3D printer for additive manufacturing of a multilayer component, printing method and component

Abstract

In an embodiment a 3D printer for additive manufacturing of a multilayer component includes a work surface, at least two movable dispensers configured to coat the work surface with one of at least two different raw materials in each case, wherein at least a part of the respective raw material is addable to the component as a layer in a manufacturing step, and at least two movable recovering devices configured to selectively recover the respective raw material which is not consumed when a layer is added to the component and return the recovered raw material to a respective associated dispenser.

The invention claimed is: 
     
       1. A 3D printer for additive manufacturing of a multilayer component, the 3D printer comprising:
 a work surface; 
 at least two movable dispensers configured to coat the work surface with one of at least two different raw materials in each case, wherein at least a part of the respective raw material is addable to the component as a layer in a manufacturing step; and 
 at least two movable recovering devices configured to:
 selectively recover the respective raw material which is not consumed when the layer is added to the component; and 
 return the recovered raw material to a respective associated dispenser, 
 
 wherein the at least two dispensers and the at least two recovering devices are implemented in one single element of the 3D printer. 
 
     
     
       2. The 3D printer according to  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a window in the work surface, the window being permeable to radiation; 
 a radiation source arranged under the window, the radiation source configured to irradiate raw material through the window so that the raw material is cured; 
 a building plate configured to receive the component at an underside, the building plate being arranged above the work surface and parallel thereto, and configured to be raised and lowered normal to the work surface; and 
 a positioning system configured to:
 raise and lower the building plate normal to the work surface; and 
 determine a distance between the component and the work surface. 
 
 
     
     
       3. The 3D printer according to  claim 1 , wherein each of the raw materials includes a paste comprising either a ceramic, a metallic, or an organic powder and a photopolymerizable organic binder. 
     
     
       4. The 3D printer according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least two dispensers comprise a container configured to store raw material and a coating device configured to coat the work surface with raw material. 
     
     
       5. The 3D printer according to  claim 1 , further comprising at least two troughs placed at different edges of the work surface, wherein the movable recovering devices are configured to push unused raw material into an associated trough. 
     
     
       6. The 3D printer according to  claim 1 , further comprising at least one cleaning device configured to clean at least one of the raw materials from the component. 
     
     
       7. The 3D printer according to  claim 6 , wherein the cleaning device is movable laterally along a surface of the component by a drive system. 
     
     
       8. The 3D printer according to  claim 6 , further comprising a return device provided for each of the cleaning devices, wherein each return device comprises a conveying device configured to return the recovered raw material to a respectively associated dispenser. 
     
     
       9. A 3D printer for additive manufacturing of a multilayer component, the 3D printer comprising:
 a work surface; 
 at least two movable dispensers configured to coat the work surface with one of at least two different raw materials in each case, wherein at least a part of the respective raw material is addable to the component as a layer in a manufacturing step; and 
 at least two movable recovering devices configured to:
 selectively recover the respective raw material which is not consumed when the layer is added to the component; and 
 return the recovered raw material to a respective associated dispenser, 
 
 wherein the at least two dispensers and the at least two recovering devices are laterally movable over the work surface. 
 
     
     
       10. A 3D printer for additive manufacturing of a multilayer component, the 3D printer comprising:
 a work surface; 
 at least two movable dispensers configured to coat the work surface with one of at least two different raw materials in each case, wherein at least a part of the respective raw material is addable to the component as a layer in a manufacturing step; 
 at least two movable recovering devices configured to:
 selectively recover the respective raw material which is not consumed when the layer is added to the component; 
 return the recovered raw material to a respective associated dispenser; 
 
 at least one cleaning device configured to clean at least one of the raw materials from the component; and 
 a return device provided for each of the cleaning devices, wherein each return device comprises a conveying device configured to return the recovered raw material to a respectively associated dispenser. 
 
     
     
       11. The 3D printer according to  claim 10 , wherein the at least two dispensers and the at least two of the recovering device are implemented in one element. 
     
     
       12. The 3D printer according to  claim 10 , wherein the at least two dispensers are implemented in one element. 
     
     
       13. The 3D printer according to  claim 10 , wherein the at least two recovering devices are implemented in one element.