Battery with a fire protection device and motor vehicle

Abstract

A battery with a fire protection device, wherein the battery includes a plurality of battery cells and a battery housing, wherein a respective battery cell is arranged in an interior space of the battery housing. The fire protection device includes a composite layer with a thermal insulation layer and with a protective layer arranged on the insulation layer, wherein the composite layer is arranged on a battery housing interior side facing the interior space of the battery housing, and the insulation layer is arranged as an intermediate layer between a surface of the battery housing interior side and the protective layer and is protected by the protective layer against a gas and/or flame stream exiting the respective battery cell in the event of damage, whereby its thermally insulating properties are maintained.

The invention claimed is: 
     
       1. A battery with a fire protection device, wherein the battery comprises:
 a plurality of battery cells, wherein each battery cell of the plurality of battery cells has a predetermined breakthrough site comprising a predefined weak point that is configured to burst after a damage event occurs in the respective battery cell and after each battery cell interior pressure exceeds a damage-induced battery cell interior pressure threshold of between five to ten bars; and 
 a battery housing, wherein a respective battery cell is arranged in an interior space of the battery housing, wherein the fire protection device further comprises: 
 a composite layer with a thermal insulation layer and with a protective layer arranged on the insulation layer, wherein the composite layer is arranged on a battery housing interior side facing the interior space of the battery housing, and the insulation layer is arranged as an intermediate layer between a surface of the battery housing interior side and the protective layer and is protected by the protective layer against a gas and/or flame stream exiting the respective battery cell in the event of damage, whereby its thermally insulating properties are maintained, each predetermined breakthrough site is arranged on a side of the respective battery cell facing the composite layer, and wherein, after the damage event, the gas and/or flame stream first exits from each predetermined breakthrough site into the interior space and hits the composite layer. 
 
     
     
       2. The battery according to  claim 1 , wherein a form and/or orientation of the surface and/or a pressure gradient in the interior space is/are designed to guide the gas and/or flame stream along a predetermined path, wherein the fire protection device further comprises:
 a catch container for catching the gas and/or flame stream guided toward the catch container and/or particles transported in the gas and/or flame stream, and the composite layer is arranged along the path. 
 
     
     
       3. The battery according to  claim 1 , wherein the insulation layer is made of an intumescent material, wherein a temperature occurring in the event of damage triggers an intumescence-induced volume increase of the insulation layer. 
     
     
       4. The battery according to  claim 1 , wherein the protective layer is made of a glass fiber fabric and/or a metallic scrim or knitted fabric and/or of a metallic film. 
     
     
       5. The battery according to  claim 1 , wherein the protective layer is integrated in a material of the insulation layer. 
     
     
       6. The battery according to  claim 1 , wherein the insulation layer has a thickness of 0.5 to 1 millimeter. 
     
     
       7. The battery according to  claim 1 , wherein the gas and/or flame stream has a temperature of 600 to 1100 degrees Celsius, which is dependent on the chemistry of each battery cell. 
     
     
       8. The battery according to  claim 2 , wherein the insulation layer is made of an intumescent material, wherein a temperature occurring in the event of damage triggers an intumescence-induced volume increase of the insulation layer. 
     
     
       9. The battery according to  claim 2 , wherein the protective layer is made of a glass fiber fabric and/or a metallic scrim or knitted fabric and/or of a metallic film. 
     
     
       10. The battery according to  claim 3 , wherein the protective layer is made of a glass fiber fabric and/or a metallic scrim or knitted fabric and/or of a metallic film. 
     
     
       11. The battery according to  claim 2 , wherein the protective layer is integrated in a material of the insulation layer. 
     
     
       12. The battery according to  claim 3 , wherein the protective layer is integrated in a material of the insulation layer. 
     
     
       13. The battery according to  claim 4 , wherein the protective layer is integrated in a material of the insulation layer.