Process for melting and casting ruthenium-containing or iridium-containing titanium alloys

Abstract

An improved process for successful and homogeneous incorporation of ruthenium and iridium into titanium and titanium alloy melts, ingots, and castings via traditional melting processes (e.g., VAR and cold-hearth) has been developed. This result is achieved through the use of low-melting point Ti-Ru or Ti-Ir binary master alloys within the general composition range of ≦45 wt. % Ru and with a preferred composition of Ti-(15-40 wt. % Ru), or within the general composition range of ≦61 wt. % Ir and with a preferred composition of TI-(20-58 wt. % Ir). Primary features are its lower melting point than pure titanium, lower density than pure Ru and Ir metals, and the ability to be readily processed into granular or powder forms.

What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A process for manufacturing an alloy comprising titanium and a second metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium and iridium, said process comprising the steps of: 
 (a) producing a master alloy comprising titanium and said second metal, wherein said master alloy, titanium and said second metal each have a melting point, and said master alloy melting point is about equal to or lower than said titanium melting point, and said master alloy melting point is lower than said second metal melting point; and    (b) reducing said master alloy produced in step (a) in size and then blending said reduced master alloy with a source of titanium.    
     
     
         2 . The process of  claim 1  wherein the master alloy formed in step (a) and said second metal each has a density and said master alloy density is less than said second metal density.  
     
     
         3 . The process of  claim 1  wherein the master alloy produced in step (a) is granulated in step (b).  
     
     
         4 . The process of  claim 3  wherein in step (b) the master alloy produced in step (a) is heated after said master alloy is reduced in size.  
     
     
         5 . The process of  claim 1  wherein in step (b) the source of titanium with which the master alloy produced in step (a) is mixed is titanium sponge.  
     
     
         6 . The process of  claim 4  wherein in step (b) the master alloy and source of titanium are melted.  
     
     
         7 . The process of  claim 4  wherein in step (b) the master alloy and source of titanium are cast.  
     
     
         8 . The process of  claim 1  wherein in step (b) the blended master alloy and the source of titanium are subjected to a vacuum-arc remelting (VAR) process.  
     
     
         9 . The process of  claim 6  wherein in step (b) the blended master alloy and the source of titanium are subjected to a cold-hearth, electron beam, or plasma arc melting.  
     
     
         10 . The process of  claim 1  wherein the master alloy melting point is substantially less than the second metal melting point.  
     
     
         11 . The process of  claim 1  wherein the master alloy is a binary alloy.  
     
     
         12 . The process of  claim 1  wherein the second metal is ruthenium.  
     
     
         13 . The process of  claim 12  wherein in step (a) the master alloy contains ruthenium in the amount of from about 0.5% to about 45% by weight.  
     
     
         14 . The process of  claim 13  wherein in step (a) the master alloy contains ruthenium in the amount of from above 15% to about 40% by weight.  
     
     
         15 . The process of  claim 14  wherein the master alloy is a binary alloy.  
     
     
         16 . The process of  claim 1  wherein the second metal is iridium.  
     
     
         17 . The process of  claim 16  wherein in step (a) the master alloy contains iridium in the amount of from about 0.5% to about 61% by weight.  
     
     
         18 . The process of  claim 17  wherein in step (a) the master alloy contains iridium in the amount of from above 20% to about 58% by weight.  
     
     
         19 . The process of  claim 18  wherein the master alloy is a binary alloy.  
     
     
         20 . A product of the process for manufacturing an alloy comprising titanium and a second metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium and iridium said process comprising the steps of: 
 (a) producing a master alloy comprising titanium and said second metal, wherein said master alloy, titanium, and said second meal each have a melting point, and said master alloy melting point is about equal to or lower than either said titanium melting point, and said master alloy melting point is lower than said second metal melting point; and    (b) reducing said master alloy produced in step (a) in size and then blending said reduced master alloy with a source of titanium.    
     
     
         21 . The product of the process of  claim 20  wherein the master alloy formed in step (a) has a density and said second metal has a density and said master alloy density is less than said second metal density.  
     
     
         22 . The product of the process of  claim 20  wherein the master alloy produced in step (a) is granulated in step (b).  
     
     
         23 . The product of the process of  claim 22  wherein in step (b) the master alloy produced in step (a) is heated after said master alloy is reduced in size.  
     
     
         24 . The product of the process of  claim 20  wherein in step (b) the source of titanium with which the master alloy produced in step (a) is mixed is titanium sponge.  
     
     
         25 . The product of the process of  claim 24  wherein in step (b) the master alloy and source of titanium are melted.  
     
     
         26 . The product of the process of  claim 24  wherein in step (b) the melted master alloy and source of titanium are cast.  
     
     
         27 . The product of the process of  claim 22  wherein in step (b) the blended master alloy and the source of titanium are subjected to a vacuum-arc remelting (VAR) process.  
     
     
         28 . The product of the process of  claim 20  wherein in step (b) the blended master alloy and the source of titanium are subjected to cold-hearth electron beam, or plasma arc melting process.  
     
     
         29 . The product of the process of  claim 20  wherein the master alloy melting point is substantially less than the second metal melting point.  
     
     
         30 . The product of the process of  claim 20  wherein the master alloy is a binary alloy.  
     
     
         31 . The product of the process of  claim 20  wherein the second metal is ruthenium.  
     
     
         32 . The product of the process of  claim 30  wherein in step (a) the master alloy contains ruthenium in the amount of from about 0.5% to about 45% by weight.  
     
     
         33 . The product of the process of  claim 32  wherein in step (a) the master alloy contains ruthenium in the amount of from above 15% to about 40% by weight.  
     
     
         34 . The product of the process of  claim 33  wherein the master alloy is a binary alloy.  
     
     
         35 . The product of the process of  claim 20  wherein the second metal is iridium.  
     
     
         36 . The product of the process of  claim 35  wherein in step (a) the master alloy contains iridium in the amount of from about 0.5% to about 61 % by weight.  
     
     
         37 . The product of the process of  claim 36  wherein in step (a) the master alloy contains iridium in the amount of from above 20% to about 58% by weight.  
     
     
         38 . The product of the process of  claim 37  wherein the master alloy is a binary alloy.  
     
     
         39 . A titanium-ruthenium alloy comprising ruthenium in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 45% by weight and titanium in an amount of from about 55% to about 99.5% by weight.  
     
     
         40 . The titanium-ruthenium alloy of  claim 39  which comprises ruthenium in the amount of from above 15% to about 40% by weight.  
     
     
         41 . The titanium-ruthenium alloy of  claim 40  which is a binary alloy.  
     
     
         42 . The titanium-ruthenium alloy of  claim 39  which has a melting temperature equal to or less than about 1670° C.  
     
     
         43 . The titanium-ruthenium alloy of  claim 42  which has a density of less than about 12.2 g/cm 3 .  
     
     
         44 . A titanium-iridium alloy comprising titanium in the amount of from about 0.5% to about 61% by weight and titanium in the amount of about 39% to about 99.5% by weight.  
     
     
         45 . The titanium-iridium alloy of  claim 44  which comprises iridium in the amount of from above 20% to about 58% by weight.  
     
     
         46 . The titanium-iridium alloy of  claim 45  which is a binary alloy.  
     
     
         47 . The titanium-iridium alloy of  claim 44  which has a melting temperature equal to or less than about 1670° C.  
     
     
         48 . The titanium-iridium alloy of  claim 47  which has a density of less than about 22.42 g/cm 3 .  
     
     
         49 . A titanium-ruthenium binary master alloy consisting essentially of ruthenium in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 45% by weight and titanium in an amount of from about 55% to about 99.5% by weight.  
     
     
         50 . The titanium-ruthenium binary master alloy of  claim 49  which comprises ruthenium in the amount of from about 15% to about 40% by weight.  
     
     
         51 . The titanium-ruthenium alloy of  claim 50  which has a melting temperature equal to or less than about 1670° C.  
     
     
         52 . The titanium-ruthenium alloy of  claim 51  which has a density of less than about 12.2 g/cm 3 .  
     
     
         53 . A titanium-iridium binary master alloy consisting essentially of ruthenium in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 61% by weight and titanium in an amount of from about 39% to about 99.5% by weight.  
     
     
         54 . The titanium-iridium binary master alloy of  claim 53  which comprises ruthenium in the amount of from about 20% to about 58% by weight.  
     
     
         55 . The titanium-iridium alloy of  claim 54  which has a melting temperature equal to or less than about 1670° C.  
     
     
         56 . The titanium-iridium alloy of  claim 55  which has a density of less than about 22.42 g/cm 3 .