Condenser

Abstract

The invention relates to a condenser for condensing a vaporous fluid, preferably a condenser designed on the church window principle. The condenser comprises at least one bundle ( 10 ) with a multiplicity of tubes ( 12 ) arranged parallel to one another, the bundle being subdivided into an upper sector ( 16 ) and a lower sector ( 14 ). The tubes have a first fluid flowing through them and the vaporous fluid flowing around them. A condensate discharge element is arranged in the bundle between the upper sector ( 16 ) and the lower sector ( 14 ). The condensate discharge element may be designed as a condensate discharge plane ( 60 ) or else as a condensate discharge duct ( 80 ).

1 . A condenser ( 2 ) for condensing a vaporous fluid, with at least one bundle ( 10 ), the bundle comprising a multiplicity of tubes ( 12 ) arranged parallel to one another, the tubes ( 12 ) having a first fluid flowing through them and the vaporous fluid flowing around them, characterized in that a condensate discharge element ( 60 ,  80 ) is arranged in the bundle ( 10 ), the condensate discharge element forming approximately a right angle with the isobars ( 52 ) of the fluid flow flowing around the tubes.  
     
     
         2 . The condenser as claimed in    claim 1   , the condensate discharge element being a condensate discharge plane, preferably a condensate discharge plate.  
     
     
         3 . The condenser as claimed in one of the preceding claims, the tubes ( 12 ) being arranged in rows, and the rows being arranged in a layered arrangement one above the other in each case so as to be offset to one another by one offset step, the offset step being preferably equal to half the distance (d) between two tube center axes, and the condensate discharge plane ( 60 ) being arranged in the bundle approximately at an offset angle corresponding to the offset step.  
     
     
         4 . The condenser as claimed in one of the preceding claims, the condensate discharge plane ( 60 ) arranged in the bundle having a first surface ( 66 ) facing the tubes and a second surface ( 64 ) opposite the first surface ( 66 ), the condensate accumulating on the first surface ( 66 ), and the condensate discharge plane ( 60 ) being arranged in the bundle ( 10 ) in such a way that the distance between the first surface ( 66 ) and the tubes facing the first surface is larger than the distance between the second surface ( 64 ) and the tubes facing the second surface, preferably in a ratio of two to one.  
     
     
         5 . The condenser as claimed in one of    claims 2    to    4   , a collecting groove ( 62   a - 62   d ) being arranged at a lower end of the condensate discharge plane ( 60 ).  
     
     
         6 . The condenser as claimed in one of    claims 2    to    5   , the bundle ( 10 ) having arranged in it a void ( 40 ) which is connected to a region outside the bundle by means of an outflow for the outflow of condensate, and the condensate discharge plane ( 60 ) being arranged in such a way that the condensate is led into this void ( 40 ) by means of the condensate discharge plane ( 60 ).  
     
     
         7 . The condenser as claimed in one of    claims 2    to    6   , the condensate discharge plane ( 60 ) being arranged in such a way that the condensate is led out of the interior of the bundle onto the outside of the bundle.  
     
     
         8 . The condenser as claimed in one of the preceding claims, the void ( 40 ) being arranged in the middle of the bundle ( 10 ), and two condensate discharge planes ( 60   c ,  60   d ), which extend in each case from an outer side of the bundle to the void ( 40 ) and lead the condensate into the void ( 40 ), being arranged in an upper region ( 16 ) of the bundle in an arrangement symmetrical to the center plane ( 30 ) of the bundle, and two further condensate discharge planes ( 60   a ,  60   b ), which extend in each case from the void ( 40 ) of the bundle to an outer side of the bundle and lead the condensate onto the respective outer side of the bundle, being arranged in a lower region ( 14 ) of the bundle in an arrangement likewise symmetrical to the center plane ( 30 ) of the bundle.  
     
     
         9 . The condenser as claimed in one of the preceding claims, a condensate discharge duct ( 80   a ,  80   b ) being arranged as a condensate discharge element in the bundle ( 10 ), and the condensate discharge duct ( 80   a ,  80   b ) having at least one condensate inlet orifice ( 88   a ,  88   b ) and at least one condensate outlet orifice ( 90   a ,  90   b ).  
     
     
         10 . The condenser as claimed in    claim 9   , an air cooler ( 20 ) being arranged in the bundle ( 10 ), preferably level with the waistline of the bundle, and the condensate discharge duct ( 80   a ,  80   b ) being arranged on the air cooler ( 20 ).  
     
     
         11 . The condenser as claimed in one of claims  9  or  10 , the condensate discharge duct ( 80   a ,  80   b ) extending from an outer side of the bundle to a void ( 40 ) arranged in the bundle.  
     
     
         12 . The condenser as claimed in    claim 11   , the void ( 40 ) being arranged in the middle of the bundle, and two condensate discharge ducts ( 88   a ,  88   b ) extending in each case from an outer side of the bundle to the void ( 40 ) in an arrangement symmetrical to the center plane ( 30 ) of the bundle.  
     
     
         13 . The condenser as claimed in    claim 12   , the condensate discharge ducts ( 88   a ,  88   b ) being connected to one another by means of an intermediate element ( 92 ) which extends over the region of the void ( 40 ).  
     
     
         14 . The condenser as claimed in one of    claims 9    to    13   , the top side ( 82   a ,  82   b ) of the condensate discharge duct ( 80   a ,  80   b ) being designed as a condensate discharge plane.  
     
     
         15 . The condenser as claimed in one of the preceding claims, the bundle ( 10 ) being a bundle designed on the church window principle.  
     
     
         16 . The condenser as claimed in one of the preceding claims, the bundle ( 10 ) having a height about four times its maximum width, and preferably a two-part air cooler ( 20 ) being arranged in the bundle ( 10 ), preferably in a symmetrical arrangement, level with the waistline of the bundle.  
     
     
         17 . The condenser as claimed in one of the preceding claims, steam flowing into the bundle ( 10 ) from all sides, and the steam which flows into the bundle from all sides having to overcome approximately the same flow resistance between the outside of the bundle and the air cooler.