Process for the production of olefins

Abstract

A process for the production of an olefin from a hydrocarbon, which process comprises: partially combusting the hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst, characterised in that the catalyst comprises palladium and at least one further metal, said further metal being a Group IIA, Group IVA, VA or a transition metal.

1 . A process for the production of an olefin from a hydrocarbon, which process comprises: 
 partially combusting the hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst, characterised in that the catalyst comprises palladium and at least one further metal, said further metal being a Group IIIA, Group IVA, VA or a transition metal.    
     
     
         2 . A process as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the stoichiometric ratio of hydrocarbon to oxygen is 5 to 13.5 times the stoichiometric ratio of hydrocarbon to oxygen required for complete combustion of the hydrocarbon to carbon dioxide and water.  
     
     
         3 . A process as claimed in  claim 1  or  claim 2 , wherein said partial combustion of hydrogen and oxygen-containing gas is carried out in the presence of hydrogen.  
     
     
         4 . A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said catalyst comprises at least one further metal which is a Group IIIA metal.  
     
     
         5 . A process as claimed in  claim 4 , wherein said Group IIIA metal is Al, Ga, In and/or Tl.  
     
     
         6 . A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said catalyst comprises at least one further metal which is a Group IVA metal.  
     
     
         7 . A process as claimed in  claim 6 , wherein said Group IVA metal is Ge, Sn and/or Pb.  
     
     
         8 . A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said catalyst comprises at least one further metal which is a Group VA metal.  
     
     
         9 . A process as claimed in  claim 9 , wherein said Group VA metal is Sb and/or Bi.  
     
     
         10 . A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said catalyst comprises at least one further metal which is a transition metal.  
     
     
         11 . A process as claimed in  claim 10 , wherein said transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd and Hg.  
     
     
         12 . A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said catalyst comprises only one further metal selected from Group IIIA, Group IVA, VA and the transition metal series.  
     
     
         13 . A process as claimed in any one of  claims 1  to  11 , wherein said catalyst comprises at least two further metals selected from Group IIIA, Group IVA, VA and the transition metal series.  
     
     
         14 . A process as claimed in  claim 13 , wherein the catalyst comprises one metal selected from Groups IIIA, IVA and VA, and one metal selected from the transition metal series.  
     
     
         15 . A process as claimed in  claim 14 , wherein said metal selected from the transition metal series is Pt.  
     
     
         16 . A process as claimed in  claim 14  or  15 , wherein said one metal selected from Groups IIIA, IVA and VA is Sn.  
     
     
         17 . A process as claimed in  claim 13 , wherein said catalyst comprises two metals selected from the transition metal series.  
     
     
         18 . A process as claimed in  claim 17 , wherein said catalyst comprises Pd, Pt and Cu.  
     
     
         19 . A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said catalyst further comprises alkali metal ions.  
     
     
         20 . A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said hydrocarbon comprises at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of ethane, propane and butane.  
     
     
         21 . A catalyst comprising a) palladium, b) a further transition metal and c) a metal from Group IIIA, IVA and/or VA.