Radiomic signature of an epicardial region

Abstract

A method for characterising an epicardial region using medical imaging data of a subject. The method comprises calculating the value of an epicardial radiomic signature of the epicardial region using the medical imaging data. Also disclosed is a method for deriving an epicardial radiomic signature indicative of cardiac health. The method comprises using a radiomic dataset to construct an epicardial radiomic signature. Also disclosed are systems for performing the aforementioned methods.

The invention claimed is: 
     
       1. A method for characterising an epicardial region comprising epicardial tissue, the method comprising calculating the value of an epicardial radiomic signature of the epicardial region using medical imaging data;
 wherein the epicardial radiomic signature is calculated on the basis of measured values of a plurality of epicardial radiomic features of the epicardial region, the measured values of the epicardial radiomic features being calculated from the medical imaging data; and 
 wherein the epicardial radiomic signature provides a measure of the texture of the epicardial tissue. 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the epicardial radiomic signature is indicative of cardiac health. 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 1 or 2 , wherein the epicardial radiomic signature is predictive of the likelihood of the subject developing a cardiac condition, optionally wherein the cardiac condition is heart arrhythmia. 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 1 or 2 , wherein the epicardial radiomic signature is predictive of the likelihood of the subject experiencing stroke. 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 4 , wherein the epicardial region comprises a peri-atrial region, optionally wherein the peri atrial region comprises the intra-atrial septum epicardial region and the anterior left or right atrium epicardial region. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of epicardial radiomic features comprises at least two epicardial radiomic features selected from the epicardial radiomic features of groups 1 to 15, wherein the at least two epicardial radiomic features are each selected from different groups, and wherein:
 group 1 consists of Inverse Difference Moment HHH, Inverse Difference Normalized HHH, Contrast HHH (GLCM), Range HHH, Complexity HHH, Maximum HHH, Large Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis HHH, and Short Run Low Gray Level Emphasis HHH; 
 group 2 consists of Minimum LHH, Long Run Low Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Short Run High Gray Level Emphasis LHH, High Gray Level Emphasis LHH, High Gray Level Run Emphasis LHH, Small Area High Gray Level Emphasis LHH, High Gray Level Zone Emphasis LHH, Autocorrelation LHH, Joint Average LHH, Sum Average LHH, Short Run Low Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Long Run High Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Range LHH, Low Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Low Gray Level Run Emphasis LHH, Large Dependence Low Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Low Gray Level Zone Emphasis LHH, Small Area Low Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Complexity LHH, Large Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Cluster Prominence LHH, Gray Level Variance LHH (GLSZM), and Maximum LHH; 
 group 3 consists of Low Gray Level Zone Emphasis LLL, Short Run Low Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Low Gray Level Run Emphasis LLL, Low Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Long Run Low Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Small Area Low Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Small Dependence Low Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Large Area Low Gray Level Emphasis LLL, and Large Dependence Low Gray Level Emphasis LLL; 
 group 4 consists of Maximum Probability LLL, Joint Energy LLL, Joint Entropy LLL, Maximum Probability, Joint Energy, Joint Entropy, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized, Energy LHL, Uniformity, Size Zone Non Uniformity, Sum Entropy, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized, Entropy, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LLL, Uniformity LLL, Mean, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LLL, Root Mean Squared, Interquartile Range, Sum Entropy LLL, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation, Size Zone Non Uniformity HLL, Size Zone Non Uniformity LHL, 10th Percentile, Energy HHL, Median, Dependence Non Uniformity LHL, Entropy LLL, Mean Absolute Deviation, Energy LLH, Run Entropy LLL, Interquartile Range LLL, Size Zone Non Uniformity LLH, Energy HLL, Sum of Squares, Dependence Non Uniformity HLL, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation LLL, 10th Percentile LLL, Energy LHH, Dependence Non Uniformity, and Run Entropy; 
 group 5 consists of Busyness LHH, Strength LHH, Strength HHH, Busyness HHH, Busyness LHL, and Large Area Low Gray Level Emphasis LHH; 
 group 6 consists of Zone Entropy LLL, Dependence Entropy LLL, Root Mean Squared LLL, Mean LLL, Run Entropy, Dependence Entropy, Median LLL, Median, Mean, 10th Percentile LLL, Uniformity, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized (GLDM), Root Mean Squared, 90th Percentile, Entropy, 10th Percentile, Interquartile Range LLL, Run Entropy LLL, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation LLL, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LLL (GLDM), and Uniformity LLL; 
 group 7 consists of Run Entropy LLL, Entropy LLL, Mean Absolute Deviation LLL, Mean Absolute Deviation, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation LLL, Variance, Gray Level Variance (GLDM), Gray Level Variance LLL (GLDM), Variance LLL, Gray Level Variance LLL (GLSZM), Gray Level Variance (GLZM), Interquartile Range, Interquartile Range LLL, Entropy, Gray Level Variance LLL (GLDM), Root Mean Squared, Run Entropy, Gray Level Variance (GLDM), Sum Entropy, Sum of Squares, Sum Entropy LLL, Sum of Squares LLL, Cluster Tendency, Cluster Tendency LLL, Joint Entropy, Root Mean Squared LLL, Contrast (GLCM), Joint Entropy LLL, Cluster Prominence, Cluster Prominence LLL, Low Gray Level Emphasis, Short Run Low Gray Level Emphasis, Low Gray Level Run Emphasis, Long Run Low Gray Level Emphasis, Zone Entropy LLL, Low Gray Level Zone Emphasis, Uniformity LLL, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LLL (GLDM), Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LLL (GLSZM), 10th Percentile, 10th Percentile LLL, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized (GLDM), Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized (GLSZM), Mean, Uniformity, Joint Energy, Median, Joint Energy LLL, Maximum Probability, Mean LLL, and Maximum Probability LLL; 
 group 8 consists of Maximum 3D Diameter, Maximum 2D Diameter Slice, Maximum 2D Diameter Column, and Major Axis; 
 group 9 consists of Long Run High Gray Level Emphasis LLL, High Gray Level Emphasis LLL, High Gray Level Run Emphasis LLL, High Gray Level Zone Emphasis LLL, Short Run High Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Autocorrelation LLL, Joint Average LLL, Small Area High Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Minimum LLL, Large Dependence Low Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Large Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Large Area High Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Large Area Low Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Long Run Low Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Low Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Low Gray Level Run Emphasis LLL, and Short Run Low Gray Level Emphasis LLL; 
 group 10 consists of Joint Average LLL, Autocorrelation LLL, Long Run High Gray Level Emphasis LLL, High Gray Level Emphasis LLL, High Gray Level Run Emphasis LLL, High Gray Level Zone Emphasis LLL, Short Run High Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Small Area High Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Minimum LLL, Large Dependence Low Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Large Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Large Area High Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Large Area Low Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Long Run Low Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Low Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Low Gray Level Run Emphasis LLL, Short Run Low Gray Level Emphasis LLL, and Low Gray Level Zone Emphasis LLL; 
 group 11 consists of Difference Entropy LLL, Difference Average LLL, Contrast LLL (NGTDM), Difference Entropy, Inverse Difference LLL, Contrast (GLCM), Difference Variance, Inverse Difference Moment LLL, Difference Average, Inverse Variance LLL, Inverse Variance, Difference Variance LLL, Inverse Difference, Inverse Difference Moment, Inverse Difference Moment Normalized, Inverse Difference Normalized, Contrast (GNGTDM), Joint Entropy, Sum Entropy LHL, Joint Energy LHL, Run Entropy LHL, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized LLL, Small Area Emphasis LLL, Short Run Emphasis, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized, Small Area Emphasis, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LHL (GLSZM), Joint Entropy LHL, Short Run Emphasis LLL, Small Dependence Emphasis LLL, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized LLL, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LHL (GLDM), Small Dependence Emphasis, Entropy LHL, Long Run Emphasis LLL, Mean Absolute Deviation LHL, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation LHL, Uniformity LHL, Interquartile Range LHL, Joint Energy, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized LLL, Run Percentage LLL, Zone Percentage LLL, Long Run Emphasis, Sum of Squares LHL, Complexity LLL, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized, Run Percentage, Zone Percentage, Cluster Tendency LHL, Run Variance LLL, Large Dependence Emphasis LLL, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized, Run Variance, Gray Level Variance LHL (GLDM), Large Area Emphasis LLL, Variance LHL, Gray Level Variance LHL (GLSZM), Large Dependence Emphasis, Large Area Emphasis, Maximum Probability LHL, Root Mean Squared LHL, Difference Entropy LHL, Gray Level Variance LHL (GLRLM), Zone Variance LLL, Dependence Variance LLL, Inverse Difference LHL, Inverse Difference Moment LHL, Zone Variance, Large Area High Gray Level Emphasis, 90th Percentile LHL, Sum Entropy LLH, Difference Average LHL, Sum of Squares, Dependence Entropy LHH, Contrast LHL (GLCM), Joint Energy HLL, Difference Entropy HLL, Difference Variance LHL, Dependence Variance, Maximum Probability HLL, Complexity, Joint Entropy HLL, Joint Energy LLL, Sum Entropy LHH, Inverse Variance LHL, 90th Percentile LLH, Inverse Difference HLL, Inverse Difference Moment HLL, Difference Variance HLL, Cluster Tendency LHH, Difference Average HLL, Cluster Tendency LLH, Contrast HLL (GLCM), Run Entropy LHH, Inverse Variance HLL, Joint Energy LLH, Joint Energy HHL, Joint Entropy LLL, Run Entropy LLH, Joint Entropy LLH, Large Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis, Maximum Probability HHL, Joint Entropy HHL, Sum Entropy HHL, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized HLL (GLDM), Robust Mean Absolute Deviation LLH, Uniformity HLL, Cluster Prominence LHL, Complexity LHL, Entropy LLH, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LLH (GLDM), Mean Absolute Deviation LLH, Run Entropy HHL, Uniformity LLH, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LLH (GLSZM), Interquartile Range HLL, Interquartile Range LLH, Maximum Probability LLH, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation HLL, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized HHL (GLDM), Long Run Emphasis LHL, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation HHL, Run Variance LHL, Uniformity HHL, Interquartile Range HHL, Joint Entropy LHH, Sum of Squares LLH, 10th Percentile HHL, 90th Percentile HHL, Entropy HHL, Cluster Tendency HHL, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized HLL (GLSZM), Mean Absolute Deviation HHL, 10th Percentile LHL, Difference Entropy HHL, Sum of Squares HHL, Contrast LLL (GLCM), Gray Level Variance HHL (GLDM), Variance HHL, Entropy HLL, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized HHL (GLSZM), Gray Level Variance HHL (GLSZM), Inverse Difference HHL, Joint Energy LHH, Root Mean Squared HHL, Short Run Emphasis LHL, Sum of Squares LHH, 10th Percentile LHH, Inverse Difference Moment HHL, Mean Absolute Deviation LHH, Run Percentage LHL, Zone Percentage LHL, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized LHL, Entropy LHH, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LHH (GLSZM), Large Dependence Emphasis LHL, Interquartile Range LHH, Maximum Probability LHH, Small Dependence Emphasis LHL, Uniformity LHH, Large Area Emphasis LHL, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation LHH, Root Mean Squared LLH, Difference Average HHL, Small Dependence Low Gray Level Emphasis, Entropy LLL, Gray Level Variance (GLDM), Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized LHL, Variance, Zone Variance LHL, Cluster Prominence HHL, Dependence Variance LHL, Gray Level Variance LHH (GLDM), Root Mean Squared LHH, Gray Level Variance (GLSZM), Variance LHH, Contrast HHL (GLCM), Dependence Entropy HHL, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized LHL, Small Area Emphasis LHL, Sum Entropy HHH, Difference Variance HHL, Gray Level Variance HHL (GLRLM), Dependence Entropy LHL, Gray Level Variance LLH (GLSZM), Run Entropy HLL, Variance LLH, 90th Percentile LHH, Mean Absolute Deviation HLL, Gray Level Variance LLH (GLDM), Cluster Tendency HHH, Difference Entropy LLH, Inverse Difference Moment LLH, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LHH (GLDM), Inverse Difference LLH, Mean Absolute Deviation, and 90th Percentile HLL; 
 group 12 consists of Sum Entropy HHH, Cluster Tendency HHH, Cluster Prominence HHH, Joint Entropy HHH, Joint Energy HHH, Difference Entropy HHH, Difference Variance HHH, Sum of Squares HHH, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized HHH (GLSZM), Uniformity HHH, Entropy HHH, Gray Level Variance HHH (GLDM), Gray Level Variance HHH (GLSZM), Root Mean Squared HHH, Variance HHH, Mean Absolute Deviation HHH, 10th Percentile HHH, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation HHH, 90th Percentile HHH, Interquartile Range HHH, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized HHH (GLDM), Gray Level Variance HHH (GLRLM), Sum Entropy LHH, Joint Entropy HHL, Difference Entropy HHL, Cluster Tendency LHH, Joint Energy HHL, Long Run Emphasis HHL, Maximum Probability HHL, Short Run Emphasis HHL, Large Area Low Gray Level Emphasis HHL, Sum Entropy HHL, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized HHL, Sum of Squares HHL, Difference Variance HHL, Joint Entropy LHH, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized HHL, Cluster Tendency HHL, Contrast HHL (GLCM), Difference Average HHL, Inverse Difference HHL, Large Dependence Emphasis HHL, Run Percentage HHL, Run Variance HHL, Small Area Emphasis HHL, Inverse Difference Moment HHL, Small Dependence Emphasis HHL, Sum of Squares LHH, Gray Level Variance LHH (GLDM), Root Mean Squared HHL, Variance HHL, Difference Variance LHH, Entropy HHL, Gray Level Variance HHL (GLDM), Gray Level Variance HHL (GLSZM), Gray Level Variance LHH (GLSZM), Mean Absolute Deviation HHL, Root Mean Squared LHH, Variance LHH, Joint Energy HLH, 90th Percentile HHL, Joint Energy LHH, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized HHL, Entropy LHH, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized HHL (GLSZM), Joint Entropy HLH, Uniformity HHL, Cluster Prominence HHL, Cluster Prominence LHH, Mean Absolute Deviation LHH, 10th Percentile HHL, Maximum Probability HLH, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation HHL, Difference Entropy LHH, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LHH (GLSZM), Maximum Probability LHH, Zone Percentage HHL, Uniformity LHH, Interquartile Range HHL, 90th Percentile LHH, Dependence Variance HHL, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation LHH, Interquartile Range LHH, Run Entropy LHH, Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis HHL, Sum Entropy HLH, Contrast LHH (GLCM), 10th Percentile LHH, Gray Level Variance HHL (GLRLM), Cluster Tendency HLH, Run Entropy HHH, Small Area Emphasis HLH, Difference Entropy HLL, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized HHL (GLDM), Large Dependence Low Gray Level Emphasis HHL, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized HLH, Inverse Difference HLH, Long Run Emphasis HLH, Sum of Squares HLH, Run Entropy HHL, Small Area Emphasis HLL, Inverse Difference Moment HLH, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized HLL, Short Run Emphasis HLH, Small Dependence Emphasis HLL, Difference Variance HLL, Large Dependence Emphasis HLL, Difference Average LHH, Difference Variance HLH, Gray Level Variance HLH (GLDM), Root Mean Squared HLH, Run Percentage HLL, Short Run Emphasis HLL, Variance HLH, Gray Level Variance HLH (GLSZM), Long Run Emphasis HLL, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized HLL, Zone Percentage HLL, 10th Percentile HLH, Cluster Prominence HLH, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized HLL, Entropy HLH, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LHH (GLDM), Small Dependence Emphasis HLH, Difference Average HLH, Mean Absolute Deviation HLH, Run Variance HLH, Run Variance HLL, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation HLH, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized HLH (GLSZM), Uniformity HLH, Interquartile Range HLH, Joint Entropy HLL, Inverse Difference Moment LHH, Joint Energy HLL, Large Area Emphasis HLL, Small Dependence Emphasis, Complexity HHL, Dependence Variance HLL, Large Area Emphasis HHL, 90th Percentile HLH, Inverse Difference LHH, Run Percentage HLH, Run Variance, Zone Percentage, Contrast HLH (GLCM), Long Run Emphasis, Large Area Emphasis, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized HLH, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized, Small Area Emphasis, Large Dependence Emphasis HLH, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized, Large Dependence Emphasis, Run Percentage, Short Run Emphasis, Zone Percentage HLH, Zone Variance HLL, Contrast HLL (GLCM), Large Area Low Gray Level Emphasis HLH, Zone Variance, Difference Average HLL, Gray Level Variance LHH (GLRLM), Inverse Difference HLL, Dependence Entropy HHH, Difference Entropy, Inverse Difference Moment HLL, Joint Energy LHL, Joint Energy LLH, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized, Zone Variance HHL, Difference Entropy LHL, Small Area High Gray Level Emphasis HHL, Maximum Probability HLL, Gray Level Variance HLH (GLRLM), Inverse Variance, Dependence Entropy LHH, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized HLH_GLSDM, Inverse Difference LHL, Inverse Difference Moment LHL, Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis HLH, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized HLH, Joint Entropy LHL, Long Run Emphasis LHL, Run Variance LHL, Inverse Difference Moment LLH, Joint Entropy LLH, Large Dependence Emphasis LHL, Dependence Variance, Dependence Variance LHL, Inverse Difference LLH, Maximum Probability LHL, Difference Average, Run Entropy HLH, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized LHL, Difference Entropy LLH, Large Area Emphasis LHL, Maximum Probability LLH, Contrast (GLCM), Run Percentage LHL, Short Run Emphasis LHL, Short Run High Gray Level Emphasis HHL, Sum Entropy LLH, Long Run Low Gray Level Emphasis HHL, Short Run Emphasis LHH, Small Dependence Emphasis LHH, Zone Percentage LHL, Zone Variance LHL, Inverse Difference, Inverse Difference Moment, Small Dependence Emphasis LHL, Zone Percentage LHH, Inverse Variance HLL, Large Dependence Low Gray Level Emphasis HLH, Difference Average LHL, Small Area High Gray Level Emphasis HHH, Run Variance LLH, Difference Variance LHL, Large Area Low Gray Level Emphasis HLL, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized LHL, Contrast LHL (GLCM), Dependence Variance HLH, Inverse Difference Normalized, Maximum LLL, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized LHH, Inverse Difference Moment Normalized, Long Run Emphasis LLH, Size Zone Non Uniformity HHH, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized LHL, Small Area Emphasis LHL, Interquartile Range LHL, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LHL (GLSZM), Run Percentage LHH, Small Area High Gray Level Emphasis HLH, Uniformity LHL, Difference Average LLH, Difference Variance, Large Area High Gray Level Emphasis, Long Run Emphasis LHH, Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis HHH, High Gray Level Run Emphasis HHL, Range HHL, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation LHL, High Gray Level Emphasis HHL, Inverse Variance LHL, Inverse Variance LLH, Uniformity HLL, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized HLL_GLSDM, Large Dependence Emphasis LLH, Entropy LHL, Sum of Squares LLH, Interquartile Range HLL, Interquartile Range LLH, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation HLL, Sum Entropy LHL, 90th Percentile LLH, Complexity, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized LLH, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LHL (GLDM), Robust Mean Absolute Deviation LLH, Run Percentage LLH, Small Dependence Emphasis LLH, Entropy HLL, High Gray Level Zone Emphasis HHL, Short Run Emphasis LLH, Uniformity LLH, Zone Percentage LLH, Dependence Variance LLH, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LLH (GLSZM), Mean Absolute Deviation LHL, Sum of Squares LHL, Contrast LLH (GLCM), Large Area Low Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Entropy LLH, Cluster Tendency LLH, Mean Absolute Deviation LLH, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized LLH, Small Area Emphasis LLH, Complexity HLH, High Gray Level Run Emphasis HHH, Large Area Emphasis LLH, Large Dependence Emphasis LHH, Difference Variance LLH, Informational Measure of Correlation 1, Large Area Low Gray Level Emphasis LHL, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized LLH, Run Variance LHH, Complexity HLL, Large Dependence Emphasis LLL, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized LLL, Short Run High Gray Level Emphasis HLH, Run Entropy LHL, Small Dependence Emphasis LLL, Dependence Variance LLL, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized HLL (GLDM), Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LLH (GLDM), Gray Level Variance LHL (GLDM), High Gray Level Zone Emphasis HHH, Large Area Emphasis HLH, Large Area Emphasis LLL, Long Run Emphasis LLL, Mean Absolute Deviation HLL, Run Percentage LLL, Short Run Emphasis LLL, Zone Percentage LLL, Zone Variance LLH, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized LLL, Variance LHL, Complexity LHL, Gray Level Variance LHL (GLSZM), Long Run Low Gray Level Emphasis HLH, Run Variance LLL, Zone Variance LLL, Range HHH, Small Area Emphasis LLL, Sum of Squares HLL, Variance HLL, Gray Level Variance HLL (GLSZM), Gray Level Variance HLL (GLDM), Inverse Difference Moment LLL, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized HHH, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized LLL, Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Inverse Difference LLL, Minimum HHH, Minimum HHL, Run Entropy LLH, Small Area Emphasis HHH, 10th Percentile HLL, Inverse Variance LLL, High Gray Level Emphasis HHH, Root Mean Squared LLH, Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis HLL, Gray Level Variance LHL (GLRLM), Gray Level Variance LLH (GLDM), Autocorrelation HHL, Variance LLH, 10th Percentile LHL, Maximum HHL, Short Run High Gray Level Emphasis HHH, Gray Level Variance LLH (GLSZM), Sum Entropy HLL, Difference Entropy LLL, Cluster Tendency LHL, Zone Variance HLH, Difference Average LLL, Large Dependence Low Gray Level Emphasis LHL, Root Mean Squared HLL, Complexity LHH, High Gray Level Emphasis HLH, Large Dependence Low Gray Level Emphasis HLL, High Gray Level Run Emphasis HLH, Root Mean Squared LHL, Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis LHL, Dependence Entropy HHL, Run Entropy HLL, Large Dependence Low Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Size Zone Non Uniformity HHL, Cluster Tendency HLL, and Maximum Probability HHH; 
 group 13 consists of Difference Entropy LHH, Contrast LHH (GLCM), Difference Average LHH, Joint Entropy LHH, Difference Variance LHH, Sum of Squares LHH, Entropy LHH, Mean Absolute Deviation LHH, Gray Level Variance LHH (GLDM), Robust Mean Absolute Deviation LHH, Root Mean Squared LHH, Sum Entropy LHH, Variance LHH, Gray Level Variance LHH (GLSZM), Interquartile Range LHH, Cluster Tendency LHH, 90th Percentile LHH, Run Entropy LHH, Short Run Emphasis LHH, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized LHH, Cluster Prominence LHH, Small Dependence Emphasis LHH, Run Percentage LHH, Interquartile Range HHH, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation HHH, 90th Percentile HHH, Mean Absolute Deviation HHH, Gray Level Variance LHH (GLRLM), Root Mean Squared HHH, Variance HHH, Zone Percentage LHH, Joint Entropy HHH, Dependence Entropy LHH, Difference Entropy HHH, Sum of Squares HHH, Entropy HHH, Difference Variance HHH, Gray Level Variance HHH (GLSZM), Gray Level Variance HHH (GLDM), Difference Entropy LLH, Difference Entropy LHL, Sum Entropy HHH, Gray Level Variance HHH (GLRLM), Cluster Prominence HHH, Difference Average LLH, Run Percentage LHL, Difference Average LHL, Short Run Emphasis LHL, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized LHL, Small Dependence Emphasis LHL, Zone Percentage LHL, Joint Entropy LLH, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized LHH, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized LHL, Small Area Emphasis LHL, Contrast LHL (GLCM), Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized LHL, Contrast LLH (GLCM), Difference Variance LHL, Run Percentage LLH, Short Run Emphasis LLH, Small Area Emphasis LHH, Joint Entropy LHL, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized LLH, Small Area Emphasis LLH, Small Dependence Emphasis LLH, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized LLH, Difference Variance LLH, Zone Percentage LLH, Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Interquartile Range LLH, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation LLH, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized LLH, Complexity LHH, Small Dependence Emphasis, Run Percentage, Sum of Squares LLH, Zone Percentage, Entropy LLH, Mean Absolute Deviation LLH, Short Run Emphasis, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized, Sum Entropy LLH, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized, Small Area Emphasis, Interquartile Range LHL, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation LHL, Difference Entropy, Short Run Emphasis HHL, Small Area Emphasis HHL, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized HHL, Entropy LHL, Size Zone Non Uniformity HHH, Difference Average, Run Entropy LLH, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized HHL, Run Percentage HHL, Cluster Tendency HHH, 90th Percentile LLH, Gray Level Variance LLH (GLDM), Small Area Emphasis HHH, Variance LLH, Mean Absolute Deviation LHL, Small Dependence Emphasis HHL, Contrast (GLCM), Small Area Emphasis HLH, Cluster Tendency LLH, Gray Level Variance LLH (GLSZM), Sum of Squares LHL, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized HHL, Root Mean Squared LLH, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized HHH, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized HLH, Complexity LHL, Difference Entropy HHL, Informational Measure of Correlation 1, Total Energy LHH, Run Entropy LHL, Zone Percentage HHL, Difference Average HHL, Sum Entropy LHL, Gray Level Variance LHL (GLDM), Variance LHL, Gray Level Variance LHL (GLSZM), Contrast HHL (GLCM), Difference Variance, Difference Variance HHL, Short Run Emphasis HLH, Joint Entropy HHL, Small Area High Gray Level Emphasis HHH, Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis LHL, Difference Entropy HLH, Small Dependence Emphasis HLH, Gray Level Variance LLH (GLRLM), Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized LLL, Gray Level Variance LHL (GLRLM), Interquartile Range HHL, Run Percentage LLL, Zone Percentage LLL, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation HHL, Short Run Emphasis LLL, Size Zone Non Uniformity LHH, Small Dependence Emphasis LLL, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized LLL, Complexity, Run Percentage HLH, Contrast HHH (GLCM), Maximum LHH, Mean Absolute Deviation HHL, Entropy HHL, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized LLL, Small Area Emphasis LLL, Difference Average HLH, Sum of Squares HHL, 90th Percentile HHL, Root Mean Squared HHL, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized HLH, Variance HHL, Gray Level Variance HHL (GLSZM), Gray Level Variance HHL (GLDM), Root Mean Squared LHL, Joint Entropy HLH, Run Entropy HHH, Zone Percentage HLH, Total Energy HHH, Cluster Tendency LHL, Sum Entropy HHL, Energy LHH, Contrast HLH (GLCM), Difference Variance HLH, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized LHH, Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis HHL, Cluster Tendency HHL, Short Run High Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized HLH, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation HLH, Small Area High Gray Level Emphasis LHL, Interquartile Range HLH, Range LHH, and Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis HHH; 
 group 14 consists of Sum of Squares LHH, Cluster Tendency LHH, Entropy LHH, Gray Level Variance LHH (GLDM), Joint Entropy LHH, Gray Level Variance LHH (GLSZM), Mean Absolute Deviation LHH, Root Mean Squared LHH, Variance LHH, Contrast LHH (GLCM), Difference Entropy LHH, Difference Variance LHH, Sum Entropy LHH, Difference Average LHH, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation LHH, Interquartile Range LHH, 90th Percentile LHH, Run Entropy LHH, Cluster Prominence LHH, Short Run Emphasis LHH, Small Dependence Emphasis LHH, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized LHH, Run Percentage LHH, Gray Level Variance LHH (GLRLM), Interquartile Range HHH, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation HHH, 90th Percentile HHH, Dependence Entropy LHH, Mean Absolute Deviation HHH, Zone Percentage LHH, Root Mean Squared HHH, Variance HHH, Joint Entropy HHH, Entropy HHH, Difference Entropy HHH, Sum of Squares HHH, Gray Level Variance HHH (GLSZM), Gray Level Variance HHH (GLDM), Difference Variance HHH, Run Percentage LHL, Difference Entropy LHL, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized LHL, Short Run Emphasis LHL, Small Dependence Emphasis LHL, Zone Percentage LHL, Difference Entropy LLH, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized LHL, Small Area Emphasis LHL, Difference Average LHL, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized LHL, Difference Average LLH, Sum Entropy HHH, Contrast LHL (GLCM), Cluster Prominence HHH, Difference Variance LHL, Run Percentage LLH, Small Area Emphasis LLH, Small Dependence Emphasis, Short Run Emphasis LLH, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized LLH, Small Dependence Emphasis LLH, Zone Percentage, Contrast LLH (GLCM), Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized LLH, Joint Entropy LLH, Run Percentage, Zone Percentage LLH, Short Run Emphasis, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized, Gray Level Variance HHH (GLRLM), Joint Entropy LHL, Mean Absolute Deviation LLH, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation LLH, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized, Small Area Emphasis, Interquartile Range LLH, Entropy LLH, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized LLH, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized, Sum of Squares LLH, Difference Variance LLH, Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Interquartile Range LHL, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation LHL, Complexity LHH, Difference Entropy, Entropy LHL, Gray Level Variance LLH (GLDM), Sum Entropy LLH, Variance LLH, Difference Average, Short Run Emphasis HHL, Run Entropy LLH, Small Area Emphasis HHL, Gray Level Variance LLH (GLSZM), Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized HHL, Root Mean Squared LLH, 90th Percentile LLH, Contrast (GLCM), Mean Absolute Deviation LHL, Run Percentage HHL, Cluster Tendency LLH, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized HHL, Small Dependence Emphasis HHL, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized LHH, Sum of Squares LHL, Small Area Emphasis HLH, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized HHL, Cluster Tendency HHH, Run Entropy LHL, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized HLH, Zone Percentage HHL, Complexity LHL, Gray Level Variance LHL (GLSZM), Variance LHL, Gray Level Variance LHL (GLDM), Small Area Emphasis LHH, Sum Entropy LHL, Difference Entropy HHL, Difference Variance, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized LLL, Difference Average HHL, Gray Level Variance LLH (GLRLM), Zone Percentage LLL, Run Percentage LLL, Size Zone Non Uniformity HHH, Small Dependence Emphasis LLL, Short Run Emphasis LLL, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized LLL, Informational Measure of Correlation 1, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized LLL, Small Area Emphasis LLL, Complexity, Contrast HHL (GLCM), Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis LHL, Short Run Emphasis HLH, Small Dependence Emphasis HLH, Gray Level Variance LHL (GLRLM), Joint Entropy HHL, Difference Variance HHL, Interquartile Range HHL, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation HHL, Small Area Emphasis HHH, Mean Absolute Deviation HHL, Root Mean Squared LHL, Run Percentage HLH, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized HHH, Entropy HHL, 90th Percentile HHL, Root Mean Squared HHL, Total Energy LHH, Variance HHL, Difference Entropy HLH, Gray Level Variance HHL (GLSZM), Sum of Squares HHL, Gray Level Variance HHL (GLDM), Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized HLH, Zone Percentage HLH, Cluster Tendency LHL, Difference Average HLH, Small Area High Gray Level Emphasis HHH, Maximum LHH, Difference Average LLL, Sum Entropy HHL, Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis HHL, Cluster Tendency HHL, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized HLH, Difference Entropy LLL, Joint Entropy HLH, Short Run High Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Contrast HLH (GLCM), Run Entropy HHH, Size Zone Non Uniformity LHH, Small Area High Gray Level Emphasis LHL, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation HLH, Interquartile Range HLH, Difference Variance HLH, Range LHH, Mean Absolute Deviation HLH, Run Entropy HHL, Cluster Prominence HHL, Gray Level Variance HLH (GLDM), Entropy HLH, Root Mean Squared HLH, Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis HHH, Variance HLH, Gray Level Variance HHL (GLRLM), Gray Level Variance HLH (GLSZM), Energy LHH, Small Area High Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Complexity HHL, Contrast HHH (GLCM), 90th Percentile HLH, Sum of Squares HLH, Run Percentage HLL, Size Zone Non Uniformity HHL, Complexity LLH, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized HLL, Small Dependence Emphasis HLL, 90th Percentile LHL, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized LHH, and Zone Percentage HLL; and 
 group 15 consists of Gray Level Variance LHH (GLDM), Root Mean Squared LHH, Variance LHH, Entropy LHH, Mean Absolute Deviation LHH, Sum of Squares LHH, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LHH (GLDM), Cluster Tendency LHH, Uniformity LHH, Contrast LHH (GLCM), Difference Variance LHH, Run Entropy LHH, 90th Percentile LHH, Joint Entropy LHH, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation LHH, 10th Percentile LHH, Interquartile Range LHH, Sum Entropy LHH, Difference Average LHH, Joint Energy LHH, Inverse Difference Moment LHH, Inverse Difference LHH, Maximum Probability LHH, Cluster Prominence LHH, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LHH (GLSZM), Gray Level Variance LHH (GLSZM), Short Run Emphasis LHH, Dependence Entropy LHH, Small Dependence Emphasis LHH, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized LHH, Long Run Emphasis LHH, Interquartile Range HHH, Mean Absolute Deviation HHH, 90th Percentile HHH, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation HHH, Root Mean Squared HHH, Run Percentage LHH, Variance HHH, 10th Percentile HHH, Zone Percentage LHH, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized HHH (GLDM), Uniformity HHH, Entropy HHH, Run Variance LHH, Large Dependence Emphasis LHH, Gray Level Variance HHH (GLSZM), Gray Level Variance HHH (GLDM), Joint Entropy HHH, Sum of Squares HHH, Difference Entropy HHH, Difference Variance HHH, Joint Energy HHH, Large Area Low Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Run Variance LHL, Long Run Emphasis LHL, Inverse Difference Moment LHL, Inverse Difference LHL, Inverse Difference Moment LLH, Inverse Difference LLH, Large Dependence Emphasis LHL, Run Percentage LHL, Small Dependence Emphasis LHL, Zone Percentage LHL, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized LHL, Short Run Emphasis LHL, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized LHL, Small Area Emphasis LHL, Difference Entropy LHL, Cluster Prominence HHH, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized HHH (GLSZM), Difference Average LHL, Run Variance LLH, Difference Entropy LLH, Large Area Emphasis LHL, Long Run Emphasis LLH, Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Sum Entropy HHH, Dependence Variance LHL, Inverse Variance LLH, Inverse Variance LHL, Gray Level Variance HHH (GLRLM), Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized LHL, Contrast LHL (GLCM), Difference Average LLH, Zone Variance LHL, Complexity LHH, Run Variance, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized LLH, Small Area Emphasis LLH, Difference Variance LHL, Contrast LLH (GLCM), Long Run Emphasis, Small Dependence Emphasis LLH, Mean Absolute Deviation LLH, Run Percentage LLH, Small Dependence Emphasis, Joint Energy LLH, Short Run Emphasis LLH, Zone Percentage, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized LLH, Zone Percentage LLH, Entropy LLH, Joint Energy LHL, Large Dependence Emphasis LLH, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation LLH, Interquartile Range LLH, Uniformity LLH, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LLH (GLDM), Run Percentage, Small Area Emphasis, Difference Variance LLH, Joint Entropy LLH, Large Area Emphasis, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized, Sum of Squares LLH, Short Run Emphasis, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LLH (GLSZM), Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized, Joint Entropy LHL, Large Dependence Emphasis, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized LLH, Large Area Low Gray Level Emphasis LHL, Large Dependence Low Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Maximum Probability LHL, Uniformity LHL, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LHL (GLDM), Gray Level Variance LLH (GLDM), Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized, Variance LLH, Zone Variance, Interquartile Range LHL, Long Run Emphasis HHL, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation LHL, Gray Level Variance LLH (GLSZM), Large Area Emphasis LLH, Small Area Emphasis HHL, Dependence Variance LLH, Maximum Probability LLH, Run Entropy LLH, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized HHL, Entropy LHL, Root Mean Squared LLH, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized LHH, Run Variance HHL, Difference Average, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized LHL (GLSZM), Inverse Difference Moment, Inverse Variance, Short Run Emphasis HHL, Inverse Difference, Difference Entropy, Mean Absolute Deviation LHL, 90th Percentile LLH, Cluster Tendency LLH, Contrast (GLCM), Small Area Emphasis HLH, Sum Entropy LLH, Complexity LHL, Small Dependence Emphasis HHL, Zone Variance LLH, Inverse Difference Normalized, Large Dependence Emphasis HHL, Run Percentage HHL, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized HLH, Large Area Emphasis LHH, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized HHL, 10th Percentile LHL, Sum of Squares LHL, Dependence Variance, Inverse Difference Moment Normalized, Small Area Emphasis LHH, Cluster Tendency HHH, Gray Level Variance LHL (GLDM), Run Entropy LHL, Variance LHL, Gray Level Variance LHL (GLSZM), Zone Percentage HHL, Gray Level Variance LLH (GLRLM), Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized HHL, Large Dependence Low Gray Level Emphasis LHL, Inverse Difference HHL, Inverse Difference Moment HHL, Large Area High Gray Level Emphasis, Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis LHL, Large Area Low Gray Level Emphasis HHL, Size Zone Non Uniformity HHH, Dependence Variance HHL, Zone Variance LHH, Difference Entropy HHL, Gray Level Variance LHL (GLDM), Difference Average HHL, Long Run Emphasis HLH, Difference Variance, 10th Percentile LLH, Long Run Emphasis LLL, Sum Entropy LHL, Complexity, Maximum Probability HHL, Run Variance LLL, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized LLL, Zone Percentage LLL, Inverse Difference HLH, Run Percentage LLL, Small Dependence Emphasis HLH, Small Dependence Emphasis LLL, Large Dependence Emphasis LLL, Short Run Emphasis HLH, Short Run Emphasis LLL, Small Area Emphasis HHH, Contrast HHL (GLCM), Large Area Emphasis LLL, Joint Energy HHL, Maximum LHH, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized LLL, Run Variance HLH, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized HHH, 10th Percentile HHL, Inverse Difference Moment HLH, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized LLL, Small Area Emphasis LLL, Small Area High Gray Level Emphasis HHH, Interquartile Range HHL, Difference Variance HHL, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation HHL, Root Mean Squared LHL, Short Run High Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Inverse Difference Moment LLL, Large Area Emphasis HHL, Dependence Variance LLL, Joint Entropy HHL, Uniformity HHL, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized HHL (GLDM), Zone Variance LLL, Inverse Difference LLL, Mean Absolute Deviation HHL, Entropy HHL, Informational Measure of Correlation 1, Total Energy LHH, Inverse Variance LLL, Range LHH, Root Mean Squared HHL, Run Percentage HLH, Variance HHL, 90th Percentile HHL, Gray Level Variance HHL (GLDM), Difference Average HLH, Gray Level Variance HHL (GLSZM), Difference Entropy HLH, Large Dependence Emphasis HLH, Zone Percentage HLH, Run Length Non Uniformity Normalized HLH, Zone Variance HHL, Run Entropy HHH, Small Area High Gray Level Emphasis LHL, Sum of Squares HHL, Cluster Tendency LHL, Long Run Low Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Maximum Probability HLH, Small Area High Gray Level Emphasis LHH, Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis HHL, Joint Energy HLH, Contrast HLH (GLCM), Difference Average LLL, Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis HHH, Large Dependence Low Gray Level Emphasis HHL, Sum Entropy HHL, 10th Percentile HLH, Cluster Tendency HHL, Dependence Non Uniformity Normalized HLH, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized HHL (GLSZM), High Gray Level Emphasis LHH, High Gray Level Run Emphasis LHH, Joint Entropy HLH, Robust Mean Absolute Deviation HLH, Interquartile Range HLH, Size Zone Non Uniformity LHH, Difference Entropy LLL, Difference Variance HLH, Run Entropy HHL, Contrast HHH (GLCM), Gray Level Variance HHL (GLRLM), Gray Level Variance HLH (GLSZM), Mean Absolute Deviation HLH, Root Mean Squared HLH, Uniformity HLH, Variance HLH, Entropy HLH, Gray Level Non Uniformity Normalized HLH (GLDM), Gray Level Variance HLH (GLDM), Complexity HHL, Large Area Low Gray Level Emphasis HLH, Large Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis, Cluster Prominence HHL, Complexity LLH, 90th Percentile HLH, Energy LHH, Short Run High Gray Level Emphasis LHL, Sum of Squares HLH, Dependence Variance HLH, Short Run High Gray Level Emphasis HHH, High Gray Level Emphasis LHL, High Gray Level Run Emphasis LHL, Correlation, Run Variance HLL, High Gray Level Zone Emphasis LHH, Long Run Emphasis HLL, and Small Dependence High Gray Level Emphasis HLH. 
 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 6 , wherein the at least two epicardial radiomic features comprise at least two of Inverse Difference Moment HHH, Minimum LHH, Low Gray Level Zone Emphasis LLL, Maximum Probability LLL, Busyness LHH, Zone Entropy LLL, Run Entropy LLL Maximum 3D Diameter, Long Run High Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Joint Average LLL, Difference Entropy LLL, Sum Entropy HHH, Difference Entropy LHH, Sum Squares LHH, and Gray Level Variance LHH (GLDM). 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 6 , wherein the at least two epicardial radiomic features are selected from the epicardial radiomic features of clusters A to D, wherein the at least two epicardial radiomic features are each selected from different clusters, and wherein:
 cluster A consists of the epicardial radiomic features of groups 1 to 5; 
 cluster B consists of the epicardial radiomic features of groups 6 and 7; 
 cluster C consists of the epicardial radiomic features of group 8; and 
 cluster D consists of the epicardial radiomic features of groups 9 to 15. 
 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of epicardial radiomic features comprises at least two epicardial radiomic features selected from the epicardial radiomic features of clusters A to D, wherein the at least two epicardial radiomic features are each selected from different clusters, and wherein:
 cluster A consists of Inverse Difference Moment HHH, Minimum LHH, Zone Variance LLL, Low Gray Level Zone Emphasis LLL, Maximum Probability LLL, Elongation, Cluster Shade LLL, Busyness LHH, Gray Level Non Uniformity LLL, and Skewness HHH; 
 cluster B consists of Zone Entropy LLL, Cluster Prominence LLL, Gray Level Variance LLL (GLDM), and Run Entropy LLL; 
 cluster C consists of Least Axis, Maximum 2D Diameter Row, Major Axis, Maximum 2D Diameter Column, Maximum 2D Diameter Slice, and Maximum 3D Diameter; and 
 cluster D consists of Autocorrelation LLH, Long Run High Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Joint Average LLL, Autocorrelation LLL, Difference Entropy LLL, Difference Entropy LLH, Sum of Squares HLH, Sum of Squares HHH, Sum Entropy HHH, Gray Level Variance LLH (GLDM), Difference Entropy LHH, Sum Squares LHH, and Gray Level Variance LHH (GLDM). 
 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 9 , wherein:
 cluster A consists of Inverse Difference Moment HHH, Minimum LHH, Low Gray Level Zone Emphasis LLL, Maximum Probability LLL, and Busyness LHH; 
 cluster B consists of Zone Entropy LLL, and Run Entropy LLL; 
 cluster C consists of Maximum 3D Diameter; and 
 cluster D consists of Long Run High Gray Level Emphasis LLL, Joint Average LLL, Difference Entropy LLL, Sum Entropy HHH, Difference Entropy LHH, Sum Squares LHH, and Gray Level Variance LHH (GLDM). 
 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising identifying the epicardial region using an automated segmentation algorithm, optionally wherein the segmentation algorithm has been trained using machine learning to segment the medical imaging data. 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 1  wherein the epicardial region consists of voxels of the medical imaging data having an attenuation value falling within a given range of attenuation values, optionally wherein the range of attenuation values corresponds to adipose and/or connective tissue. 
     
     
       13. The method of  claim 12 , wherein the given range comprises attenuation values from about −190 to about −30 Hounsfield Units or from about −190 to about +150 Hounsfield Units. 
     
     
       14. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising predicting the risk of the subject developing a cardiac condition or experiencing stroke based on at least the calculated value of the epicardial radiomic signature, optionally wherein the cardiac condition is heart arrhythmia. 
     
     
       15. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising identifying, based on the calculated value of the epicardial radiomic signature, whether an individual is at risk of stroke. 
     
     
       16. The method of  claim 15 , further comprising administering or prescribing a preventative treatment to the individual to reduce the risk of stroke if the individual is identified as being at risk of stroke. 
     
     
       17. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising determining whether the subject has myocardial disease based on at least the calculated value of the epicardial radiomic signature, optionally wherein the myocardial disease is fibrosis, inflammation or oxidative stress. 
     
     
       18. A method for deriving an epicardial radiomic signature indicative of cardiac health, the method comprising using a radiomic dataset to construct an epicardial radiomic signature indicative of cardiac health, the epicardial radiomic signature being calculated on the basis of a second plurality of epicardial radiomic features;
 wherein the dataset comprises the values of a first plurality of epicardial radiomic features obtained from medical imaging data of an epicardial region comprising epicardial tissue for each of a plurality of individuals, the plurality of individuals comprising a first group of individuals having a cardiac condition or myocardial disease or having a history of stroke and a second group of individuals not having the cardiac condition or myocardial disease or a history of stroke; 
 wherein the second plurality of epicardial radiomic features is selected from amongst the first plurality of epicardial radiomic features; and 
 wherein the epicardial radiomic signature is constructed to provide a measure of the texture of the epicardial tissue. 
 
     
     
       19. The method according to  claim 18 , wherein the method further comprises identifying significant epicardial radiomic features from amongst the first plurality of epicardial radiomic features that are each significantly associated with the cardiac condition or myocardial disease or history of stroke, the second plurality of epicardial radiomic features comprising at least two epicardial radiomic features that are, or are collinear with, different significant epicardial radiomic features. 
     
     
       20. The method according to  claim 19 , wherein the method further comprises using a feature selection machine learning algorithm to identify a subset of the significant epicardial radiomic features, wherein the at least two epicardial radiomic features are, or are collinear with, different significant epicardial radiomic features belonging to the subset, optionally wherein the at least two epicardial radiomic features comprises all of the significant epicardial radiomic features belonging to the subset, or collinear equivalents thereof. 
     
     
       21. The method according to  claim 19 , further comprising identifying groups of epicardial radiomic features, each of the groups comprising one of the significant epicardial radiomic features and collinear equivalents thereof that are collinear with the significant epicardial radiomic feature, the at least two epicardial radiomic features being selected from different groups. 
     
     
       22. The method of  claim 19 , wherein the method comprises identifying a plurality of clusters of the significant epicardial radiomic features by performing a cluster analysis, and wherein the at least two epicardial radiomic features are each selected from, or are selected to be collinear with significant epicardial radiomic features from, different clusters, optionally wherein the cluster analysis identifies the clusters based on the strength of the correlations between the significant epicardial radiomic features. 
     
     
       23. The method of  claim 18 , wherein the epicardial radiomic signature is constructed to be correlated with the cardiac condition or myocardial disease or history of stroke, optionally wherein the epicardial radiomic signature is constructed to be significantly associated with the cardiac condition or myocardial disease or history of stroke. 
     
     
       24. The method of  claim 18 , wherein the step of constructing the epicardial radiomic signature is performed using a machine learning algorithm. 
     
     
       25. The method of  claim 18 , wherein the cardiac condition is associated with myocardial health or disease, optionally wherein the cardiac condition is heart arrhythmia. 
     
     
       26. The method of  claim 18 , further comprising configuring a system for calculating the value of the epicardial radiomic signature for a patient. 
     
     
       27. The method of  claim 18 , further comprising characterising an epicardial region of a patient by calculating the value of the epicardial radiomic signature for an epicardial region of the patient. 
     
     
       28. The method of  claim 18 , wherein the epicardial region comprises epicardial adipose tissue and/or connective tissue. 
     
     
       29. The method of  claim 18 , wherein the epicardial radiomic signature comprises a decision tree, optionally wherein the epicardial radiomic signature comprises a regression tree. 
     
     
       30. A system configured to perform the method of  claim 18 .