Method of inactivating pathogens

Abstract

The present invention introduces a class of compounds, 2-substituted carbonyl compounds, that are useful as disinfecting agents, and particularly useful in methods for the disinfection of biological fluids. Members of the class of compounds have been found to possess pathogen invactivating properties against a variety of pathogens. The compounds and methods disclosed herein are useful for disinfecting biological fluids such as blood and blood fractions, among others.

What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A method for inactivating a pathogen in a material comprising: 
 a. providing a pathogen inactivating effective amount of a pathogen inactivating 2-substituted carbonyl compound wherein a 2-substituent is a group that functions as a leaving group in a nucleophilic substitution reaction in aqueous media; and    b. contacting the 2-substituted carbonyl compound with the material under conditions causing inactivation of a pathogen.    
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the material is a biological fluid.  
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein contacting the 2-substituted carbonyl compound with a biological fluid occurs at about 30° to about 40° C.  
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein contacting the 2-substituted carbonyl compound with a biological fluid occurs over a period of at least about one hour.  
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein said pathogen-inactivating-effective amount is that which is capable of achieving viral inactivation of PPV at levels of at least about 1.0 Log 10  in virus titer.  
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein the 2-substituted carbonyl compound and the biological fluid are maintained in contact for a period sufficient to achieve a viral inactivation level of PPV of at least about 4.0 Log 10  in viral titer.  
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein the 2-substituted carbonyl compound is maintained in contact with the biological fluid at a temperature of about 30° to about 40° C.  
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein the pathogen inactivated is selected from the group consisting of viruses, bacteria, yeast, fungi, prions, prion related proteins, and combinations thereof.  
     
     
         9 . A method for inactivating a pathogen in a material that is a biological fluid comprising: 
 a. providing a pathogen inactivating effective amount of a 2-substituted carbonyl compound that is a haloacetaldehyde; and    b. contacting the haloacetaldehyde with the biological fluid under conditions causing inactivation of a pathogen.    
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the haloacetaldehyde is selected from the group consisting of chloroacetaldehyde, bromoacetaldehyde, and iodoacetaldehyde.  
     
     
         11 . A method for disinfecting a clinically significant constituent in a biological fluid comprising contacting said biological fluid with an aqueous solution comprising a pathogen-inactivating-effective amount of a haloacetaldehyde, and recovering said clinically significant constituent from said biological fluid.  
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein said haloacetaldehyde comprises a C-2 substitution with a halogen selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.  
     
     
         13 . A method for disinfecting a material of clinical significance in a biological fluid comprising mixing said biological fluid with an aqueous mixture comprising a pathogen-inactivating-effective amount of a haloacetaldehyde, and incubating said mixture for a period sufficient to achieve viral inactivation levels of at least about 1.0 Log 10  in viral titer, and recovering said material of clinical significance.  
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein said haloacetaldehyde is selected from among fluoroacetaldehyde, chloroacetaldehyde, bromoacetaldehyde, and iodoacetaldehyde.  
     
     
         15 . A method for disinfecting a material of clinical significance in a biological fluid comprising mixing said biological fluid with an aqueous mixture comprising a pathogen-inactivating effective amount of iodoacetaldehyde, and incubating said mixture at about 30° to about 40° C., and recovering said material of clinical significance.  
     
     
         16 . A composition consisting essentially of a pathogen-inactivating-effective amount of a haloacetaldehyde in an aqueous vehicle at pH of from about 5 to about 10, and a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer.  
     
     
         17 . The composition of  claim 16 , wherein said haloacetaldehyde comprises a 2-substitution with a halogen selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.  
     
     
         18 . The composition of  claim 16 , wherein said haloacetaldehyde is selected from the group consisting of chloroacetaldehyde, bromoacetaldehyde, and iodoacetaldehyde.  
     
     
         19 . The composition of  claim 16 , wherein said pathogen-inactivating-effective amount of a haloacetaldehyde is sufficient to achieve PPV inactivation of at least about 1.0 Log 10  of viral titer.  
     
     
         20 . The composition of  claim 16 , wherein said pathogen-inactivating-effective amount of a haloacetaldehyde is sufficient to achieve inactivation of PPV of at least about 4.0 Log 10  of viral titer.  
     
     
         21 . A composition comprising: (i) about 0.05 mM to about 1 mM iodoacetaldehyde; (ii) a buffer selected from the group consisting of acetate and phosphate buffers; and (iv) an aqueous vehicle.  
     
     
         22 . The composition of  claim 21 , wherein the buffer is sodium acetate.  
     
     
         23 . The composition of  claim 21 , wherein the amount of buffer is sufficient to maintain a pH of from about 5 to about 10.  
     
     
         24 . The composition of  claim 21 , further comprising calcium.  
     
     
         25 . A composition comprising: (i) about 1 mM to about 10 mM chloroacetaldehyde; (ii) a buffer selected from the group consisting of acetate and phosphate buffers; and (iii) an aqueous vehicle.  
     
     
         26 . The composition of  claim 25 , wherein the buffer is sodium acetate.  
     
     
         27 . The composition of  claim 25 , wherein the amount of buffer is sufficient to maintain a pH of from about 6 to about 8.  
     
     
         28 . The composition of  claim 25 , further comprising calcium.