Frictional damper

Abstract

A frictional damper includes a housing having a longitudinal axis, a tappet which is movable along the longitudinal axis, a frictional unit for generating a direction-dependent frictional force on the tappet, wherein the frictional unit includes at least one friction lining lying rubbingly against the tappet, and a switching unit for variably setting the frictional force.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A frictional damper comprising:
 a. a housing having a longitudinal axis, 
 b. a tappet which is movable along the longitudinal axis, 
 c. a frictional unit for generating a direction-dependent frictional force on the tappet, wherein the frictional unit comprises at least one friction lining lying rubbingly against the tappet, 
 d. a switching unit for variably setting a magnitude of the frictional force; wherein the switching unit has a switchable actuator and a locking element which is coupled mechanically to the actuator; 
 e. a failsafe unit for a failsafe function of the frictional damper for arranging the locking element in a locked arrangement on the friction lining carrier in such a manner that a maximal direction-independent frictional force is in effect. 
 
     
     
       2. The frictional damper according to  claim 1 , wherein the frictional unit comprises a friction lining carrier on which the at least one friction lining is held, wherein the friction lining carrier is arranged such that it is movable relative to the tappet between a pulled-out position and a pushed-in position. 
     
     
       3. The frictional damper according to  claim 1 , wherein the friction lining is arranged in the housing such that it is tiltable about a tilting axis, wherein the tilting axis is arranged transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis. 
     
     
       4. The frictional damper according to  claim 1 , wherein the friction lining carrier has at least one friction lining receptacle in which the at least one friction lining is arranged. 
     
     
       5. The frictional damper according to  claim 1 , comprising two friction linings which each have a half-shell contour. 
     
     
       6. The frictional damper according to  claim 1 , wherein the friction lining carrier has a through opening, through which the tappet is guided. 
     
     
       7. The frictional damper according to  claim 6 , wherein the through opening has a contour which is asymmetrical at least in sections perpendicularly with respect to the longitudinal axis. 
     
     
       8. The frictional damper according to  claim 6 , wherein the through opening has a first through opening section and a second through opening section, wherein the first through opening section and the second through opening section each have a section longitudinal axis, said section longitudinal axes being arranged inclined by an angle of inclination with respect to one another. 
     
     
       9. The frictional damper according to  claim 6 , wherein the friction lining receptacle is configured as a depression in the through opening. 
     
     
       10. The frictional damper according to  claim 1 , wherein the frictional damper has a first fastening element, which is arranged on the housing, and a second fastening element, which is arranged on the tappet, for the fastening to parts which are movable with respect to one another. 
     
     
       11. The frictional damper according to  claim 1 , wherein the locking element has at least one contact surface with which the locking element lies against at least one locking surface of the friction lining carrier in the locked arrangement. 
     
     
       12. The frictional damper according to  claim 1 , wherein the locking element is in the form of a sliding element which is movable linearly. 
     
     
       13. A frictional damper comprising:
 a. a housing having a longitudinal axis, 
 b. a tappet which is movable along the longitudinal axis, 
 c. a frictional unit for generating a direction-dependent frictional force on the tappet, wherein the frictional unit comprises at least one friction lining lying rubbingly against the tappet, 
 d. a switching unit for variably setting a magnitude of the frictional force; wherein the switching unit has a switchable actuator and a locking element which is coupled mechanically to the actuator; the locking element is in the form of a sliding element which is moveable perpendicularly with respect to the tilting axis. 
 
     
     
       14. A frictional damper comprising:
 a. a housing having a longitudinal axis, 
 b. a tappet which is movable along the longitudinal axis, 
 c. a frictional unit for generating a direction-dependent frictional force on the tappet, wherein the frictional unit comprises at least one friction lining lying rubbingly against the tappet, 
 d. a switching unit for variably setting a magnitude of the frictional force; wherein the switching unit has a switchable actuator and a locking element which is coupled mechanically to the actuator; wherein the locking element has a recess for collision-free moving of the locking element along the longitudinal axis. 
 
     
     
       15. A frictional damper comprising
 a. a housing having a longitudinal axis, 
 b. a tappet which is movable along the longitudinal axis, 
 c. a frictional unit for generating a direction-dependent frictional force on the tappet, wherein the frictional unit comprises at least one friction lining lying rubbingly against the tappet, 
 d. a switching unit for variably setting the frictional force, wherein the switching unit has a switchable actuator and a locking element which is coupled mechanically to the actuator, wherein the locking element is in the form of a sliding element which is movable linearly. 
 
     
     
       16. The frictional damper according to  claim 15 , wherein the frictional unit comprises a friction lining carrier on which the at least one friction lining is held, wherein the friction lining carrier is arranged such that it is movable relative to the tappet between a pulled-out position and a pushed-in position. 
     
     
       17. The frictional damper according to  claim 15 , wherein the friction lining is arranged in the housing such that it is tiltable about a tilting axis, wherein the tilting axis is arranged transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis. 
     
     
       18. The frictional damper according to  claim 15 , wherein the friction lining carrier has at least one friction lining receptacle in which the at least one friction lining is arranged. 
     
     
       19. The frictional damper according to  claim 15 , comprising two friction linings which each have a half-shell contour. 
     
     
       20. The frictional damper according to  claim 15 , wherein the friction lining carrier has a through opening, through which the tappet is guided. 
     
     
       21. The frictional damper according to  claim 20 , wherein the through opening has a contour which is asymmetrical at least in sections perpendicularly with respect to the longitudinal axis. 
     
     
       22. The frictional damper according to  claim 20 , wherein the through opening has a first through opening section and a second through opening section, wherein the first through opening section and the second through opening section each have a section longitudinal axis, said section longitudinal axes being arranged inclined by an angle of inclination with respect to one another. 
     
     
       23. The frictional damper according to  claim 20 , wherein the friction lining receptacle is configured as a depression in the through opening. 
     
     
       24. The frictional damper according to  claim 15 , wherein the frictional damper has a first fastening element, which is arranged on the housing, and a second fastening element, which is arranged on the tappet, for the fastening to parts which are movable with respect to one another. 
     
     
       25. The frictional damper according to  claim 15 , wherein the locking element has at least one contact surface with which the locking element lies against at least one locking surface of the friction lining carrier in the locked arrangement.