Anode-less lithium ion battery

Abstract

The present invention pertains to an anode-less lithium ion battery comprising a) a cathode comprising a cathode current collector and a cathode electro-active material on the cathode current collector; b) an anode current collector; c) a liquid electrolyte composition between the a) cathode and the b) anode current collector; and d) a separator, wherein the c) liquid electrolyte composition comprises i) at least 70% by volume (vol %) of a solvent mixture with respect to the total volume of the electrolyte composition, comprising at least one fluorinated ether compound and at least one non-fluorinated ether compound, and ii) at least one lithium salt.

The invention claimed is: 
     
         1 . An anode-less lithium ion battery comprising:
 a) a cathode comprising a cathode current collector and a cathode electro-active material on the cathode current collector;   b) an anode current collector;   c) a liquid electrolyte composition between the a) cathode and the b) anode current collector; and   d) a separator,   wherein the c) liquid electrolyte composition comprises i) at least 70% by volume (vol %) of a solvent mixture with respect to the total volume of the electrolyte composition, comprising from 60 to 90 vol % of at least one fluorinated ether compound and from 10 to 40 vol % of at least one non-fluorinated ether compound the vol % being with respect to the total volume of the solvent mixture, wherein the fluorinated ether compound has a chemical formula of CaFbHcOd, wherein a,b,c and d are all integers, d is an integer from 1 to 3, a is an integer from 3 to 10, and 2*(a+1)=b+c, and ii) at least one lithium salt.   
     
     
         2 . The anode-less lithium ion battery according to  claim 1 , wherein the solvent mixture comprises:
 from 80 to 90 vol % of at least one fluorinated ether compound; and   from 10 to 20 vol % of at least one non-fluorinated ether compound, with respect to the total volume of the solvent mixture.   
     
     
         3 . The anode-less lithium ion battery according to  claim 1 , wherein the fluorinated ether compound comprises 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE) and CF 2 HCF 2 —OCH 2 CH 2 O-CF 2 CF 2 H. 
     
     
         4 . The anode-less lithium ion battery according to  claim 1 , wherein the non-fluorinated ether compound comprises dimethoxyethane (DME), 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), dibutyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGME), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DEGME), diethylene glycol diethyl ether (DEGDEE), polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PEGDME), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and tetrahydrofuran (THF). 
     
     
         5 . The anode-less lithium ion battery according to  claim 1 , wherein the cathode electro-active material is selected from the group consisting of LiMQ 2 , wherein Mis at least one metal selected from Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cr and V and Q is O or S; LiNi x Co 1-x O 2  (0<x<1); spinel-structured LiMn 2 O 4 ; lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt-based metal oxide of formula LiNi x Mn y Co z O 2  (x+y+z=1), lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum-based metal oxide of formula LiNi x Co y Al z O 2  (x+y+z=1), and LiFePO 4 . 
     
     
         6 . The anode-less lithium ion battery according to  claim 1 , wherein the cathode electro-active material is loaded onto the cathode current collector to have an areal capacity between 1.0 mAh/cm 2  and 10.0 mAh/cm 2 . 
     
     
         7 . The anode-less lithium ion battery according to  claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt is selected from the group consisting of:
 a) LiN(SO 2 F) 2  (lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide: LiFSI), LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2  (lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide:LiTFSI), LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , Li bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiF, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 )(R F SO 2 ), wherein R F  is C 2 F 5 , C 4 F 9  or CF 3 OCF 2 CF 2 , LiAsF 6 , LiC(CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , Li 2 S;   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R′ F  is selected from the group consisting of F, CF 3 , CHF 2 , CH 2 F, C 2 HF 4 , C 2 H 2 F 3 , C 2 H 3 F 2 , C 2 F 5 , C 3 F 7 , C 3 H 2 F 5 , C 3 H 4 F 3 , C 4 F 9 , C 4 H 2 F 7 , C 4 H 4 F 5 , C 5 F 11 , C 3 F 5 OCF 3 , C 2 F 40 CF 3 , C 2 H 2 F 20 CF 3  and CF 20 CF 3 ; and 
         c) combinations thereof. 
       
     
     
         8 . The anode-less lithium ion battery according to  claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the lithium salt is from 1 M to 8 M. 
     
     
         9 . The anode-less lithium ion battery according to  claim 1 , wherein the d) separator is a porous polymeric material comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyphenylene sulphide, polyacetal, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyether sulfone, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene naphthalene, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polyolefin, or mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         10 . The anode-less lithium ion battery according to  claim 1 , further comprising from 0.05 to 10.0 wt % of at least one film-forming additive, with respect to the total weight of the liquid electrolyte composition. 
     
     
         11 . The anode-less lithium ion battery according to  claim 10 , wherein the film-forming additive is selected from the group consisting of cyclic sulphite and sulfate compounds comprising 1,3-propanesultone (PS), ethylene sulphite(ES) and prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone (PES); sulfone derivatives comprising dimethyl sulfone, tetramethylene sulfone, ethyl methyl sulfone and isopropyl methyl sulfone; nitrile derivatives comprising succinonitrile, adiponitrile, and glutaronitirle; and lithium nitrate (LiNO 3 ); boron derivatives salt comprising lithium difluoro oxalato borate (LiDFOB), lithium fluoromalonato (difluoro) borate (LiFMDFB), vinyl acetate, biphenyl benzene, isopropyl benzene, hexafluorobenzene, tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate, triphenyl phosphine, ethyl diphenylphosphinite, triethyl phosphite, tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite, maleic anhydride, vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, mono-fluorinated ethylene carbonate (4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one), difluorinated ethylene carbonate, cesium bis(triflulorosulfonyl)imide (CsTFSI), cesium fluoride (CsF), and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         12 . The anode-less lithium ion battery according to  claim 10 , wherein the film-forming additive is an ionic liquid. 
     
     
         13 . The anode-less lithium ion battery according to  claim 12 , wherein the ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide (PYR13FSI), N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (PYR14FSI), N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR13TFSI), and N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR14TFSI). 
     
     
         14 . The anode-less lithium ion battery of  claim 1 , wherein the c) liquid electrolyte composition consists of i) at least 70% by volume (vol %) of a solvent mixture with respect to the total volume of the electrolyte composition, comprising at least one fluorinated ether compound and at least one non-fluorinated ether compound, ii) at least one lithium salt, and iii) optionally from 0.05 to 10.0 wt % of at least one film-forming additive, with respect to the total weight of the liquid electrolyte composition.