Hair styling gels

Abstract

Hair styling gels containing a carboxylated polyurethane resin, a viscosity enhancer, and an optional second hair fixative resin, in an aqueous carrier, are disclosed. The styling gel compositions impart excellent hair styling, conditioning, and hair set retention properties to treated hair.

What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A hair styling gel composition comprising: 
 (a) about 0.25% to about 6% by weight of a carboxylated polyurethane resin;    (b) about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of a viscosity enhancer; and    (c) about 15% to about 99.5% by weight of a carrier comprising water,    wherein the carboxylated polyurethane resin has a weight average molecular weight of about 15,000 to about 300,000.    
     
     
         2 . The composition of  claim 1  further comprising 0% to about 6% by weight of a second hair fixative resin.  
     
     
         3 . The composition of  claim 2  wherein a weight ratio of the second hair fixative resin to the carboxylated polyurethane resin is 0 to about 1.  
     
     
         4 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the composition is free of a neutralizing agent for the carboxylated polyurethane resin.  
     
     
         5 . The composition of  claim 1  having a viscosity of about 10,000 to about 100,000 centipoise.  
     
     
         6 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the carboxylated polyurethane resin has a weight average molecular weight of about 30,000 to about 200,000.  
     
     
         7 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the carboxylated polyurethane resin has a weight average molecular weight of about 40,000 to about 190,000.  
     
     
         8 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the carboxylated polyurethane resin has an acid value of at least 7 mg KOH/g resin.  
     
     
         9 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the carboxylated polyurethane resin has a melting point of about 40° C. to about 120° C.  
     
     
         10 . The hair styling gel of  claim 1  wherein the carboxylated polyurethane resin comprises a reaction product of a mixture comprising: 
 (i) about 10% to about 90% by weight of the mixture of a polyoxyalkylene diol having a number average molecular weight of about 200 to about 20,000;  
 (ii) about 0.01% to about 20% by weight of the mixture of an alkylene glycol;  
 (iii) about 3% to about 80% by weight of the mixture of an organic diisocyanate;  
 (iv) about 0.1% to about 8% by weight of the mixture of a 2,2-di(hydroxymethyl)alkanoic acid; and  
 (v) about 0.01% to about 0.45% by weight of the mixture of water, wherein a ratio of isocyanate groups to hydroxyl groups is about 0.5 to about 1.  
 
     
     
         11 . The composition of  claim 10  wherein the polyoxyalkylene diol comprises a blend of two or more polyoxyalkylene diols.  
     
     
         12 . The composition of  claim 10  wherein the polyoxyalkylene diol is selected from the group consisting of a polyoxyethylene diol having a number average molecular weight of about 200 to about 20,000, a polyoxypropylene diol having a number average molecular weight of about 200 to about 2,500, a polyoxytetramethylene diol having a number average molecular weight of about 200 to about 4,000, a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having a number average molecular weight of about 1,000 to about 9,000, and mixtures thereof.  
     
     
         13 . The composition of  claim 10  wherein the polyoxyalkylene diol comprises a polyoxyethylene diol having a number average molecular weight of about 6000 to about 10,000.  
     
     
         14 . The composition of  claim 13  wherein the polyoxyalkylene diol further comprises a polyoxypropylene glycol having a number average molecular weight of about 200 to about 2,500, a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having a number average molecular weight of about 1,000 to about 5,000, a polyoxyethylene diol having a number average molecular weight of about 400 to about 5000, a polyoxytetramethylene diol having a number average molecular weight of about 200 to about 4,000, or a mixture thereof.  
     
     
         15 . The composition of  claim 14  wherein the water is present in an amount of about 0.03% to about 0.4%.  
     
     
         16 . The composition of  claim 10  wherein the alkylene glycol is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, tripropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 2-methyl-1, 3-propanediol, cyclohexanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, glycerol, hexylene glycol, 2-methyl-1,3-pentadediol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.  
     
     
         17 . The composition of  claim 10  wherein the organic diisocyanate is an aliphatic diisocyanate.  
     
     
         18 . The composition of  claim 17  wherein the aliphatic diisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of methylene bis(cyclohexyl-4-isocyanate), trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, tetramethylene-1,4-diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, trimethylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,2-diisocyanate, decamethylene-1,10-diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,4-diisocyanate, and mixtures thereof.  
     
     
         19 . The composition of  claim 10  wherein the 2,2-di(hydroxymethyl) alkanoic acid comprises dimethylolpropionic acid.  
     
     
         20 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the 2,2-di(hydroxymethyl)alkanoic acid is present in an amount of about 0.3% to about 7% by weight.  
     
     
         21 . The composition of  claim 10  wherein the water is present in an amount of about 0.03% to about 0.4% by weight.  
     
     
         22 . The composition of  claim 10  wherein the water is present in an amount of about 0.05% to about 0.35%.  
     
     
         23 . The composition of  claim 10  wherein the water is present in an amount of about 0.03% to about 0.4%, by weight, and the ratio of isocyanate groups to hydroxyl groups is about 0.6 to about 0.98.  
     
     
         24 . The composition of  claim 10  wherein the water is present in an amount of about 0.05% to about 0.35% by weight, and the ratio of isocyanate groups to hydroxyl groups is about 0.65 to about 0.98.  
     
     
         25 . The composition of  claim 10  wherein the ratio of isocyanate groups to hydroxyl groups is about 0.65 to about 0.85.  
     
     
         26 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein carboxyl groups of the carboxylated polyurethane resin comprise carboxylic acid groups, ester groups having an alkyl group having one to three carbon atoms, or a mixture thereof.  
     
     
         27 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the carboxylated polyurethane resin comprises a PVP/polycarbamyl polyglycol ester.  
     
     
         28 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the carrier comprises water and 0% to about 20%, by weight of the composition, of a lower alcohol.  
     
     
         29 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the carrier is free of a lower alcohol.  
     
     
         30 . The composition of  claim 2  wherein the second hair fixative resin is cationic resin.  
     
     
         31 . The composition of  claim 2  wherein the second hair fixative resin is an anionic resin.  
     
     
         32 . The composition of  claim 2  wherein the second hair fixative resin is a nonionic resin.  
     
     
         33 . The composition of  claim 2  wherein the second hair fixative resin has a glass transition temperature of about 100° C. or greater.  
     
     
         34 . The composition of  claim 2  wherein the second hair fixative resin is selected from the group consisting of an acrylamide copolymer, acrylamide/sodium acrylate copolymer, acrylate/ammonium methacrylate copolymer, an acrylate copolymer, an acrylic/acrylate copolymer, adipic acid/dimethylaminohydroxypropyl diethylenetriamine copolymer, adipic acid/epoxypropyl diethylenetriamine copolymer, allyl stearate/VA copolymer, aminoethylacrylate phosphate/acrylate copolymer, an ammonium acrylate copolymer, an ammonium vinyl acetate/acrylate copolymer, an AMP acrylate/diacetoneacrylamide copolymer, an AMPD acrylate/diacetoneacrylamide copolymer, butyl ester of ethylene/maleic anhydride copolymer, butyl ester of PVM/MA copolymer, calcium/sodium PVM/MA copolymer, corn starch/acrylamide/sodium acrylate copolymer, diethylene glycolamine/epichlorohydrin/piperazine copolymer, dodecanedioic acid/cetearyl alcohol/glycol copolymer, ethyl ester of PVM/MA copolymer, isopropyl ester of PVM/MA copolymer, karaya gum, a methacryloyl ethyl betaine/methacrylate copolymer, an octylacrylamide/acrylate/butylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, an octylacrylamide/acrylate copolymer, phthalic anhydride/glycerin/glycidyl decanoate copolymer, a phthalic/trimellitic/glycol copolymer, polyacrylamide, polyacrylamidomethylpropane sulfonic acid, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylacrylate, polyethylene, polyquaternium-1, polyquaternium-2, polyquaternium-4, polyquaternium-5, polyquaternium-6, polyquaternium-7, polyquaternium-8, polyquaternium-9, polyquaternium-10, polyquaternium-11, polyquaternium-12, polyquaternium-13, polyquaternium-14, polyquaternium-15, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl imidazolinium acetate, polyvinyl methyl ether, PVM/MA copolymer, PVP, PVP/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymer, PVP/eicosene copolymer, PVP/ethyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid copolymer, PVP/hexadecene copolymer, PVP/VA copolymer, PVP/vinyl acetate/itaconic acid copolymer, shellac, sodium acrylate/vinyl alcohol copolymer, sodium carrageenan, starch diethylaminoethyl ether, stearylvinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer, sucrose benzoate/sucrose acetate isobutyrate/butyl benzyl phthalate copolymer, sucrose benzoate/sucrose acetate isobutyrate/butyl benzyl phthalate/methyl methacrylate copolymer, sucrose benzoate/sucrose acetate isobutyrate copolymer, a vinyl acetate/crotonate copolymer, vinyl acetate/crotonic acid copolymer, vinyl acetate/crotonic acid/methacryloxybenzophenone-1 copolymer, vinyl acetate/crotonic acid/vinyl neodecanoate copolymer, and mixtures thereof.  
     
     
         35 . The composition of  claim 2  wherein the second hair fixative resin comprises a butyl ester of a copolymer of vinyl methyl ether and maleic anhydride, an octylacrylamide/acrylate/butylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymer, or a mixture thereof.  
     
     
         36 . The composition of  claim 2  comprising about 1% to about 3% of the carboxylated polyurethane resin, about 1% to about 3% of the second hair fixative resin, 0% to about 10% ethanol, and about 80% to about 98% water, wherein a weight ratio of second hair fixative resin to carboxylated polyurethane resin is one or less.  
     
     
         37 . A method of treating hair to fix the hair in a desired hairstyle comprising: 
 (a) wetting the hair;    (b) applying a hair styling gel composition to the hair, said hair styling gel composition comprising 
 (i) about 0.25% to about 6% by weight of a carboxylated polyurethane resin;  
 (ii) about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of a viscosity enhancer; and  
 (iii) about 15% to about 99.5% by weight water, wherein the carboxylated polyurethane resin has a weight average molecular weight of about 15,000 to about 300,000; and  
   (c) then drying the hair while styling the hair into the desired hairstyle.    
     
     
         38 . The method of  claim 37  wherein the hair styling gel composition further comprises 0% to about 6% by weight of a second hair fixative resin.