Ultrafine L-carnitine, methods of preparing the same, compositions containing the same, and methods of using the same

Abstract

L-carnitine which has a particle size such that it substantially passes through a 100 USBS mesh sieve exhibits an increased bioavailability, a decreased hygroscopicity, and may be conveniently formulated with oil-based materials.

What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States is:  
     
         1 . L-carnitine, having a particle size such that it substantially passes through a 100 USBS mesh sieve.  
     
     
         2 . The L-carnitine of  claim 1 , which is selected from the group consisting of L-carnitine, salts of L-carnitine, alkanoyl L-carnitines, and salts of alkanoyl L-carnitine .  
     
     
         3 . The L-carnitine of  claim 1 , which is selected from the group consisting of L-carnitine chloride, L-carnitine bromide, L-carnitine orotate, L-carnitine acid aspartate, L-carnitine acid phosphate, L-carnitine fumarate, L-carnitine lactate, L-carnitine maleate, L-carnitine acid maleate, L-carnitine acid oxalate, L-carnitine acid sulfate, L-carnitine glucose phosphate, L-carnitine tartrate, L-carnitine acid tartrate, L-carnitine iodate, L-carnitine aspartate, L-carnitine citrate, L-carnitine acid citrate, L-carnitine acid fumarate, L-carnitine glycerophosphate, L-carnitine mucate, L-carnitine orotate, L-carnitine oxalate, L-carnitine sulfate, L-carnitine trichloroacetate, L-carnitine trifluoroacetate, L-carnitine methanesulfonate, L-carnitine pamoate, L-carnitine acid pamoate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitines, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine chloride, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine bromide, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine orotate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid aspartate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid phosphate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine fumarate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine lactate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine maleate, C 2-8 , alkanoyl L-carnitine acid maleate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid oxalate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid sulfate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine glucose phosphate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine tartrate, C 2-8 , alkanoyl L-carnitine acid tartrate, C 2-8 , alkanoyl L-carnitine iodate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine aspartate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine citrate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid citrate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid fimarate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine glycerophosphate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine mucate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine orotate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine oxalate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine sulfate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine trichloroacetate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine trifluoroacetate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine methanesulfonate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine pamoate, and C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid pamoate.  
     
     
         4 . A method of preparing L-carnitine, having a particle size such that it substantially passes through a 100 USBS mesh sieve, comprising: 
 (1) subjecting L-carnitine having a particle size such that it does not pass through a 100 USBS mesh sieve to size reduction, to obtain size-reduced L-carnitine; and    (2) subjecting said size-reduced L-carnitine to sieving through a 100 USBS mesh sieve and selecting that portion which passes through said 100 USBS mesh sieve.    
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein said L-carnitine is selected from the group consisting of L-carnitine, salts of L-carnitine, alkanoyl L-carnitines, and salts of alkanoyl L-carnitine.  
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein said L-carnitine is selected from the group consisting of L-carnitine chloride, L-carnitine bromide, L-carnitine orotate, L-carnitine acid aspartate, L-carnitine acid phosphate, L-carnitine fumarate, L-carnitine lactate, L-carnitine maleate, L-carnitine acid maleate, L-carnitine acid oxalate, L-carnitine acid sulfate, L-carnitine glucose phosphate, L-carnitine tartrate, L-carnitine acid tartrate, L-carnitine iodate, L-carnitine aspartate, L-carnitine citrate, L-carnitine acid citrate, L-carnitine acid fumarate, L-carnitine glycerophosphate, L-carnitine mucate, L-carnitine orotate, L-carnitine oxalate, L-carnitine sulfate, L-carnitine trichloroacetate, L-carnitine trifluoroacetate, L-carnitine methanesulfonate, L-carnitine pamoate, L-carnitine acid pamoate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitines, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine chloride, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine bromide, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine orotate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid aspartate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid phosphate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine fumarate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine lactate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine maleate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid maleate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid oxalate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid sulfate, C 2-8 , alkanoyl L-carnitine glucose phosphate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine tartrate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid tartrate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine iodate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine aspartate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine citrate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid citrate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid fumarate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine glycerophosphate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine mucate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine orotate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine oxalate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine sulfate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine trichloroacetate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine trifluoroacetate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine methanesulfonate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine pamoate, and C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid pamoate.  
     
     
         7 . A composition, comprising: 
 (A) L-carnitine having a particle size such that it substantially passes through a 100 USBS mesh sieve; and    (B) a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier.    
     
     
         8 . The composition of  claim 7 , wherein said L-carnitine is selected from the group consisting of L-carnitine, salts of L-carnitine, alkanoyl L-carnitines, and salts of alkanoyl L-carnitine.  
     
     
         9 . The composition of  claim 7 , wherein said L-carnitine is selected from the group consisting of L-carnitine chloride, L-carnitine bromide, L-carnitine orotate, L-carnitine acid aspartate, L-carnitine acid phosphate, L-carnitine fumarate, L-carnitine lactate, L-carnitine maleate, L-carnitine acid maleate, L-carnitine acid oxalate, L-carnitine acid sulfate, L-carnitine glucose phosphate, L-carnitine tartrate, L-carnitine acid tartrate, L-carnitine iodate, L-carnitine aspartate, L-carnitine citrate, L-carnitine acid citrate, L-carnitine acid fumarate, L-carnitine glycerophosphate, L-carnitine mucate, L-carnitine orotate, L-carnitine oxalate, L-carnitine sulfate, L-carnitine trichloroacetate, L-carnitine trifluoroacetate, L-carnitine methanesulfonate, L-carnitine pamoate, L-carnitine acid pamoate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitines, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine chloride, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine bromide, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine orotate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid aspartate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid phosphate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine fumarate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine lactate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine maleate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid maleate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid oxalate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid sulfate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine glucose phosphate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine tartrate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid tartrate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine iodate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine aspartate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine citrate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid citrate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid fumarate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine glycerophosphate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine mucate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine orotate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine oxalate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine sulfate, C 2-8 , alkanoyl L-carnitine trichloroacetate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine trifluoroacetate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine methanesulfonate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine pamoate, and C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid pamoate.  
     
     
         10 . The composition of  claim 7 , which is suitable for oral ingestion.  
     
     
         11 . The composition of  claim 7 , which further comprises hydroxycitric acid, Co-enzyme Q10, chromium picolinate, gamma linolenic acid, resveratrol, omega 3 acids, an antioxidant, or a vitamin.  
     
     
         12 . In a method of treatment, therapy, or prevention, comprising orally administering an effective amount of L-carnitine to a subject in need thereof, the improvement being said L-carnitine has a particle size such that it substantially passes through a 100 USBS mesh sieve.  
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein said L-carnitine is selected from the group consisting of L-carnitine, salts of L-carnitine, alkanoyl L-carnitines, and salts of alkanoyl L-carnitine.  
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein said L-carnitine is selected from the group consisting of L-carnitine chloride, L-carnitine bromide, L-carnitine orotate, L-carnitine acid aspartate, L-carnitine acid phosphate, L-carnitine fumarate, L-carnitine lactate, L-carnitine maleate, L-carnitine acid maleate, L-carnitine acid oxalate, L-carnitine acid sulfate, L-carnitine glucose phosphate, L-carnitine tartrate, L-carnitine acid tartrate, L-carnitine iodate, L-carnitine aspartate, L-carnitine citrate, L-carnitine acid citrate, L-carnitine acid fumarate, L-carnitine glycerophosphate, L-carnitine mucate, L-carnitine orotate, L-carnitine oxalate, L-carnitine sulfate, L-carnitine trichloroacetate, L-carnitine trifluoroacetate, L-carnitine methanesulfonate, L-carnitine pamoate, L-carnitine acid pamoate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitines, C 2-8 -alkanoyl L-carnitine chloride, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine bromide, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine orotate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid aspartate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid phosphate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine fumarate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine lactate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine maleate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid maleate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid oxalate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid sulfate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine glucose phosphate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine tartrate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid tartrate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine iodate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine aspartate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine citrate, C 2-8 , alkanoyl L-carnitine acid citrate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid fumarate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine glycerophosphate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine mucate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine orotate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine oxalate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine sulfate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine trichloroacetate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine trifluoroacetate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine methanesulfonate, C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine pamoate, and C 2-8  alkanoyl L-carnitine acid pamoate.