the ecological field ditch is the permanent deep ditch, the ditch depth is no less than 1 m. 
     
     
       16. The method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats according to  claim 13 , wherein the ecological field ditch is a seasonal shallow ditch or a permanent deep ditch, and a width of the ecological field ditch is no less than 1 m; when the ecological field ditch is the seasonal shallow ditch, a ditch depth is no less than 0.5 m; and when the ecological field ditch is the permanent deep ditch, the ditch depth is no less than 1 m. 
     
     
       17. The method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats according to  claim 1 , wherein the ecological field ditch is a seasonal shallow ditch or a permanent deep ditch, and a width of the ecological field ditch is no less than 1 m; when the ecological field ditch is the seasonal shallow ditch, a ditch depth is no less than 0.5 m; and when the ecological field ditch is the permanent deep ditch, the ditch depth is no less than 1 m. 
     
     
       18. The method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats according to  claim 1 , wherein the earthworm breeding strip stack(s) is/are in a strip shape and is higher than a surface of the ecological field plot, and a spray irrigation or drip irrigation apparatus for replenishing water for earthworm breeding is arranged on the earthworm breeding strip stack(s); and a plastic film or a rain shelter that is used for guaranteeing suitable humidity for growth of earthworms is arranged on a surface of the earthworm breeding strip stack(s). 
     
     
       19. The method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats according to  claim 1 , wherein an ecological island is arranged in a center of the ecological pond, seed arbors, shrubs and grass are on the ecological island, and the aquatic animals bred in the ecological pond are the crustaceans. 
     
     
       20. The method for building a farmland ecosystem with multiple mutual-benefit species in multiple habitats according to  claim 19 , wherein a connection band is arranged at a joint between the ecological pond and the ecological wide ridge, and a filling material for adsorbing nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland tail water is arranged in the connection band.