US2003073712A1PendingUtilityA1

Cytoprotective compounds, pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations, and methods

Priority: Jul 23, 2001Filed: Jul 23, 2002Published: Apr 17, 2003
Est. expiryJul 23, 2021(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
A61P 5/24A61P 9/04A61P 9/10A61P 43/00A61P 37/06A61P 9/00A61P 37/00A61P 3/10A61P 27/02A61P 29/00A61P 25/02A61P 25/16A61P 25/28A61P 25/18A61P 25/00A61P 21/00A61P 11/00A61P 11/06C07C 49/737C07C 43/23C07F 9/4021C07C 235/42C07C 2603/24C07D 311/72C07D 277/20A61P 15/00C07D 213/30C07C 205/20C07D 213/53C07D 295/26C07C 205/22C07C 205/57A61P 13/12C07C 45/30C07C 255/36C07D 277/24C07C 205/17C07C 45/71C07C 311/29A61P 17/02A61P 17/16A61P 19/02C07C 69/94A61P 17/10A61P 17/00C07C 205/35C07D 231/26A61P 1/04A61P 17/06
51
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Claims

Abstract

Cytoprotective compounds, many of which are phenolic derivatives characterized by a substituted phenol having certain conjugated bonds, are useful in the treatment of certain ischemic or inflammatory conditions, including but not limited to stroke, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and skin disorders characterized by inflammation or oxidative damage. They are also useful in the manufacture of pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations for the treatment of such conditions.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
We claim:  
     
         1 . A method of treatment for a mammal suffering from a condition characterized by oxidative stress, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound represented by the formula:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein: 
 R is: substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted aryl, (optionally substituted aryl)carbonyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or nitro;  
 R′ is: hydrogen or (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl;  
 R 1  to R 5  are independently selected from: optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, carboxy, cyano, halo, optionally substituted heteroaryl, hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro, nitrone, sulfonate; or  
 two adjacent members of R 1  to R are each O −  and together are complexed with carbon or a metal;  
 provided that at least one of R 1  to R 5  is methoxymethoxy, or H—[CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 ] n — where n is an integer from 1 to 4, and  
 further provided that when R 1  to R 5  is methoxymethoxy, R is phenyl having cyano, nitro, nitroso, hydroxylamino, aminocarbonyl, a lower alkyl ester or a nitrogen-bearing heterocyclyl substituent at its para position,  
 or by the formula:  
                     
 wherein:  
 R″ is: optionally substituted anthracenone, di-cyano, or optionally substituted heterocyclyl selected from: 2,5-(optionally substituted)-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one; 5-(optionally substituted)-3H-benzofuran-2-one; 2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one and thiazolidine-2,4-dione;  
 R 6  to R 10  are independently selected from: optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and nitrone; or  
 two adjacent members of R 6  to R 10  are each O −  and together are complexed with carbon or a metal;  
 provided that at least one of R 6  to R 10  is not hydrogen, and further provided that where R 10  and another of R 6  to R 9  are hydrogen, at least one of R 6  to  
 R 9  is methoxymethoxy or H—[CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 ] n — where n is an integer from 1 to 4,  
 including single stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.  
 
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1  comprising adminstering a compound of Formula I where R′ is hydrogen; and at least one of R 1  to R 5  is methoxymethoxy or H—[CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 ] n — where n is an integer from 1 to 2.  
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 2  where at least one of R 1  to R 5  is methoxymethoxy, and another of R 1  to R 5  is H—[CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 ] n — where n is an integer from 1 to 2.  
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1  where R is para-nitro phenyl.  
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 2 , where R is para-nitro phenyl.  
     
     
         6 . A compound represented by the formula:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein: 
 R is: anthraquinone, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, nitro, or substituted phenyl having: 
 a substituent in the para position, selected from: cyano, nitro, alkoxycarbonyl, (nitrogen-containing)-heterocyclyl and (nitrogen-containing)-heteroaryl, and/or  
 a substituent in the meta position selected from: nitro and halo;  
 
 R′ is: hydrogen or (optionally substituted alkoxy)-carbonyl;  
 R 1  to R 5  are independently selected from: optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)-carbonyl, carboxy, cyano, halo, optionally substituted heteroaryl, hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro, nitrone, sulfonate;  
 provided that at least one of R 1  to R 5  is hydrogen, and at least another of R 1  to R 5  is H—[CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 ] n — or H—[CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 ] n —O— where n is an integer from 1 to 4,  
 including single stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.  
 
     
     
         7 . The compound of  claim 6  where: 
 R is: substituted phenyl; and  
 R′ is: hydrogen.  
 
     
     
         8 . The compound of  claim 7  where at least one of R 1  to R 5  is hydroxy or lower alkoxy.  
     
     
         9 . The compound of  claim 8  where at least two of R 1  to R 5  is hydrogen.  
     
     
         10 . The compound of  claim 6  where n is 1 or 2.  
     
     
         11 . The compound of  claim 7  where n is 1 or 2.  
     
     
         12 . The compound of  claim 11  where R 5  is hydrogen.  
     
     
         13 . The compound of  claim 6  where R 1  to R 5  are independently selected from: optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkenyl, carboxy, cyano, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, and nitro.  
     
     
         14 . The compound of  claim 6  where: 
 R 5  and another of R 1  to R 4  are hydrogen,  
 one of R 1  to R 4  is H—[CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 ] n —, where n is 1, 2 or 3, and  
 the others of R 1  to R 4  are selected from hydrogen, hydroxy and lower alkoxy.  
 
     
     
         15 . The compound of  claim 7  where R is phenyl para-substituted with cyano, nitro or alkoxycarbonyl.  
     
     
         16 . The compound of  claim 7  where R is phenyl meta-substituted with bromo.  
     
     
         17 . A pharmaceutical or cosmetic formulation comprising a compound of  claim 6  admixed with an acceptable excipient.  
     
     
         18 . A compound represented by the formula:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein: 
 R is: (substituted phenyl)-alkenyl;  
 R′ is: hydrogen;  
 R 1  to R 5  are independently selected from: optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)-carbonyl, carboxy, cyano, halo, optionally substituted heteroaryl, hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro, nitrone, and sulfonate;  
 provided that (a) at least one of R 1  to R 5  is methoxymethoxy or H—[CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 ] n — where n is an integer from 1 to 4, or (b) two adjacent members of R 1  to R 5  are each O −  and together are complexed with a metal,  
 including single stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.  
 
     
     
         19 . The compound of  claim 18  where R is substituted phenyl-vinyl, having: 
 a substituent in the para position, selected from: cyano, nitro, alkoxycarbonyl, (nitrogen-containing)-heterocyclyl and (nitrogen-containing)-heteroaryl, or  
 a substituent in the meta position selected from: nitro and halo.  
 
     
     
         20 . The compound of  claim 19  where R is 1-nitro-4-vinyl-benzene.  
     
     
         21 . A compound represented by the formula:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein: 
 R is: (optionally substituted heterocyclyl)-alkenyl  
 R′ is: hydrogen;  
 R 1  to R 5  are independently selected from: optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)-carbonyl, carboxy, cyano, halo, optionally substituted heteroaryl, hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro, nitrone, and sulfonate, with the proviso that at least one of R 1  to R 5  is hydroxy, methoxymethoxy or H—[CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 ] n —, where n is an integer from 1 to 4; or  
 two adjacent members of R 1  to R 5  are each O −  and together are complexed with a metal;  
 including single stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.  
 
     
     
         22 . The compound of  claim 21  where R is (optionally substituted heterocyclyl)-methylene.  
     
     
         23 . The compound of  claim 22  where R is 5-methyl-4-methylene-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one or 5-methylene-thiazolidine-2,4-dione.  
     
     
         24 . The compound of  claim 22  or  23 , where: 
 R 5  and another of R 1  to R 4  are hydrogen, and  
 the others of R 1  to R 4  are selected from alkoxy, hydrogen, hydroxy, methoxymethoxy, and H—[CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 ] n —, where n is an integer from 1 to 2.  
 
     
     
         25 . A pharmaceutical or cosmetic formulation comprising a compound of any of claims  18  or  21  admixed with an acceptable excipient.  
     
     
         26 . A compound represented by the formula:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein: 
 R is: optionally substituted heteroaryl, selected from the group: 1-carboxymethyl-pyridinium-4-yl bromide; 1-(2-carboxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-pyridinium-4-yl bromide; thiazol-2-yl; 6-nitro-benzo[1,3]dioxo-5-yl; and a [2,2′]bipyridin-5-yl metal complex;  
 R′ is: hydrogen;  
 R 1  to R 5  are independently selected from: optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, carboxy, cyano, halo, optionally substituted heteroaryl, hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro, nitrone, sulfonate; or  
 two adjacent members of R 1  to R 5  are each O −  and together are complexed with a metal;  
 provided that where R is a [2,2′]bipyridin-5-yl Ru or Pd metal complex, R 3  and R 4  are not both hydroxy,  
 including single stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.  
 
     
     
         27 . The compound of  claim 26  where: 
 R 5  and another of R 1  to R 4  are hydrogen,  
 the others of R 1  to R 4  are selected from: alkoxy, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, and H—[CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 ] n —, where n is an integer from 1 to 4.  
 
     
     
         28 . The compound of  claim 27  where R 1  is hydrogen, R 2  is hydroxy, R 3  is hydroxy and R 4  is hydrogen.  
     
     
         29 . The compound of  claim 27  where R 1  is hydrogen, R 2  is methoxymethoxy, R 3  is methoxymethoxy, and R 4  is hydrogen.  
     
     
         30 . The compound of  claim 27  where R 1  is hydrogen, R 2  is hydrogen, R 3  is methoxycarbonyl and R 4  is hydrogen.  
     
     
         31 . The compound of  claim 26  where R is [2,2′]bipyridin-5-yl, the nitrogen atoms of which are complexed to a metal having one or more apical ligands.  
     
     
         32 . The compound of  claim 31  where the metal is selected from Zn(II), Mn(III) and Cu(II).  
     
     
         33 . The compound of  claim 32  where the apical ligand is selected from chloride and acetate.  
     
     
         34 . The compound of  claim 31  or  32  where R 1  is hydrogen, R 2  is hydrogen, R 3  is methoxymethoxy, R 4  is methoxymethoxy and R 5  is hydrogen.  
     
     
         35 . The compound of  claim 26  selected from the group: 
 4-(2-[2,2′]bipyridinyl-5-yl-vinyl)-1,2-dimethoxymethoxy-benzene, zinc(II) chloride;  
 4-(2-[2,2′]bipyridinyl-5-yl-vinyl)-1,2-dimethoxymethoxy-benzene, copper(II) chloride; and  
 4-(2-[2,2′]bipyridinyl-5-yl-vinyl)-1,2-dimethoxymethoxy-benzene, manganese(III) acetate.  
 
     
     
         36 . A pharmaceutical or cosmetic formulation comprising a compound of  claim 26  admixed with an acceptable excipient.  
     
     
         37 . A compound represented by the formula:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein: 
 R is: substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted aryl, (optionally substituted aryl)-carbonyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or nitro;  
 R′ is: hydrogen or (optionally substituted alkoxy)-carbonyl;  
 three members of R 1  to R 5  are independently selected from: optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)-carbonyl, carboxy, cyano, halo, optionally substituted heteroaryl, hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro, nitrone, and sulfonate; and  
 two adjacent members of R 1  to R 5  are each O −  and together are complexed with a metal having one or more apical ligands, said metal optionally being further complexed with a second compound of Formula I,  
 including single stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.  
 
     
     
         38 . The compound of  claim 37  where R′ is hydrogen.  
     
     
         39 . The compound of  claim 38  where R 3  and R 4  are O −  and together are complexed with a metal.  
     
     
         40 . The compound of  claim 39  where R 1 , R 2  and R 5  are hydrogen.  
     
     
         41 . The compound of  claim 37  or  39 , where the metal is selected from Zn(II), Mn(III) and Cu(II).  
     
     
         42 . The compound of  claim 41  where the apical ligand is selected from chloride and acetate.  
     
     
         43 . The compound of  claim 38  where R is substituted phenyl having: 
 a substituent in the para position, selected from: cyano, nitro, alkoxycarbonyl, (nitrogen-containing)-heterocyclyl and (nitrogen-containing)-heteroaryl, or  
 a substituent in the meta position selected from: nitro and halo.  
 
     
     
         44 . The compound of  claim 43  where R is para-alkoxycarbonyl-phenyl.  
     
     
         45 . The compound of  claim 43  selected from the group: 
 4-[2-(phenyl-1,2-diol)-vinyl]-benzoic acid ethyl ester, zinc(II) chloride;  
 4-[2-(phenyl-1,2-diol)-vinyl]-benzoic acid ethyl ester, copper(II) chloride;  
 4-[2-(phenyl-1,2-diol)-vinyl]-benzoic acid ethyl ester, manganese(III) acetate; and  
 bis-{4-[2-(4-methoxycarbonyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol}, zinc(II) chloride.  
 
     
     
         46 . The compound of  claim 37  selected from Formula III, IV and V:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where: 
 M is: a metal;  
 L is: a ligand associated with a remaining free valence on M;  
 n is: an integer from 1 to 3, corresponding to the remaining free valences on M and the number of associated ligands;  
 R and R* are independently selected from: optionally substituted anthraquinone, substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or nitro; and  
 R 2 , R 4  and R 4*  are independently selected from: optionally substituted alkoxy, hydrogen, or hydroxy.  
 
     
     
         47 . A pharmaceutical or cosmetic formulation comprising a compound of  claim 37  admixed with an acceptable excipient.  
     
     
         48 . A compound represented by the formula:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein: 
 R″ is: optionally substituted anthracenone, di-cyano, or optionally substituted heterocyclyl selected from: 2,5-(optionally substituted)-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one; 5-(optionally substituted)-3H-benzofuran-2-one; 2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one and thiazolidine-2,4-dione;  
 R 6  to R 10  are independently selected from: optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, (optionally substituted alkoxy)carbonyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and nitrone; or  
 two adjacent members of R 6  to R 9  are each O −  and together are complexed with a metal;  
 provided that at least one of R 6  to R 10  is not hydrogen,  
 and further provided that where R 10  and another of R 6  to R 9  are hydrogen, at least one of R 6  to R 9  is methoxymethoxy or H—[CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 ] n — where n is an integer from 1 to 4,  
 including single stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.  
 
     
     
         49 . The compound of  claim 48  where R 10  and another of R 6  to R 9  are hydrogen.  
     
     
         50 . The compound of  claim 48  where R″ is selected from: anthracenone, dihydroxyanthracenone, di-cyano, 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one; 3H-benzofuran-2-one; 5-hydroxy-3H-benzofuran-2-one; 2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one and thiazolidine-2,4-dione.  
     
     
         51 . The compound of  claim 49  where R″ is selected from: anthracenone, dihydroxyanthracenone, di-cyano, 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one; 3H-benzofuran-2-one; 5-hydroxy-3H-benzofuran-2-one; 2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one and thiazolidine-2,4-dione.  
     
     
         52 . The compound of  claim 49  where R 6  to R 9  are selected from: hydrogen, hydroxy, methoxymethoxy, t-butyl and H—[CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 ] n —, where n is 1 or 2.  
     
     
         53 . The compound of  claim 51  where R 6  to R 9  are selected from: hydrogen, hydroxy, methoxymethoxy, t-butyl and H—[CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 ] n —, where n is 1 or 2.  
     
     
         54 . The compound of  claim 53  where R 6  is hydrogen and: 
 R 7  is hydrogen, R 8  is methoxymethoxy, and R 9  is methoxymethoxy; or  
 R 7  is methoxymethoxy, R 8  is H—CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 —, and R 9  is hydroxy; or  
 R 7  is hydroxy, R 8  is H—CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 —, and R 9  is methoxymethoxy; or  
 R 7  is hydroxy, R 8  is H—CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 —, and R 9  is hydroxy; or  
 R 7  is H—CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 —, R 3  is methoxymethoxy, and R 9  is hydrogen; or  
 R 7  is H—CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 —, R 8  is hydroxy, and R 9  is hydrogen; or  
 R 7  is H—[CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 ] 2 —, R 8  is methoxymethoxy, and R 9  is hydrogen; or  
 R 7  is H—[CH 2 —(CH 3 )C═CH—CH 2 ] 2 —, R 8  is hydroxy, and R 9  is hydrogen; or  
 R 7  is 3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-1-(thiazolidine-2,4-dionyl)-benzylidene-5-yl, R 8  is methoxymethoxy, and R 9  is methoxy.  
 
     
     
         55 . A pharmaceutical or cosmetic formulation comprising a compound of  claim 48  admixed with an acceptable excipient.  
     
     
         56 . A compound selected from the group: 
 4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;    2-methoxy-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;    2-hydroxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid;    3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;    4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;    5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;    2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;    2-bromo-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;    2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-nitro-phenyl)-buta-1,3-dienyl]-phenol;    2-methoxymethoxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methoxymethyl ester;    3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;    2-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;    5-{4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenyl}-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;    4-{2-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;    4-{2-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;    4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;    4-{2-[4-(5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzene-1,2-diol;    4-{2-[4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzene-1,2-diol;    3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-4-nitro-phenol;    4-[4-(4-nitro-phenyl)-buta-1,3-dienyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;    2-iodo-6-methoxy-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;    4-{2-[4-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;    2-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-6-methoxy-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;    2-bromo-6-methoxy-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;    4-{2-[3-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile; and    2,6-dimethyl-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol,    including single stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.    
     
     
         57 . A compound of  claim 56  selected from the group: 
 2-methoxy-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;  
 3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5,-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 2-bromo-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;  
 2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-nitro-phenyl)-buta-1,3-dienyl]-phenol;  
 2-methoxymethoxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methoxymethyl ester;  
 3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 2-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 5-{4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenyl}-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;  
 4-{2-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
 4-{2-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;  
 4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 4-{2-[4-(5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 4-{2-[4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 4-{2-[4-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;  
 2-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-6-methoxy-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol; and  
 4-{2-[3-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile,  
 including single stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.  
 
     
     
         58 . A compound selected from the group: 
 3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;    4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2,3-triol;    2-{4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenyl}-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;    5-[3-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-4-hydroxy-benzylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;    2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;    2-bromo-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;    2-bromo-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;    4-[2-(3,4-bis-{2-[2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid ethyl ester;    2-methoxy-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;    4-[3-(3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-allylidene]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;    4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-N,N-bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-benzamide;    4-[2-(3,4-bis-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-N,N-bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-benzamide;    {4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl}-vinyl]-phenyl-morpholin-4-yl-methanone;    4-[2-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;    3,4-bis-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;    4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzenesulfonamide;    4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid 3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl ester;    4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;    4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;    4-bromo-5-methoxy-2-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;    4-[2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;    {4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenyl}-phosphonic acid diisopropyl ester; and    (4-methoxyphenyl)-(benzo-1,3-dioxol-5-yl)-ethyne,    including single stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.    
     
     
         59 . A compound selected from the group: 
 5-{2-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-benzene-1,3-diol;    4-(3,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;    4-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;    3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-5-hydroxy-3H-benzofuran-2-one;    5-{4-[6-hydroxy-2,7,8-trimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyl-tridecyl)-chroman-5-ylmethoxy]-benzylidene}-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;    4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-N,N-bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-benzamide;    4-[2-(3,4-bis-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-N,N-bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-benzamide;    {4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenyl}-morpholin-4-yl-methanone;    4-[2-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;    3,4-bis-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;    4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzenesulfonamide;    4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid 3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl ester;    4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;    4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;    4-bromo-5-methoxy-2-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;    4-[2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester; and    {4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenyl}-phosphonic acid diisopropyl ester,    including single stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.    
     
     
         60 . A pharmaceutical or cosmetic formulation comprising a compound of any of claims  56 ,  57 ,  58  and  59  and  60  admixed with an acceptable excipient.  
     
     
         61 . A compound is selected from the group: 
 4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;    4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2,3-triol;    4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;    2-bromo-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;    4-{2-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;    4-[3-(3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-allylidene]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;    5-[3-(3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-allylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;    3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-5-hydroxy-3H-benzofuran-2-one;    4-{2-[4-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;    2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;    4-[4-(4-nitro-phenyl)-buta-1,3-dienyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;    5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;    4-{2-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;    3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;    3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;    4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;    2-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-6-methoxy-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;    2-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;    4-{2-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl-benzonitrile; and    2-bromo-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol,    including single stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.    
     
     
         62 . The compound of  claim 61  selected from the group: 
 4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2,3-triol;  
 4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 2-bromo-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;  
 2-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 4-{2-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;  
 4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 4-{2-[4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzene-1,2-diol; and  
 4-2-[4-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile.  
 
     
     
         63 . A pharmaceutical or cosmetic formulation for topical application comprising a one or more dermatologically acceptable excipients and a compound of  claim 61  or  62 .  
     
     
         64 . A method of treatment for a mammal suffering from a condition characterized by oxidative stress, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any of claims  6 ,  18 ,  21 ,  26 ,  37 ,  48 ,  56 ,  58 ,  59  and  60 .  
     
     
         65 . The method of  claim 63  comprising treating a cardiovascular, cerebrovascular or neurologic, inflammatory and/or autoimmune, or dermatologic condition.  
     
     
         66 . The method of  claim 64  wherein the condition is dermatologic, further comprising a method of promoting a product by directing a user to apply to the skin a pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition incorporating said compound for regulating skin condition, regulating the signs of skin aging, or for treating contact dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, age-related damage or damage resulting from harmful (UV) radiation, stress or fatigue.  
     
     
         67 . A method of treatment for a mammal suffering from a cardiovascular condition characterized by oxidative stress, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound represented by Formula I:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein: 
 R is: nitro, nitrogen-containing heteroaryl, or phenyl substituted in the para position with alkoxycarbonyl or a nitrogen-bearing moiety;  
 R′ is: hydrogen;  
 R 1  to R 5  are independently selected from: hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkenyl or halo, or  
 two adjacent members of R 1  to R 5  are each O −  and together are complexed with a metal; or by Formula II:  
                     
 
         wherein: 
 R″ is: a thiazolidine-2,4-dione or a 2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one;  
 R 6  to R 10  are independently selected from: hydrogen, hydroxy or alkoxy; or  
 two adjacent members of R 6  to R 10  are each O −  and together are complexed with a metal;  
 including single stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.  
 
       
     
     
         68 . The method of  claim 67  where: 
 R is phenyl substituted in the para position with nitro or cyano, or unsubstituted thiazole;  
 R 1  and R 5  are hydrogen;  
 R 2  to R 4  are selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, methoxy, methoxymethoxy, prenyl, geranyl and bromo, provided that at least two of R 2  to R 4  are not hydrogen;  
 R″ is thiazolidine-2,4-dione-5-yl;  
 R 6  and R 10  are hydrogen; and  
 at least two of R 7  to R 9  are methoxymethoxy, with the third being hydrogen or methoxymethoxy.  
 
     
     
         69 . The method of  claim 68  comprising administering a compound of Formula I.  
     
     
         70 . The method of  claim 69  where at least two of R 2  to R 4  are methoxymethoxy.  
     
     
         71 . The method of  claim 69  where one of R 2  to R 4  is methoxy, another of R 2  to R 4  is methoxymethoxy and the third of R 2  to R 4  is prenyl, geranyl or bromo.  
     
     
         72 . The method of  claim 67  where the compound is selected from the group: 
 5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
 4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzonitrile;  
 4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid;  
 5-(3,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;  
 4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 4-[2-(3,4-bis-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-N,N-bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-benzamide;  
 4-[2-(3,4-bis-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-phthalic acid dimethyl ester;  
 1-methoxy-2-methoxymethoxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 1,3-bis-methoxymethoxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 1,3-bis-methoxymethoxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 1-bromo-3-methoxy-2-methoxymethoxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 4-{2-[3-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;  
 2-[2-(3,4-bis-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-thiazole;  
 5-(3,4-bis-methoxymethoxy-benzylidene)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione; and  
 4-{2-[3-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester.  
 
     
     
         73 . The method of  claim 67  where the compound is selected from the group: 
 5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzonitrile;  
 4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid;  
 5-(3,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;  
 4-[2-(3,4-bis-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-N,N-bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-benzamide;  
 4-[2-(3,4-bis-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-phthalic acid dimethyl ester;  
 1-methoxy-2-methoxymethoxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 1,3-bis-methoxymethoxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 1,3-bis-methoxymethoxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 1-bromo-3-methoxy-2-methoxymethoxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 4-{2-[3-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;  
 2-[2-(3,4-bis-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-thiazole;  
 5-(3,4-bis-methoxymethoxy-benzylidene)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione; and  
 4-{2-[3-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester.  
 
     
     
         74 . The method of  claim 67  where the compound is selected from the group: 
 5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzonitrile;  
 4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid;  
 5-(3,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;  
 1-methoxy-2-methoxymethoxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 1,3-bis-methoxymethoxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 4-{2-[3-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;  
 2-[2-(3,4-bis-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-thiazole; and  
 4-{2-[3-(3,7-dimethyl octa-2,6-dienyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester.  
 
     
     
         75 . A method of treatment for a mammal suffering from a cerebrovascular or neurologic condition characterized by oxidative stress, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound represented by Formula I:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein: 
 R is: phenyl substituted with an alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, a nitrogen-bearing moiety, or nitrogen-bearing heteroaryl;  
 R′ is: hydrogen;  
 one or more of R 1  to R 5  is other than hydrogen, selected from hydroxy, alkoxy, alkenyl or halo; or  
 two adjacent members of R 1  to R 5  are each O −  and together are complexed with a metal;  
 or by Formula II:  
                     
 
         wherein: 
 R″ is: a thiazolidine-2,4-dione or a 2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one; and  
 one or more of R 6  to R 10  are not hydrogen, selected from hydroxy, alkoxy and alkenyl; or  
 two adjacent members of R 6  to R 10  are each O −  and together are complexed with a metal;  
 including single stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.  
 
       
     
     
         76 . The method of  claim 75  where: 
 R is selected from: 
 optionally substituted pyridinium bromide,  
 vinyl-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyraxol-3-one,  
 phenyl substituted in the para position with nitro or a methyl-, ethyl-, or tetradecyl-ester, and  
 tri-substituted phenyl having a nitro and a methoxy substituent at the two meta positions and methoxymethoxy or hydroxy at the para position;  
 
 R 1  and R 5  are hydrogen;  
 R 2  to R 4  are selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, methoxymethoxy, and prenyl or geranyl, provided that at least two of R 2  to R 4  are not hydrogen;  
 R″ is thiazolidine-2,4-dione-5-yl;  
 R 6  and R 10  are hydrogen; and  
 two or more of R 7  to R 9  are not hydrogen, selected from hydroxy, methoxymethoxy, prenyl and geranyl.  
 
     
     
         77 . The method of  claim 76  comprising administering a compound of Formula I.  
     
     
         78 . The method of  claim 77  where at least one of R 2  to R 4  is prenyl or geranyl.  
     
     
         79 . The method of  claim 78  where R is tri-substituted phenyl having a nitro and a methoxy substituent at the two meta positions and methoxymethoxy or hydroxy at the para position.  
     
     
         80 . The method of  claim 75  where the compound is selected from the group: 
 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;  
 4-{2-[4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzenesulfonamide-4-{2-[4-amino-sulfonyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 3,4-bis-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
 4-[2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
 4-[2-(2,3,4-trihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzonitrile;  
 2-{4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenyl}-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;  
 1-carboxymethyl-4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-pyridinium; bromide;  
 1,3-bis-methoxymethoxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 4-[2-(3,4-bis-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid tetradecyl ester;  
 4-[2-(3,4-bis-{2-[2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid ethyl ester;  
 4-{2-[4-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-bis-methoxymethoxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
 2-methoxymethoxy-1,3-dimethyl-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 1,2-bis-methoxymethoxy-4-[4-(4-nitro-phenyl)-buta-1,3-dienyl]-benzene;  
 2-methoxymethoxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methoxymethyl ester;  
 1,5-bis-methoxymethoxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-3-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 1,3-bis-methoxymethoxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(3-nitro-4-methoxymethoxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 1-iodo-3-methoxy-2-methoxymethoxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 1-bromo-3-methoxy-2-methoxymethoxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 4-[3-(3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-allylidene]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;  
 5-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-benzylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;  
 5-[4-methoxymethoxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-benzyldene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;  
 5-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-benzylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;  
 5-[3-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-4-hydroxy-benzylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;  
 5-[3-(3,7-dim ethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-4-methoxymethoxy-benzylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;  
 4-{2-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
 4-{2-[4,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
 2-methoxy-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;  
 5-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-benzene-1,3-diol; and  
 4-{2-[4-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-bis-methoxymethoxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile.  
 
     
     
         81 . The method of  claim 75  where the compound is selected from the group: 
 4-{2-[4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 3,4-bis-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
 2-{4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenyl}-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;  
 1-carboxymethyl-4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-pyridinium; bromide;  
 1,3-bis-methoxymethoxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 4-[2-(3,4-bis-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid tetradecyl ester;  
 4-[2-(3,4-bis-{2-[2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid ethyl ester;  
 2-methoxymethoxy-1,3-dimethyl-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 5-[3-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-4-hydroxy-benzylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;  
 2-methoxymethoxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methoxymethyl ester;  
 1,5-bis-methoxymethoxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-3-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 1,3-bis-methoxymethoxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(3-nitro-4-methoxymethoxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 1-iodo-3-methoxy-2-methoxymethoxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 1-bromo-3-methoxy-2-methoxymethoxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 4-[3-(3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-allylidene]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;  
 4-{2-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
 4-{2-[4,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
 2-methoxy-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol; and  
 5-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-benzene-1,3-diol.  
 
     
     
         82 . The method of  claim 75  where the compound is selected from the group: 
 4-{2-[4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 3,4-bis-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
 2-{4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenyl}-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;  
 1,3-bis-methoxymethoxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 4-[2-(3,4-bis-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid tetradecyl ester;  
 4-[2-(3,4-bis-{2-[2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid ethyl ester;  
 5-[3-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-4-hydroxy-benzylidene-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;  
 1,3-bis-methoxymethoxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(3-nitro-4-methoxymethoxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 1-bromo-3-methoxy-2-methoxymethoxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene;  
 4-[3-(3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-allylidene]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;  
 4-{2-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
 4-{2-[4,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
 2-methoxy-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol; and  
 5-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-benzene-1,3-diol.  
 
     
     
         83 . The method of  claim 75  where the condition is selected from: stroke, cerebral ischemia, retinal ischemia, post-surgical cognitive dysfunctions, peripheral neuropathy spinal chord injury, head injury, surgical trauma, Alzheimer's, dementia and Parkinson's disease.  
     
     
         84 . The method of  claim 75  comprising administering said compound about 5 or more hours following an ischemic or oxidative insult.  
     
     
         85 . The method of  claim 75  or  84  where the compound is: 
 4-[2-(4-Nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol; or  
 4-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester.  
 
     
     
         86 . A method of treatment for a mammal suffering from a disease characterized by oxidative stress and involving inflammatory and/or autoimmune components, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound represented by Formula I:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein: 
 R is: phenyl substituted in the para position with alkoxycarbonyl or a nitrogen-bearing moiety, vinyl-nitrogen-containing heteroaryl, or vinyl-nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl;  
 R′ is: hydrogen;  
 one or more of R 1  to R 5  is other than hydrogen, selected from hydroxy, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl and alkenyl; or  
 two adjacent members of R 1  to R 5  are each O −  and together are complexed with a metal;  
 including single stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.  
 
       
     
     
         87 . The method of  claim 86  where: 
 R is selected from: 
 vinyl-thiazolidine-2,4-dione  
 phenyl substituted in the para position with nitro or cyano, and  
 vinyl-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;  
 
 R 1  is hydrogen;  
 R 2  to R 5  are selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, methoxy, methoxymethoxy, methoxymethoxycarbonyl, prenyl or geranyl, provided that at least two of R 2  to R 5  are not hydrogen.  
 
     
     
         88 . The method of  claim 87  where one of R 2  to R 5  is prenyl or geranyl, and two others are selected from hydroxy, methoxy and methoxymethoxy.  
     
     
         89 . The method of  claim 88  where R is phenyl substituted in the para position with nitro or cyano.  
     
     
         90 . A method of treatment for a mammal suffering from a disease characterized by oxidative stress and involving inflammatory and/or autoimmune components, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound is selected from the group: 
 4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;    4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;    4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2,3-triol;    5-methyl-2-(4-styryl-phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;    2-{4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenyl}-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;    4-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;    4-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-allylidene]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;    4-{2-[3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;    4-[2-(3-iodo-5-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;    2-methoxymethoxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methoxymethyl ester;    4-[2-(4-methoxymethoxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;    2-methoxymethoxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methoxymethyl ester;    N-{4-[2-(3,4-bis-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenyl}-benzamide;    4-[3-(3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-allyidene]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dhydro-pyrazol-3-one;    5-[3-(3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-allylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;    3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-5-hydroxy-3H-benzofuran-2-one;    5-[3,5-bis-methoxymethoxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-benzylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;    5-[4-methoxymethoxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-benzylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;    5-[3-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-4-hydroxy-benzylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;    5-[3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-5-(3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-1-(thiazolidine-2,4-dionyl)-benzylidene-5-yl)-benzylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;    4-{2-[3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;    4-{2-[3,4-dihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;    4-{2-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;    4-{2-[3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;    4-{2-[3,5-bis-methoxymethoxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;    4-{2-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;    3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;    3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;    4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;    4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;    2-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;    2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;    4-{2-[4-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;    4-{2-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;    2-bromo-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;    5-{2-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-benzene-1,3-diol; and    5-{3-[3-methoxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyloxy)-phenyl]-allylidene}-thiazolidine-2,4-dione,    including single stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.    
     
     
         91 . The method of  claim 90  where the compound is selected from the group: 
 4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2,3-triol;  
 4-[3-(3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-allylidene]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;  
 5-[3-(3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-allylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;  
 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-5-hydroxy-3H-benzofuran-2-one;  
 4-{2-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
 3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 4-2-[4-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl]-vinyl-benzonitrile;  
 4-{2-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile; and  
 2-bromo-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol.  
 
     
     
         92 . The method of  claim 91  where the compound is selected from the group: 
 4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2,3-triol;  
 3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol; and  
 4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol.  
 
     
     
         93 . A method of treatment for a mammal suffering from a dermatologic condition characterized by oxidative stress, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound represented by Formula I:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein: 
 R is: phenyl substituted in the para position with a nitrogen-bearing moiety or a lower alkoxycarbonyl, or is phenyl substituted in the meta position with bromo and in the para position with hydroxy;  
 R′ is: hydrogen;  
 one or more of R 1  to R 5  is other than hydrogen, selected from hydroxy, alkoxy, alkenyl and halo or  
 two adjacent members of R 1  to R 5  are each O −  and together are complexed with a metal;  
 including single stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.  
 
       
     
     
         94 . The method of  claim 93  where: 
 R is phenyl substituted in the para position with nitro or cyano; and  
 R 1  is hydrogen.  
 
     
     
         95 . The method of  claim 93  where one or two of R 2  to R 4  is hydroxy, one of R 1  to R 4  is prenyl or geranyl, and the remaining substituents of R 1  to R 5  are hydrogen.  
     
     
         96 . The method of  claim 95  where R is phenyl substituted in the para position with nitro or cyano.  
     
     
         97 . A method of treatment for a mammal suffering from a dermatologic condition characterized by oxidative stress, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound selected from the group: 
 4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;    4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;    4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2,3-triol    2-methoxy-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;    2-hydroxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid;    3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;    4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;    5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;    2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;    2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;    2-bromo-4-(4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;    4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-benzene-1,2-diol;    2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-nitro-phenyl)-buta-1,3-dienyl]-phenol;    2-methoxymethoxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methoxymethyl ester;    3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;    2-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;    5-{4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenyl}-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;    4-{2-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;    4-{2-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;    4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;    4-{2-[4-(5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzene-1,2-diol;    4-{2-[4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzene-1,2-diol;    3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-4-nitro-phenol;    4-[4-(4-nitro-phenyl)-buta-1,3-dienyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;    4-[3-(3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-allylidene]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;    5-[3-(3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-allylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;    3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-5-hydroxy-3H-benzofuran-2-one;    2-iodo-6-methoxy-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;    4-{2-[4-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;    2-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-6-methoxy-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;    2-bromo-6-methoxy-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;    4-{2-[3-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;    2,6-dimethyl-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;    acetic acid 4-(1-acetoxy-allyl)-phenyl ester;    2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-ethanol;    acetic acid 4-[2-(4-acetoxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-2-methoxy-phenyl ester; 3,4,5-trio;    4-(3-ethoxy-propenyl)-phenol;    2,3-bis-(4-acetoxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-acrylic acid;    cis-gnetin;    5-[2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzo[1,3]dioxole; and    (4-methoxyphenyl)-(benzo-1,3-dioxol-5-yl)-ethyne,    including single stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.    
     
     
         98 . The method of  claim 97  where the compound is selected from the group: 
 4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
 4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2,3-triol;  
 2-hydroxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid;  
 3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 2-bromo-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;  
 3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 2-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 4-{2-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
 4-{2-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;  
 4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 4-{2-[4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-4-nitro-phenol; and  
 4-{2-[4-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile.  
 
     
     
         99 . The method of  claim 98  where the compound is selected from the group: 
 4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2,3-triol;  
 4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 2-bromo-4-[4 -hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;  
 2-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 4-{2-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;  
 4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 4-{2-[4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzene-1,2-diol; and  
 4-{2-[4-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile.  
 
     
     
         100 . The method of  claim 97  comprising topically administering a compound is selected from the group: 
 4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2,3-triol;  
 4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 2-bromo-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;  
 4-{2-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;  
 4-[3-(3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-allylidene]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;  
 5-[3-(3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-allylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;  
 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-5-hydroxy-3H-benzofuran-2-one;  
 4-{2-[4-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;  
 2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 4-[4-(4-nitro-phenyl)-buta-1,3-dienyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 5-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;  
 4-{2-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
 3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 2-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-6-methoxy-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;  
 2-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 4-{2-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile; and  
 2-bromo-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol.  
 
     
     
         101 . The method of  claim 100  comprising topically administering a compound is selected from the group: 
 4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2,3-triol;  
 4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 2-bromo-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;  
 4-{2-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;  
 4-[3-(3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-allylidene]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;  
 5-[3-(3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-allylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;  
 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-5-hydroxy-3H-benzofuran-2-one;  
 4-{2-[4-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile; and  
 2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol.  
 
     
     
         102 . The method of  claim 101  comprising topically administering a compound is selected from the group: 
 4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2,3-triol;  
 4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 2-bromo-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;  
 4-{2-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile; and  
 4-{2-[4-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile.  
 
     
     
         103 . The method of any of claims  93  or  97  where the dermatologic condition is selected from: regulating skin condition, regulating the signs of skin aging, contact dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, age-related damage, and damage resulting from harmful (UV) radiation, stress and fatigue.  
     
     
         104 . The method of any of claims  93  or  97  further comprising a method of promoting a product by directing a user to apply to the skin a pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition incorporating said compound for regulating skin condition, regulating the signs of skin aging, or for treating contact dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, age-related damage or damage resulting from harmful (UV) radiation, stress or fatigue.  
     
     
         105 . A product comprising instructions directing the user to apply a composition to the skin for regulating skin condition, regulating the signs of skin aging, or for treating contact dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, age-related damage or damage resulting from harmful (UV) radiation, stress or fatigue, said composition comprising a compound of any of claims  6 ,  18 ,  21 ,  26 ,  37 ,  48 ,  56 ,  58 ,  59  and  60 ; or a compound of the formula:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein: 
 R is: phenyl substituted in the para position with a nitrogen-bearing moiety or a lower alkoxycarbonyl, or is phenyl substituted in the meta position with bromo and in the para position with hydroxy;  
 R′ is: hydrogen;  
 one or more of R 1  to R 5  is other than hydrogen, selected from hydroxy, alkoxy, alkenyl and halo; or  
 two adjacent members of R 1  to R 5  are each O −  and together are complexed with a metal,  
 or a compound selected from the group:  
 
         4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;  
         4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
         4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2,3-triol  
         2-methoxy-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;  
         2-hydroxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid;  
         3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;  
         4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
         5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
         2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;  
         2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
         2-bromo-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;  
         4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-benzene-1,2-diol;  
         2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-nitro-phenyl)-buta-1,3-dienyl]-phenol;  
         2-methoxymethoxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methoxymethyl ester;  
         3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;  
         2-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
         5-{4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenyl}-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;  
         4-{2-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
         4-{2-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;  
         4-(3-methyl-but-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
         4-{2-[4-(5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzene-1,2-diol;  
         4-{2-[4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzene-1,2-diol;  
         3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-4-nitro-phenol;  
         4-[4-(4-nitro-phenyl)-buta-1,3-dienyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;  
         4-[3-(3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-allylidene]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one;  
         5-[3-(3-methoxy-4-methoxymethoxy-phenyl)-allylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;  
         3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-5-hydroxy-3H-benzofuran-2-one;  
         2-iodo-6-methoxy-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;  
         4-{2-[4-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;  
         2-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-6-methoxy-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;  
         2-bromo-6-methoxy-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;  
         4-{2-[3-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;  
         2,6-dimethyl-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;  
         acetic acid 4-(1-acetoxy-allyl)-phenyl ester;  
         2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-ethanol;  
         acetic acid 4-[2-(4-acetoxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-2-methoxy-phenyl ester;  
         2-{3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-5-hydroxy-phenoxy}-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3,4,5-trio;  
         4-(3-ethoxy-propenyl)-phenol;  
         2,3-bis-(4-acetoxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-acrylic acid;  
         cis-gnetin;  
         5-[2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzo[1,3]dioxole; and  
         (4-methoxyphenyl)-(benzo-1,3-dioxol-5-yl)-ethyne,  
         including single stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.  
       
     
     
         106 . The product of  claim 105  where: 
 R is phenyl substituted in the para position with nitro or cyano; and  
 R 1  is hydrogen.  
 
     
     
         107 . The product of  claim 105  where one or two of R 2  to R 4  is hydroxy, one of R 1  to R 4  is prenyl or geranyl, and the remaining substituents of R 1  to R 5  are hydrogen.  
     
     
         108 . The product of  claim 107  where R is phenyl substituted in the para position with nitro or cyano.  
     
     
         109 . The product of  claim 105  wherein said compound is selected from the group: 
 4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
 4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2,3-triol;  
 2-hydroxy-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzoic acid;  
 3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 2-bromo-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;  
 3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 2-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 4-{2-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzoic acid methyl ester;  
 4-{2-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;  
 4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 4-{2-[4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzene-1,2-diol;  
 3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-4-nitro-phenol; and  
 4-{2-[4-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile.  
 
     
     
         110 . The product of  claim 105  wherein said compound is selected from the group: 
 4-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2,3-triol;  
 4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 2-bromo-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl-phenyl)-vinyl]-phenol;  
 2-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 4-{2-[3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile;  
 4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-5-[2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,3-diol;  
 4-{2-[4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzene-1,2-diol; and  
 4-{2-[4-(3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl]-vinyl}-benzonitrile.

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