Enhancement of seismic data

Abstract

Methods, systems, and computer-readable medium to perform operations including: generating a first time-frequency spectrum of a first seismic trace from an original seismic dataset; generating a second time-frequency spectrum of a second seismic trace from an enhanced seismic dataset, where the second seismic trace corresponds to the first seismic trace; and re-combining an amplitude spectrum of the first time-frequency spectrum and a phase spectrum of the second time-frequency spectrum to generate a third time-frequency spectrum of an output trace that corresponds to the first and second seismic traces.

We claim: 
     
       1. A method comprising:
 generating a first time-frequency spectrum of a first seismic trace from an original seismic dataset received from a plurality of sensors, the original seismic dataset comprising a plurality of seismic signals of a wellsite subterranean region; 
 generating a second time-frequency spectrum of a second seismic trace from a signal to noise ratio filtered seismic dataset, wherein the second seismic trace suppresses a noise component of the original seismic dataset; 
 combining an amplitude spectrum of the first time-frequency spectrum and a phase spectrum of the second time-frequency spectrum, for each discrete frequency bin, and frame index, to generate a third time-frequency spectrum of an output trace, the third time-frequency spectrum of the output trace comprising time shifts between neighboring traces differentiating the plurality of seismic signals that integrates noise masked data from the first and second seismic traces; and 
 controlling wellsite systems, using the third time-frequency spectrum, to perform field operations. 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 generating a time-based output trace from the third time-frequency spectrum. 
 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 2 , wherein generating the first time-frequency spectrum comprises using short-term Fourier transform (STFT) to generate the first time-frequency spectrum, and wherein generating the time-based output trace comprises using inverse short-term Fourier transform (ISTFT) to generate the time-based output trace. 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the signal to noise ratio filtered seismic dataset is generated by performing a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enhancement procedure on the original seismic dataset. 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 4 , wherein the SNR enhancement procedure comprises: common-reflection surface method (CRS), multi-focusing (MF), supergrouping, or non-linear beamforming. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the signal to noise ratio filtered seismic dataset has an identical acquisition geometry to the original seismic dataset, and wherein the second seismic trace is located in the same position in the signal to noise ratio filtered seismic dataset as the first seismic trace in the original seismic dataset. 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the original seismic dataset comprises a plurality of seismic traces, the method further comprising:
 for each seismic trace of the plurality, generating a respective output trace corresponding to the seismic trace, wherein the respective output traces collectively form an output seismic dataset. 
 
     
     
       8. A device comprising:
 one or more processors; and 
 a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium coupled to the one or more processors and storing programming instructions for execution by the one or more processors, the programming instructions instructing the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
 generating a first time-frequency spectrum of a first seismic trace from an original seismic dataset received from a plurality of sensors, the original seismic dataset comprising a plurality of seismic signals of a wellsite subterranean region; 
 generating a second time-frequency spectrum of a second seismic trace from a signal to noise ratio filtered seismic dataset, wherein the second seismic trace suppresses a noise component of the original seismic dataset; 
 combining an amplitude spectrum of the first time-frequency spectrum and a phase spectrum of the second time-frequency spectrum, for each discrete frequency bin, and frame index, to generate a third time-frequency spectrum of an output trace, the third time-frequency spectrum of the output trace comprising time shifts between neighboring traces differentiating the plurality of seismic signals that integrates noise masked data from the first and second seismic traces; and 
 controlling wellsite systems, using the third time-frequency spectrum, to perform field operations. 
 
 
     
     
       9. The device of  claim 8 , the operations further comprising:
 generating a time-based output trace from the third time-frequency spectrum. 
 
     
     
       10. The device of  claim 9 , wherein generating the first time-frequency spectrum comprises using short-term Fourier transform (STFT) to generate the first time-frequency spectrum, and wherein generating the time-based output trace comprises using inverse short-term Fourier transform (ISTFT) to generate the time-based output trace. 
     
     
       11. The device of  claim 8 , wherein the signal to noise ratio filtered seismic dataset is generated by performing a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enhancement procedure on the original seismic dataset. 
     
     
       12. The device of  claim 11 , wherein the SNR enhancement procedure comprises: common-reflection surface method (CRS), multi-focusing (MF), supergrouping, or non-linear beamforming. 
     
     
       13. The device of  claim 8 , wherein the signal to noise ratio filtered seismic dataset has an identical acquisition geometry to the original seismic dataset, and wherein the second seismic trace is located in the same position in the signal to noise ratio filtered seismic dataset as the first seismic trace in the original seismic dataset. 
     
     
       14. The device of  claim 8 , wherein the original seismic dataset comprises a plurality of seismic traces, and wherein the operations further comprise:
 for each seismic trace of the plurality, generating a respective output trace corresponding to the seismic trace, wherein the respective output traces collectively form an output seismic dataset. 
 
     
     
       15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
 generating a first time-frequency spectrum of a first seismic trace from an original seismic dataset received from a plurality of sensors, the original seismic dataset comprising a plurality of seismic signals of a wellsite subterranean region; 
 generating a second time-frequency spectrum of a second seismic trace from a signal to noise ratio filtered seismic dataset, wherein the second seismic trace suppresses a noise component of the original seismic dataset; 
 combining an amplitude spectrum of the first time-frequency spectrum and a phase spectrum of the second time-frequency spectrum, for each discrete frequency bin, and frame index, to generate a third time-frequency spectrum of an output trace, the third time-frequency spectrum of the output trace comprising time shifts between neighboring traces differentiating the plurality of seismic signals that integrates noise masked data from the first and second seismic traces; and 
 controlling wellsite systems, using the third time-frequency spectrum, to perform field operations. 
 
     
     
       16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of  claim 15 , the operations further comprising:
 generating a time-based output trace from the third time-frequency spectrum. 
 
     
     
       17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of  claim 16 , wherein generating the first time-frequency spectrum comprises using short-term Fourier transform (STFT) to generate the first time-frequency spectrum, and wherein generating the time-based output trace comprises using inverse short-term Fourier transform (ISTFT) to generate the time-based output trace. 
     
     
       18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of  claim 15 , wherein the signal to noise ratio filtered seismic dataset is generated by performing a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enhancement procedure on the original seismic dataset. 
     
     
       19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of  claim 18 , wherein the SNR enhancement procedure comprises: common-reflection surface method (CRS), multi-focusing (MF), supergrouping, or non-linear beamforming. 
     
     
       20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of  claim 15 , wherein the signal to noise ratio filtered seismic dataset has an identical acquisition geometry to the original seismic dataset, and wherein the second seismic trace is located in the same position in the signal to noise ratio filtered seismic dataset as the first seismic trace in the original seismic dataset.