Electrical power control system, and method for setting electric state variables and/or parameters in a current conductor

Abstract

The invention is directed toward an electrical power control system ( 1 ) in an electrical power system, having: a power control unit ( 2 ) for setting electric state variables and/or parameters in a current conductor, to be controlled, of the electrical power system, having: means ( 3 ) for -detecting electric characteristic values ( u 1 ) of the current conductor; a function processor for applying a control function (F 1 ( u 1 )) from a mathematical set of control functions to the electric characteristic values, and for determining controlled variables ( y ) for achieving the parameters; and coordination means for determining a control function (F 1 ( u 1 )) from the set of control functions with the aid of operating states of the electrical power system. This system renders it possible to achieve a predictive tuned control of the electrical power control system which can also stabilize unusual operating states of the electrical power system.

1 . An electrical power control system ( 1 ) in an electrical power system, having: 
 a power control unit ( 2 ) for setting electric state variables and/or variable parameters in a current conductor, to be controlled, of the electrical power system, having: 
 means ( 3 ) for detecting electric characteristic values ( u   1 ) of the current conductor;  
 a function processor for applying a control function (F 1 ( u   1 )) from a mathematical set of control functions to the electric characteristic values, and for determining controlled variables ( y ) for achieving the state variables and/or parameters; and  
   coordination means for determining a control function (F 1 (u 1 )) from the set of control functions with the aid of operating states of the electrical power system.    
     
     
         2 . The electrical power control system ( 1 ) as claimed in  claim 1 , characterized in that the coordination means has: 
 a coordination control unit ( 4 ), having 
 means ( 5 ) for detecting electric metacharacteristic values (u′ 2 ) of the electrical power system which characterize the operating state of the electrical power system;  
 a coordination processor for applying a mapping (G) to the metacharacteristic values (u′ 2 ) for the purpose of determining an item of selection information (u 2 ) for a suitable control function (F 1 ( u   1 ));  
 means ( 6 ) for transmitting an item of selection information ( u   2 ) at a satisfactory rate via the suitable control function (F 1 ( u   1 )) to the power control unit ( 2 ); and  
   a metafunction control processor in the power control unit ( 2 ) for determining the suitable control function (F 1 ( u   1 )) with the aid of the transmitted item of selection information ( u   2 ).    
     
     
         3 . The electrical power control system ( 1 ) as claimed in  claim 2 , characterized in that the metafunction control processor has means for applying a metacontrol function (F 2 (F 1 ( u   1 ),  u   2 )) which determines the suitable control function (F 1 ( u   1 )), and the item of selection information ( u   2 ) further contains electric metacharacteristic values which are used when applying the metacontrol function (F 2 (F 1 ( u   1 ),  u   2 )) in order also to determine the controlled variables.  
     
     
         4 . The electrical power control system ( 1 ) as claimed in one of  claims 2  to  3 , characterized by a high-speed link ( 6 ) between the coordination control unit ( 4 ) and the power control unit ( 2 ).  
     
     
         5 . The electrical power control system ( 1 ) as claimed in one of  claims 2  to  4 , characterized in that the power control unit ( 2 ) and the coordination control unit ( 4 ) are combined in one device.  
     
     
         6 . The electrical power control system ( 1 ) as claimed in one of  claims 1  to  5 , characterized in that the coordination processor, the metacontrol function processor and/or the function processor are implemented as programs for a data processing system.  
     
     
         7 . The electrical power control system ( 1 ) as claimed in one of  claims 2  to  6 , characterized in that the metacharacteristics are at least partially identical to the characteristics.  
     
     
         8 . The electrical power control system ( 1 ) as claimed in one of  claims 2  to  7 , characterized in that the metacharacteristics are measured at least partially in other areas of the electrical power system than in the current conductor to be controlled.  
     
     
         9 . The electrical power control system as claimed in one of  claims 1  to  8 , characterized in that it further has an analyzing system ( 7 ) for analyzing the characteristics and/or the metacharacteristics, and for checking and/or, if appropriate, changing the control functions (F 1 ( u   1 )), the mapping (G) and/or the function of the metafunction control processor as a function of a result of the analysis.  
     
     
         10 . The electrical power control system ( 1 ) as claimed in  claim 9 , characterized in that the analyzing system further has means for analyzing external characteristic values (u set ), which can be, or are provided by a power management system ( 8 ) of the overall electrical power system.  
     
     
         11 . The electrical power control system as claimed in one of  claims 2  to  10 ; characterized in that the set of control functions (F 1 ( u   1 )) is a countable plurality of control functions (F 1 ( u   1 )) which is determined by a metacontrol function (F 2 (F 1 ( u   1 ),  u   2 )).  
     
     
         12 . The electrical power control system ( 1 ) as claimed in one of  claims 2  to  11 , characterized in that the set of control functions constitutes a continuum which is described by a metacontrol function (F 2 (F 1 ( u   1 ),  u   2 )).  
     
     
         13 . The electrical power control system ( 1 ) as claimed in one of  claims 1  to  12 , characterized in that the control functions (F 1 ( u   1 )) can regulate the controlled variables ( y ) such that values of prescribed electric characteristics of the current conductor to be controlled can be kept within prescribed, stable ranges of values, a first control function (F 1 ( u   1 )) for normal operation being able to comply with first stable ranges of values, and at least one second control function (F 1 ( u   1 )) for a change in the operating state being able to comply with second stable ranges of values, which also cover the first stable ranges of values.  
     
     
         14 . A method for setting electric state variables and/or parameters in a current conductor, to be controlled, of an electrical power system, having the following steps: 
 establishing electric metacharacteristic values (u′ 2 );    applying a mapping (G) to the metacharacteristic values (u′ 2 ) in order to generate an item of selection information ( u   2 ) with regard to a control function (F 1 ( u   1 )) to be applied;    applying the item of selection information ( u   2 ) to a metacontrol function (F 2 (F 1 ( u   1 ),  u   2 )) which determines a control function (F 1 ( u   1 )) to be applied from a mathematical set of control functions; and    applying the established control function (F 1 ( u   1 )) to electric characteristic values ( u   1 ) of the current conductor which fixes the controlled variables ( y ) for controlling the current conductor.    
     
     
         15 . The method as claimed in  claim 14 , characterized in that a control function (F 1 ( u   1 )) is determined with the aid of the item of selection information ( u   2 ), which is built into the control function (F 1 ( u   1 )) as modulating term.  
     
     
         16 . The method as claimed in  claim 14  or  15 , characterized in that the metacharacteristics (u′ 2 ) are at least partially identical to the characteristics ( u   1 ).  
     
     
         17 . The method as claimed in one of  claims 14  to  16 , characterized in that the metacharacteristics (u′ 2 ) are measured at least partially in other areas of the electrical power system than in the current conductor to be controlled.  
     
     
         18 . The method as claimed in one of  claims 14  to  17 , characterized in that the mapping (G) assigns specific ranges of values to metacharacteristics (u′ 2 ) of specific items of selection information ( u   2 ) for control functions (F 1 ( u   1 )), and when the metacharacteristic values (u′ 2 ) belong to a specific range provides the metacontrol function (F 2 (F 1 ( u   1 ),  u   2 )) with the selection information ( u   2 ) belonging to this range.  
     
     
         19 . The method as claimed in one of  claims 14  to  18 , characterized in that the selection information ( u   2 ) further includes electric metacharacteristic values which are used in the application of the metacontrol function (F 2 (F 1 ( u   1 ),  u   2 )) in order to determine the controlled variables ( y ).  
     
     
         20 . The method as claimed in one of  claims 14  to  19 , characterized in that an analysis is additionally carried out in which the characteristic values and/or the metacharacteristic values (u′ 2 ) are used to check and/or, if appropriate, to change the control functions (F 1 (u 1 )), the mapping (G) and/or the metacontrol function (F 2 (F 1 ( u   1 ),  u   2 )).  
     
     
         21 . The method as claimed in  claim 20 , characterized in that a period (ΔT CC ) required for carrying out the method from establishing electric metacharacteristics (u′ 2 ) to applying the fixed control function (F 1 ( u   1 )) to electric characteristics of the current conductor is shorter than a time interval (ΔT CR ) which is provided for carrying out the analysis and for changing the control functions (F 1 ( u   1 )), the mapping (G) and the metacontrol function (F 2 (F 1 ( u   1 ),  u   2 )).  
     
     
         22 . The method as claimed in  claim 21 , characterized in that the period (ΔT CC ) is at least one hundred times shorter than the time interval (ΔT CR ).  
     
     
         23 . The method as claimed in  claim 22 , characterized in that the period (ΔT CC ) is at least one thousand times shorter than the time interval (ΔT CR ).  
     
     
         24 . A controlling system in an electrical power control system ( 1 ) for a current conductor to be controlled in an electrical power system, having: 
 a mathematical set of control functions (F 1 ( u   1 )) which are capable of keeping electric state variables and/or parameters of the controlled current conductor within prescribed, stable ranges, there being provided for normal operation a base control function (F 1 ( u   1 )) which can keep the electric state variables and/or parameters within first prescribed stable ranges, and the further control functions (F 1 ( u   1 )) having larger stable ranges with reference to these electric state variables and/or parameters than the base control function (F 1 ( u   1 )).    
     
     
         25 . The controlling system as claimed in  claim 24 , characterized in that a metacontrol function (F 2 (F 1 ( u   1 ),  u   2 )) can determine one of the control functions (F 1 ( u   1 )) as the control function (F 1 ( u   1 )) to be applied, as a function of electric metacharacteristic values (u′ 2 ) measured in the electrical power system.  
     
     
         26 . The controlling system as claimed in  claim 25 , characterized in that it further has a mapping (G) for mapping the metacharacteristic values (u′ 2 ) onto an item of selection information ( u   2 ) via the control function (F 1 ( u   1 )) to be applied, and in that the item of selection information ( u   2 ) can be applied to the metacontrol function (F 2 (F 1 ( u   1 ),  u   2 )), in order to determine the control function (F 1 ( u   1 )) to be applied.  
     
     
         27 . The controlling system as claimed in  claim 26 , characterized in that the mapping (G) generates an item of selection information ( u   2 ) which at the same time has electric metacharacteristic values, and the metacontrol function (F 2 (F 1 ( u   1 ),  u   2 )) is designed in such a way that these metacharacteristic values can be or are used for modulating the control function.  
     
     
         28 . The controlling system as claimed in one of  claims 24  to  27 , characterized in that it further has an analyzing system ( 7 ) which can analyze, and if necessary adapt, the control functions (F 1 ( u   1 )), the metacontrol function (F 2 (F 1 ( u   1 ),  u   2 )) and/or the mapping (G) with regard to the stability to be achieved.  
     
     
         29 . The electrical power control system as claimed in one of  claims 1  to  13 , the method as claimed in one of  claims 14  to  23 , or the controlling system as claimed in one of  claims 24  to  28 , characterized in that it holds for each control function (F 1 ( u   1 )) from the set of control functions that the following energy function V(T) exists for instants T≧0:  
                 V        (   T   )       ≤       V        (   0   )       +       ∫   0   T            y        (   t   )            u        (   t   )               t                           ∀u (.), T ≧0 
       and the electrical power system is thereby passive.  
     
     
         30 . The electrical power control system as claimed in one of  claims 1  to  13 , the method as claimed in one of  claims 14  to  23 , or the controlling system as claimed in one of  claims 24  to  28 , characterized in that it holds for each control function (F 1 ( u   1 )) from the set of the control functions that the following condition is fulfilled for the electrical power system: 
         {dot over (V)}={dot over (V)}   PS   +{dot over (V)}   CO   ≦{dot over (V)}   CO ≦0