Bond produced with an at least partially crystallized glass, such as a metal-to-glass bond, in particular a metal-to-glass bond in a feed-through element or connecting element, and method for producing such a bond, in particular in a feed-through element or connecting element

Abstract

An at least partially crystallized glass includes at least one crystal phase and pores which are distributed in the at least partially crystallized glass in a structured manner.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An at least partially crystallized glass, comprising:
 at least one crystal phase; and 
 pores which are distributed in the at least partially crystallized glass in a structured manner, the at least partially crystallized glass comprising the following oxides, in wt %: 
 
       
         
           
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   SiO 2   
                   20 to 60; 
                 
                     
                   Al 2 O 3   
                   0.5 to 20; 
                 
                     
                   CaO 
                   10 to 50; 
                 
                     
                   MgO 
                   0.5 to 50; 
                 
                     
                   Y 2 O 3   
                   0.1 to 20; 
                 
                     
                   ZrO 2   
                   0.1 to 25; and 
                 
                     
                   B 2 O 3   
                   1 to 15. 
                 
                     
                     
                 
             
                
               
               
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
       2. The at least partially crystallized glass of  claim 1 , wherein the pores of the at least partially crystallized glass were not already completely created or not already existing in a sintered body from which the at least partially crystallized glass resulted. 
     
     
       3. The at least partially crystallized glass of  claim 2 , wherein a majority of the pores formed simultaneously with crystallization. 
     
     
       4. The at least partially crystallized glass of  claim 3 , wherein the at least partially crystallized glass exhibits a ratio of pores that were already created or existing in the sintered body, a sintered compact or shaped body relative to the pores that formed simultaneously with crystallization of about 1.5 to 5 for a sintering degree of about 99%. 
     
     
       5. The at least partially crystallized glass of  claim 1 , comprising the following oxides, in wt %: 
       
         
           
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   SiO 2   
                   36 to 54; 
                 
                     
                   Al 2 O 3   
                    8 to 16; 
                 
                     
                   CaO 
                   10 to 35; 
                 
                     
                   MgO 
                   0.5 to 17;  
                 
                     
                   RO 
                    8 to 39; 
                 
                     
                   ZrO 2   
                   0.1 to 25; and 
                 
                     
                   B 2 O 3   
                   1 to 3; 
                 
                     
                     
                 
             
                
               
               
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         wherein the amount of RO indicates the oxides BaO, SrO, MgO, ZnO, in total or in any mixture thereof. 
       
     
     
       6. The at least partially crystallized glass of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one crystal phase comprises a metal oxide including at least one of a medium-sized cation that has an ionic radius between 0.50 Å and 0.90 Å or a chain silicate. 
     
     
       7. The at least partially crystallized glass of  claim 6 , wherein the metal oxide comprises ZrO 2  and yttrium. 
     
     
       8. The at least partially crystallized glass of  claim 6 , wherein the at least one crystal phase is at least one of free of Y 2 O 3  or free of ZrO 2 . 
     
     
       9. The at least partially crystallized glass of  claim 6 , wherein the metal oxide is CaO and wherein the chain silicate further comprises yttrium. 
     
     
       10. The at least partially crystallized glass of  claim 6 , wherein the at least one crystal phase comprises at least one of a chain silicate comprising SiO 3   2−  as a silicate structural unit or a chain silicate comprising alkaline earth oxide. 
     
     
       11. The at least partially crystallized glass of  claim 10 , wherein the chain silicate is in the form of a chain silicate comprising alkaline earth oxide and having a pyroxene structure, and wherein the alkaline earth oxide comprises CaO and MgO. 
     
     
       12. The at least partially crystallized glass of  claim 1 , wherein the at least partially crystallized glass has a porosity that increases from a surface of the at least partially crystallized glass towards an interior thereof to a maximum value of at least 20%. 
     
     
       13. The at least partially crystallized glass of  claim 12 , wherein the porosity at least 3% by volume. 
     
     
       14. The at least partially crystallized glass of  claim 1 , wherein the pores are at least partially located in the vicinity of crystals. 
     
     
       15. The at least partially crystallized glass of  claim 1 , wherein the at least partially crystallized glass has a crystal content of at least 25% based on a total volume of the at least partially crystallized glass. 
     
     
       16. The at least partially crystallized glass of  claim 15 , wherein the crystal content is more than 60% based on the total volume. 
     
     
       17. The at least partially crystallized glass of  claim 1 , wherein the pores have a size between 2 μm and 30 μm. 
     
     
       18. The at least partially crystallized glass of  claim 1 , wherein the at least partially crystallized glass comprises crystallites having a size from 0.1 μm to 50 μm. 
     
     
       19. An at least partially crystallized glass, comprising:
 at least one crystal phase; and 
 pores which are distributed in the at least partially crystallized glass in a structured manner, wherein the at least partially crystallized glass has a crystal content of at least 25% based on a total volume of the at least partially crystallized glass. 
 
     
     
       20. An at least partially crystallized glass, comprising:
 at least one crystal phase; and 
 pores which are distributed in the at least partially crystallized glass in a structured manner, wherein the pores have a size between 2 μm and 30 μm.