US2002013478A1PendingUtilityA1

Calanolide analogues and methods of their use

Assignee: SARAWAK MEDICHEM PHARMACEUTICALS INCPriority: Aug 3, 1994Filed: Mar 21, 2001Published: Jan 31, 2002
Est. expiryAug 3, 2014(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
A61K 45/06C07D 493/14C07D 493/04C07D 311/16
52
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Claims

Abstract

Calanolide analogues that demonstrate potent antiviral activity against many viruses are provided. Also provided is a method of using calanolide analogues for treating or preventing viral infections. The calanolide analogues provided are obtained via syntheses employing chromene 4 and chromanone 7 as key intermediates.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A compound of formula i:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein 
 R 1  and R 2  are independently  or  .  
 
     
     
         2 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein R 1 = and R 2 = .  
     
     
         3 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein R 1 = and R 2 = .  
     
     
         4 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein R 1 = and R 2 = .  
     
     
         5 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein R 1 = and R 2 = .  
     
     
         6 . 6,6,10,11-tetramethyl-4-propyl-2H,6H,12H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b′:5,6- b″]tripyran-2,12-dione.  
     
     
         7 . A compound of formula ii:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein 
 R 1 , R 2 , and R 3  are independently H or CH 3 .  
 
     
     
         8 . The compound of  claim 7 , wherein R 1 =H and R 2 =R 3 =CH 3 .  
     
     
         9 . The compound of  claim 7 , wherein R 1 =R 2 =R 3 =H.  
     
     
         10 . The compound of  claim 7 , wherein R 1 =R 2 CH 3  and R 3 =H.  
     
     
         11 . A compound of formula iii:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein 
 R 1  is C 1 -C 6  linear or branched alkyl.  
 
     
     
         12 . The compound of  claim 11 , wherein R 1 =ethyl.  
     
     
         13 . The compound of  claim 11 , wherein R 1 =isopropyl.  
     
     
         14 . The compound of  claim 11 , having formula vi:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein 
 R1 is C 1 -C 6  linear or branched alkyl.  
 
     
     
         15 . The compound of  claim 14 , wherein R 1 =ethyl.  
     
     
         16 . The compound of  claim 14 , wherein R 1 =isopropyl.  
     
     
         17 . A compound of formula iv:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein 
 R 1  is propyl or phenyl and R 2  is OH or  OH; with the proviso that the compound of formula iv is not (+)-costatolide, (+)-dihydrocostatolide, (+)-soulattrolide, or (+)-calanolide A.  
 
     
     
         18 . The compound of  claim 17 , wherein R 1 =propyl and R 2 = OH.  
     
     
         19 . The compound of  claim 17 , wherein R 1 =phenyl and R 2 = OH.  
     
     
         20 . The compound of  claim 17 , wherein R 1 =propyl and R 2 = OH.  
     
     
         21 . The compound of  claim 17 , having formula vii:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein 
 R 1  is propyl or phenyl and R 2  is OH or OH; with the proviso that the compound of formula vii is not (+)-costatolide, (+)-dihydrocostatolide, (+)-soulattrolide, or (+)-calanolide A.  
 
     
     
         22 . The compound of  claim 21 , wherein R 1 =propyl and R 2 = OH.  
     
     
         23 . The compound of  claim 21 , wherein R 1 =phenyl and R 2 = OH.  
     
     
         24 . The compound of  claim 21 , wherein R 1 =propyl and R 2 = OH.  
     
     
         25 . A method of preventing or treating a viral infection comprising administering to a mammal an effective, non-toxic amount of at least one antiviral compound of the formula I:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein 
 R 1  is H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, mono-or poly-fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, hydroxy-C 1-6  alkyl, C 1-6  alkoxy, amino-C 1-8  alkyl, C 1-6  alkylamino, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino, C 1-8  alkylamino-C 1-8  alkyl, di(C 1-6  alkyl) amino-C 1-8  alkyl, cyclohexyl, aryl, or heterocycle, wherein aryl or heterocycle may each be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the following: C 1-6  alkyl, C 1-6  alkoxy, hydroxy-C 1-4  alkyl, hydroxyl, amino, C 1-6  alkylamino, di(C 1-6  alkyl) amino, amino-C 1-8  alkyl, C 1-8  alkylamino-C 1-8  alkyl, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino-C 1-8  alkyl, nitro, azido or halogen;  
 R 2  is H, halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, mono- or poly-fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, aryl or heterocycle;  
 R 3  and R 4  are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, mono- or poly- fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, hydroxy-C 1-6  alkyl, amino-C 1-8  alkyl, C 1-8  alkylamino-C 1-8  alkyl, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino-C 1-8  alkyl, cyclohexyl, aryl or heterocycle; and R 3  and R 4  can be taken together to form a 5-7 membered saturated cycle ring or heterocyclic ring;  
 R 5  and R 6  are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, mono- or poly-fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, aryl or heterocycle; and R 5  and R 6  can be taken together to form a 5-7 membered saturated cycle ring or heterocycle ring;  
 R 7  is H, halogen, methyl, or ethyl;  
 R 8  and R 9  are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, mono- or poly- fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, hydroxy-C 1-6  alkyl, amino-C 1-8  alkyl, C 1-8  alkylamino-C 1-8  alkyl, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino-C 1-8  alkyl, cyclohexyl, aryl or heterocycle; and R 8  and R 9  can be taken together to form a 5-7 membered saturated cycle ring or heterocyclic ring;  
 R 10  is halogen, O, OR 11 , NOR 11 , NHOR 11 , NOR 12 , NHOR 12 , NR 11 R 12 , NR 12 , or NR 12 R 13 ; wherein R 11  is H, acyl, P(O)(OH) 2 , S(O)(OH) 2 , CO(C 1-10  alkyl)CO 2 H, (C 1-8  alkyl)CO 2 H, CO(C 1-10  alkyl)NR 12 R 13 , (C 1-8  alkyl) NR 12 R 13 ; R 12  and R 13  are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl, and aryl-C 1-6  alkyl; and R 12  and R 13  can be taken together to form a 5-7 membered saturated heterocyclic ring containing said nitrogen; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.  
 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein the viral infection is from a virus selected from the group consisting of Hepatitis B, a herpes virus, or a respiratory virus.  
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 26 , wherein the herpes virus is Herpes Simplex Type 1, Herpes Simplex Type 2, Cytomegalovirus, Varicella Zoster Virus, or Epstein Barr Virus.  
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 26 , wherein the respiratory virus is Influenza A, Influenza B, Parainfluenza, Adenovirus, Measles, or Respiratory Syncytial Virus.  
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein the antiviral compound comprises formula i:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein 
 R 1  and R 2  are independently  or  .  
 
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein R 1 = and R 2 = .  
     
     
         31 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein R 1 = and R 2 = .  
     
     
         32 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein R 1 = and R 2 = .  
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein R 1 = and R 2 = .  
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 29 , wherein the viral infection is from a virus selected from the group consisting of Hepatitis B, a herpes virus, or a respiratory virus.  
     
     
         35 . The method of  claim 34 , wherein the herpes virus is Herpes Simplex Type 1, Herpes Simplex Type 2, Cytomegalovirus, Varicella Zoster Virus, or Epstein Barr Virus.  
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 34 , wherein the respiratory virus is Influenza A, Influenza B, Parainfluenza, Adenovirus, Measles, or Respiratory Syncytial Virus.  
     
     
         37 . The method of  claim 30 , wherein the viral infection is from a virus selected from the group consisting of Hepatitis B, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr Virus, or measles.  
     
     
         38 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein the antiviral compound comprises 6,6,10,11 -tetramethyl-4-propyl-2H,6H, 12H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b′:5,6-b″]tripyran-2,12-dione.  
     
     
         39 . The method of  claim 38 , wherein the viral infection is from a virus selected from the group consisting of Hepatitis B, a herpes virus, or a respiratory virus.  
     
     
         40 . The method of  claim 39 , wherein the herpes virus is Herpes Simplex Type 1, Herpes Simplex Type 2, Cytomegalovirus, Varicella Zoster Virus, or Epstein Barr Virus.  
     
     
         41 . The method of  claim 39 , wherein the respiratory virus is Influenza A, Influenza B, Parainfluenza, Adenovirus, Measles, or Respiratory Syncytial Virus.  
     
     
         42 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein the antiviral compound comprises formula ii:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein 
 R 1 , R 2 , and R 3  are independently H or CH 3 .  
 
     
     
         43 . The method of  claim 42 , wherein R 1 =H and R 2 =R 3 =CH 3 .  
     
     
         44 . The method of  claim 42 , wherein R 1 =R 2 =R 3 =H.  
     
     
         45 . The method of  claim 42 , wherein R 1 =R 2 =CH 3  and R 3 =H.  
     
     
         46 . The method of  claim 42 , wherein the viral infection is from a virus selected from the group consisting of Hepatitis B, a herpes virus, or a respiratory virus.  
     
     
         47 . The method of  claim 46 , wherein the herpes virus is Herpes Simplex Type 1, Herpes Simplex Type 2, Cytomegalovirus, Varicella Zoster Virus, or Epstein Barr Virus.  
     
     
         48 . The method of  claim 46 , wherein the respiratory virus is Influenza A, Influenza B, Parainfluenza, Adenovirus, Measles, or Respiratory Syncytial Virus.  
     
     
         49 . The method of  claim 44 , wherein the viral infection is from Hepatitis B.  
     
     
         50 . The method of  claim 45 , wherein the viral infection is from Hepatitis B.  
     
     
         51 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein the antiviral compound comprises formula iii:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein 
 R 1  is C 1 -C 6  linear or branched alkyl.  
 
     
     
         52 . The method of  claim 51 , wherein R 1 =ethyl.  
     
     
         53 . The method of  claim 51 , wherein R 1 =isopropyl.  
     
     
         54 . The method of  claim 51 , wherein the viral infection is from a virus selected from the group consisting of Hepatitis B, a herpes virus, or a respiratory virus.  
     
     
         55 . The method of  claim 54 , wherein the herpes virus is Herpes Simplex Type l, Herpes Simplex Type 2, Cytomegalovirus, Varicella Zoster Virus, or Epstein Barr Virus.  
     
     
         56 . The method of  claim 54 , wherein the respiratory virus is Influenza A, Influenza B, Parainfluenza, Adenovirus, Measles, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.  
     
     
         57 . The method of  claim 51 , wherein the antiviral compound comprises formula vi:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein 
 R 1  is C 1 -C 6  linear or branched alkyl.  
 
     
     
         58 . The method of  claim 57 , wherein R 1 =ethyl.  
     
     
         59 . The method of  claim 57 , wherein R 1 =isopropyl.  
     
     
         60 . The method of  claim 57 , wherein the viral infection is from a virus selected from the group consisting of Hepatitis B, a herpes virus, or a respiratory virus.  
     
     
         61 . The method of  claim 60 , wherein the herpes virus is Herpes Simplex Type 1, Herpes Simplex Type 2, Cytomegalovirus, Varicella Zoster Virus, or Epstein Barr Virus.  
     
     
         62 . The method of  claim 60 , wherein the respiratory virus is Influenza A, Influenza B, Parainfluenza, Adenovirus, Measles, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.  
     
     
         63 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein the antiviral compound comprises formula iv:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein 
 R 1  is propyl or phenyl and R 2  is  OH or  OH.  
 
     
     
         64 . The method of  claim 63 , wherein R 1 =propyl and R 2 = OH.  
     
     
         65 . The method of  claim 63 , wherein R 1 =phenyl and R 2 = OH.  
     
     
         66 . The method of  claim 63 , wherein R 1 =propyl and R 2 = OH.  
     
     
         67 . The method of  claim 63 , wherein the viral infection is from a virus selected from the group consisting of Hepatitis B, a herpes virus, or a respiratory virus.  
     
     
         68 . The method of  claim 67 , wherein the herpes virus is Herpes Simplex 1 0 Type 1, Herpes Simplex Type 2, Cytomegalovirus, Varicella Zoster Virus, or Epstein Barr Virus.  
     
     
         69 . The method of  claim 67 , wherein the respiratory virus is Influenza A, Influenza B, Parainfluenza, Adenovirus, Measles, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.  
     
     
         70 . The method of  claim 64 , wherein the viral infection is from a virus selected from the group consisting of Hepatitis B or Cytomegalovirus.  
     
     
         71 . The method of  claim 63 , wherein the antiviral compound comprises formula vii:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein 
 R 1  is propyl or phenyl and R 2  is  OH or  OH.  
 
     
     
         72 . The method of  claim 71 , wherein R 1 =propyl and R 2 = OH.  
     
     
         73 . The method of  claim 71 , wherein R 1 =phenyl and R 2 = OH.  
     
     
         74 . The method of  claim 71 , wherein R 1 =propyl and R 2 = OH.  
     
     
         75 . The method of  claim 71 , wherein the viral infection is from a virus selected from the group consisting of Hepatitis B, a herpes virus, or a respiratory virus.  
     
     
         76 . The method of  claim 75 , wherein the herpes virus is Herpes Simplex Type 1, Herpes Simplex Type 2, Cytomegalovirus, Varicella Zoster Virus, or Epstein Barr Virus.  
     
     
         77 . The method of  claim 75 , wherein the respiratory virus is Influenza A, Influenza B, Parainfluenza, Adenovirus, Measles, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.  
     
     
         78 . The method of  claim 72 , wherein the viral infection is from a virus selected from the group consisting of Hepatitis B or Cytomegalovirus.  
     
     
         79 . The method of  claim 25 , which further comprises co-administering an effective therapeutic amount of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a second antiviral compound, an immunostimulant, an immunomodulator, an antibiotic, or a chemokine inhibitor.  
     
     
         80 . The method of  claim 79 , wherein the second antiviral compound is a protease inhibitor.  
     
     
         81 . The method of  claim 80 , wherein the protease inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of indinavir, saquinavir, ritonavir, and nelfmavir.  
     
     
         82 . The method of  claim 79 , wherein the second antiviral compound is a biflavanoid.  
     
     
         83 . The method of  claim 82 , wherein the biflavanoid is selected from the group consisting of robustaflavone, amentoflavone, and a derivate or salt thereof.  
     
     
         84 . The method of  claim 79 , wherein the second antiviral compound is selected from the group consisting of AZT, ddC, ddI, D4T, 3TC, acyclovir, gancyclovir, fluorinated nucleosides and nonnucleoside analog compounds such as TIBO derivatives and nevirapine, α-interfon, recombinant CD4, amantadine, rimantadine, ribavirin, and vidarabine.  
     
     
         85 . The method of  claim 79 , wherein the immunostimulant is an interleukin or cytokine.  
     
     
         86 . The method of  claim 79 , wherein the antibiotic is an antibacterial agent, antifungal agent, or anti-pneumocysitis agent.  
     
     
         87 . A compound of the formula I:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein 
 R 1  is H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, mono-or poly-fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, hydroxy-C 1-6  alkyl, C 1-6  alkoxy, amino-C 1-8  alkyl, C 1-6  alkylamino, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino, C 1-8  alkylamino-C 1-8  alkyl, di(C 1-6  alkyl) amino-C 1-8  alkyl, cyclohexyl, aryl, or heterocycle, wherein aryl or heterocycle may each be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the following: C 1-6  alkyl, C 1-6  alkoxy, hydroxy-C 1-4  alkyl, hydroxyl, amino, C 1-6  alkylamino, di(C 1-6  alkyl) amino, amino-C 1-8  alkyl, C 1-8  alkylamino-C 1-8  alkyl, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino-C 1-8  alkyl, nitro, azido or halogen;  
 R 2  is H, halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, mono- or poly-fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, aryl or heterocycle;  
 R 3  and R 4  are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, mono- or poly- fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, hydroxy-C 1-6  alkyl, amino-C 1-8  alkyl, C 1-8  alkylamino-C 1-8  alkyl, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino-C 1-8  alkyl, cyclohexyl, aryl or heterocycle; and R 3  and R 4  can be taken together to form a 5-7 membered saturated cycle ring or heterocyclic ring;  
 R 5  and R 6  are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, mono- or poly-fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, aryl or heterocycle; and R 5  and R 6  can be taken together to form a 5-7 membered saturated cycle ring or heterocycle ring;  
 R 7  is H, halogen, methyl, or ethyl;  
 R 8  and R 9  are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, mono- or poly- fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, hydroxy-C 1-6  alkyl, amino-C 1-8  alkyl, C 1-8  alkylamino-C 1-8  alkyl, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino-C 1-8  alkyl, cyclohexyl, aryl or heterocycle; and R 8  and R 9  can be taken together to form a 5-7 membered saturated cycle ring or heterocyclic ring;  
 R 10  is halogen, O, OR 11 , NOR 11 , NHOR 11 , NOR 12 , NHOR 12 , NR 11 , R 12 , NR 12 , or NR 12 R 13 ; wherein R 11  is H, acyl, P(O)(OH) 2 , S(O)(OH) 2 , CO(C 1-10  alkyl)CO 2 H, (C 1-8  alkyl)CO 2 H, CO(C 1-10  alkyl)NR 12 R 13 , (C 1-8  alkyl) NR 12 R 13 ; R 12  and R 13  are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl, and aryl-C 1-6  alkyl; and R 12  and R 13  can be taken together to form a 5-7 membered saturated heterocyclic ring containing said nitrogen;  
 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, alone or in combination with a carrier.  
 
     
     
         88 . The compound of  claim 87 , having formula viii:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein 
 R 1  is H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, mono- or poly-fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, hydroxy-C 1-6  alkyl, C 1-6  alkoxy, anino-C 1-8  alkyl, C 1-6  alkylamino, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino, C 1-8  alkylamino-C 1-8  alkyl, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino-C 1-8  alkyl, cyclohexyl, aryl or heterocycle, wherein aryl or heterocycle may each be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the following: C 1-6  alkyl, C 1-6  alkoxy, hydroxy-C 1-4  alkyl, hydroxyl, amino, C 1-6  alkylamino, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino, amino-C 1-8  alkyl, C 1-8  alkylamino-C 1-8  alkyl, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amnino-C 1-8  alkyl, nitro, azido or halogen;  
 R 2  is H, halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-8  alkyl, mono- or poly-fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, aryl or heterocycle;  
 R 3  and R 4  are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, mono- or poly- fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, hydroxy-C 1-6  alkyl, amino-C 1-8  alkyl, C 1-8  alkylamino-C 1-8  alkyl, di(C 1-6  alkyl) amino-C 1-8  alkyl, cyclohexyl, aryl or heterocycle; and R 3  and R 4  can be taken together to form a 5-7 membered saturated cycle ring or heterocyclic ring;  
 R 5  and R 6  are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C,6 alkyl, mono- or poly- fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, aryl or heterocycle;  
 R 7  is H, halogen, methyl, or ethyl;  
 R 8  and R 9  are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, mono- or poly- fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, hydroxy-C 1-6  alkyl, mono- or poly-fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, hydroxy-C 1-6  alkyl, amino-C 1-8  alkyl, C 1-8  alkylamino-C 1-8  alkyl, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino-C 1-8  alkyl, cyclohexyl, aryl or heterocycle; and R 8  and Rg can be taken together to form a 5-7 membered saturated cycle ring or heterocyclic ring;  
 R 10  is halogen, OR 11 , NHOR 11 , NHOR 12 , NR 11 R 12 , NR 12 R 13 ; wherein R 11  is H, acyl, P(O)(OH) 2 , S(O)(OH) 2 , CO(C 1-10  alkyl)CO 2 H, (C 1-8  alkyl)CO 2 H, CO(C 1-10  alkyl)NR 12 R 13 , (C 1-8  alkyl) NR 12 R 13 ; R 12  and R 13  are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C 1  alkyl; and R 12  and R 13  can be taken together to form a 5-7 membered saturated heterocyclic ring containing said nitrogen;  
 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, alone or in combination with a carrier; with the proviso that when R 1  is n-propyl or phenyl, R 2 , R 7 , and R 8  are H, R 5 , R 6 , and R 9  are methyl, and R 10  is OH, then R 3  and R 4  cannot both be H; when R 1  is n-propyl or phenyl, R 2 , R 4 , R 7 , and R 8  are H, R 5 , R 6 , and R 9  are methyl, and R 10  is OH, then R 3  cannot be methyl; when R 1  is n-propyl or phenyl, R 2 , R 3 , R 7 , and R 9  are H, R 5 , R 6 , and R 8  are methyl, and R 10  is OH, then R 4  cannot be methyl.  
 
     
     
         89 . The compound of  claim 88  wherein R 3 is methyl.  
     
     
         90 . The compound of  claim 89  wherein R 4 is methyl.  
     
     
         91 . The compound of  claim 90  wherein R 8  is H.  
     
     
         92 . The compound of  claim 91  wherein R 9  is methyl.  
     
     
         93 . The compound of  claim 92  wherein R 1  is phenyl.  
     
     
         94 . The compound of  claim 92  wherein R 1  is n-propyl.  
     
     
         95 . The compound of  claim 88 , wherein R 1 =n-propyl; R 3 =R 4 =R 5 =R 6 =R 9 =methly; R 2 =R 7 =R 8 =H; and R 10 =OH.  
     
     
         96 . The compound of  claim 88 , wherein R 1 =n-propyl; R 3 =R 4 =R 5 =R 6 =R 8 =methyl; R 2 =R 7 =R 9 =H; and R 10 =OH.  
     
     
         97 . The compound of  claim 89  wherein R 4  is H.  
     
     
         98 . The compound of  claim 97  wherein R 8  is H.  
     
     
         99 . The compound of  claim 98  wherein R 9  is ethyl.  
     
     
         100 . The compound of  claim 99  wherein R 1  is phenyl.  
     
     
         101 . The compound of  claim 99  wherein R 1  is n-propyl.  
     
     
         102 . The compound of  claim 88 , wherein R 1 =n-propyl; R 2 =R 4 =R 7  =R 8 =H; R 3 =R 5 =R 6 =methyl; R 10 =ethyl; and R 10 =OH.  
     
     
         103 . The compound of  claim 88 , wherein R 1 =n-propyl; R 2 =R 3 =R 7 =R 9 =H; R 4 =R 5 =R 6 =methiyl; R 8 =ethyl; and R 10 =OH.  
     
     
         104 . The compound of  claim 88 , wherein R 1 =n-propyl, R 2 =R 3 =R 7 =R 8 =H; R 4 =R 5 =R 6 =methyl; R 8 =ethyl; and R 10 =OH.  
     
     
         105 . The compound of  claim 88 , wherein R 1 =n-propyl, R 2 =R 4 =R 7 =R 9 =H; R 3 =R 5 =R 6 =methyl; R 8 =ethyl; and R 10 =OH.  
     
     
         106 . The compound of  claim 89  wherein R 8  is methyl.  
     
     
         107 . The compound of  claim 106  wherein R 9  is methyl.  
     
     
         108 . The compound of  claim 107  wherein R 4  is H.  
     
     
         109 . The compound of  claim 108  wherein R 1  is phenyl.  
     
     
         110 . The compound of  claim 108  wherein R 1  is n-propyl.  
     
     
         111 . The compound of  claim 108 , wherein R 1 =n-propyl; R 2 =R 4 =R 7 =H; R 3 =R 5 =R 6 =R 8 =R 9 =metiyl; and R 10 =OH.  
     
     
         112 . The compound of  claim 88 , wherein R 1 =n-propyl; R 2 =R 3 =R 7 =H; R 4 =R 5 =R 6 =R 8 =R 9 =methyl; and R 10 =OH.  
     
     
         113 . The compound of  claim 87 , having formula ix:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein 
 R 1  is H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, mono- or poly-fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, hydroxy-C 1-6  alkyl, C 1-6  alkoxy, amino-C 1-8  alkyl, C 1-6  alkylamino, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino, C 1-8  alkylamino-C 1-8  alkyl, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino-C 1-8  alkyl, cyclohexyl, aryl or heterocycle, wherein aryl or heterocycle may each be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the following: C 1-6  alkyl, C 1-6  alkoxy, hydroxy-C 1-4  alkyl, hydroxyl, amino, C 1-6  alkylamino, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino, amino-C 1-8  alkyl, C 1-8  alkylamino-C 1-8  alkyl, di(C, alkyl)amino-C 1-8  alkyl, nitro, azido or halogen;  
 R 2  is H, halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, mono- or poly-fluorinated C 1-6 alkyl, aryl or heterocycle;  
 R 3  and R 4  are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, C  1-6  aLkyl, aryl-Cl alkyl, mono- or poly- fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, hydroxy-C 1-6  alkyl, amino-C 1-8  alkyl, C 1-8  alkylamino-C 1-8  alkyl, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino-C 1-8  alkyl, cyclohexyl, aryl or heterocycle; and R 3  and R 4  can be taken together to form a 5-7 membered saturated cycle ring or heterocyclic ring;  
 R 5  and R 6  are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C, alkyl, mono- or poly- fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, aryl or heterocycle; and R 5  and R 6  can be taken together to form a 5-7 membered saturated cycle ring or heterocyclic ring;  
 R 7  is H, halogen, methyl, or ethyl;  
 R 8  and R 9  are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, mono- or poly-fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, hydroxy-C 1-6  alkyl, amino-C 1-8  alkyl, C 1-8  alkylamino-C 1-8  alkyl, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino-C 1-8  alkyl, cyclohexyl, aryl or heterocycle; and R 8  and R 9  can be taken together to form a 5-7 membered saturated cycle ring or heterocyclic ring;  
 R 10  is halogen, OR 11 , NHOR 11 , NHOR 12 , NR 11 R 12 , NR12R 13 ; wherein R 11  is H, acyl, P(O)(OH) 2 , S(O)(OH) 2 , CO(C 1-10  alkyl)CO 2 H, (C 1-8  alkyl)CO 2 H, CO(C 1-10  alkyl)NR 12 R 13 , (C 1-8  alkyl) NR 12 R 13 ; R 12  and R 13  are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C 1-6  alkyl; and R 12  and R 13  can be taken together to form a 5-7 membered saturated heterocyclic ring containing said nitrogen;  
 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, alone or in combination with a carrier; with the proviso that when RI is n-propyl, R 2 , R 4 , R 7 , and R 8  are H, R 5 , R 6 , and R 9  are methyl, and R 10  is OH, then R 3  cannot be methyl; when R 1  is n-propyl, R 2 , R 3 , R 7 , and R 9  are H, R 5 , R 6 , and R 8  are methyl, and R 10  is OH, then R 4  cannot be methyl.  
 
     
     
         114 . The compound of  claim 87 , having formula x:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein 
 R 1 is H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, mono- or poly-fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, hydroxy-C 1-6  alkyl, C 1-6  alkoxy, amino-C 1-8  alkyl, C 1-6  alkylamino, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino, C 1-8  alkylamino-C 1-8  alkyl, di(C 1-6  alkyl) amino-C 1-8  alkyl, cyclohexyl, aryl, or heterocycle, wherein aryl or heterocycle may each be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the following: C 1-6  alkyl, C 1-6  alkoxy, hydroxy-C 1-4  alkyl, hydroxyl, amino, C 1-6  alkylamino, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino, arino-C 1-8  alkyl, C 1-8  alkylamono-C 1-8  alkyl, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino-C 1-8  alkyl, nitro, azido or halogen;  
 R 2  is H, halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, mono- or poly-fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, aryl or heterocycle;  
 R 3  and R 4  are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, mono- or poly- fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, hydroxy-C 1-6  alkyl amno-C 1-8  alkyl, C 1-8  alkylamino-C 1-8  alkyl, di(C 1-6  alkyl)amino-C 1-8  alkyl, cyclohexyl, aryl or heterocycle; and R 3  and R 4  can be taken together to form a 5-7 membered saturated cycle ring or heterocyclic ring;  
 R 5  and R 6  are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C, 6  alkyl, mono- or poly-fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, aryl or heterocycle; and R 5  and R 6  can be taken together to form a 5-7 membered saturated cycle ring or heterocycle ring;  
 R 7  is H, halogen, methyl, or ethyl;  
 R 8  and R 9  are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, mono- or poly- fluorinated C 1-6  alkyl, hydroxy-C 1-6  alkyl, amino-C 1-8 alkyl, C   1-8  alkylamlno-C 1-8  alkyl, di(C 1-8  alkyl)amino-C 1-8  alkyl, cyclohexyl, aryl or heterocycle; and R 8  and R 9  can be taken together to form a 5-7 membered saturated cycle ring or heterocyclic ring;  
 R 10  is H, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl and aryl-C 1-6  alkyl, acyl, P(O)(OH) 2 , S(O)(OH) 2 , CO(C 1-10  alkyl)CO 2 H, (C 1-8  alkyl)CO 2 H, CO(C 1-10  alkyl)NR 11 R 12 , (C 1-8  alkyl) NR 11 R 12 ; wherein R 11  and R 12  are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C 1-6  alkyl, aryl, and aryl-C 1-6 alkyl; and R 11  and R 12  can be taken together to form a 5-7 membered saturated heterocyclic ring containing said nitrogen;  
 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, alone or in combination with a carrier.

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