US2003108793A1PendingUtilityA1

Cathode compositions for lithium ion batteries

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Assignee: 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COPriority: Aug 7, 2001Filed: Aug 2, 2002Published: Jun 12, 2003
Est. expiryAug 7, 2021(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Jeffrey R. DahnZhonghua Lu
H01M 4/525H01M 4/505C01P 2002/74C01P 2006/40H01M 4/485H01M 10/052H01M 4/131C01P 2002/54C01G 45/1221C01P 2002/77C01P 2002/72H01M 4/1391H01M 10/0525C01P 2002/32C01G 45/1228C01G 53/50C01G 51/50C01G 49/009H01M 4/58Y02E60/10
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Claims

Abstract

A cathode composition for a lithium ion battery that contains lithium having the formula (a) Li y [M 1 (1−b) Mn b ]O 2 or (b) Li y [M 1 (1−b) Mn b ]O 15+c where 0≦y<1, 0<b<1 and 0<c<0.5 and M 1 represents one or more metal elements, with the proviso that for (a) M 1 is a metal element other than chromium. The composition is in a form of a single phase having an O3 crystal structure that does not undergo a phase transformation to a spinel crystal structure when incorporated in a lithium-ion battery and cycled for 100 full charge-discharge cycles at 30 C. and a final capacity of 130 mAh/g using a discharge current of 30 mA/g.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A cathode composition for a lithium ion battery having the formula (a) Liy[M 1   (1−b) Mn b ]O 2  or (b) Li x [M 1   (1−b) Mn b ]O 15+c  where 0≦y<1, 0<b<1 and 0<c<0.5 and M 1  represents one or more metal elements, with the proviso that for (a) M 1  is a metal element other than chromium; 
 said composition characterized as being in the form of a single phase having an O3 crystal structure that does not undergo a phase transformation to a spinel crystal structure when incorporated in a lithium-ion battery and cycled for 100 full charge-discharge cycles at 30 C. and a final capacity of 130 mAh/g using a discharge current of 30 mA/g.  
 
     
     
         2 . A cathode composition for a lithium-ion battery having the formula Li y [Li (1−2x)/3 M 2   x Mn (2−x)/3] O 1.5+x  where 0<y<1, 0<x<0.5 and M 2  represents one or more metal elements, with the proviso that the weighted average oxidation state of all M 2  is 2 when in a fully uncharged state and 4 when in a fully charged state.  
     
     
         3 . The cathode composition of  claim 2  wherein said composition is characterized as being in the form of a single phase having an O3 crystal structure that does not undergo a phase transformation to a spinel crystal structure when incorporated in a lithium-ion battery and cycled for 100 full charge-discharge cycles at 30 C. and a final capacity of 130 mAh/g using a discharge current of 30 mA/g.  
     
     
         4 . A cathode composition for a lithium-ion battery having the formula Li y+a [Li (1−2x)/3 M 2   x Mn (2−x)/3] O 15+x+y/2  where 0<a<(1−y), 0<y<(1−2x) and 0<x<0.5 and M 2  represents one or more metal elements, with the proviso that the weighted average oxidation state of all M 2  is 2 when in a fully uncharged state and 4 when in a fully charged state.  
     
     
         5 . The cathode composition of  claim 4  wherein said composition is characterized as being in the form of a single phase having an O3 crystal structure that does not undergo a phase transformation to a spinel crystal structure when incorporated in a lithium-ion battery and cycled for 100 full charge-discharge cycles at 30 C. and a final capacity of 130 mAh/g using a discharge current of 30 mA/g.  
     
     
         6 . A cathode composition for a lithium ion battery having the formula Liy[Li (1−2x)/3 M 2   x Mn (2−x)/3] O 2  where (1−2x)≦y<1 and 0<x<0.5 and M represents one or more metal elements, with the proviso that M 2  is a metal element other than chromium and that the weighted average oxidation state of all M 2  is 2 when in a fully uncharged state and 4 when in a fully charged state.  
     
     
         7 . The cathode composition of  claim 6  wherein said composition is characterized as being in the form of a single phase having an O3 crystal structure that does not undergo a phase transformation to a spinel crystal structure when incorporated in a lithium-ion battery and cycled for 100 full charge-discharge cycles at 30 C. and a final capacity of 130 mAh/g using a discharge current of 30 mA/g.  
     
     
         8 . A cathode composition for a lithium ion battery having the formula Li y [Li (1−2x)/3 M 2   x Mn (2−x)/3] O 1.5+x+y/2  where 0<y<(1−2x) and 0<x<0.5 and M 2  represents one or more metal elements, with the proviso that the weighted average oxidation state of all M 2  is 2 when in a fully uncharged state and 4 when in a fully charged state.  
     
     
         9 . The cathode composition of  claim 8  wherein said composition is characterized as being in the form of a single phase having an O3 crystal structure that does not undergo a phase transformation to a spinel crystal structure when incorporated in a lithium-ion battery and cycled for 100 full charge-discharge cycles at 30 C. and a final capacity of 130 mAh/g using a discharge current of 30 mA/g.  
     
     
         10 . A cathode composition according to any one of claims  2 - 9  wherein M 2  is nickel.  
     
     
         11 . A cathode composition for a lithium-ion battery having the formula Li y [Li (1−x)/3 M 2   x Mn (2−2x)/3 ]O 15+x/2  where 0<y<1 and 0<x<1 and M 2  represents one or more metal elements, with the proviso that the weighted average oxidation state of all M is 3 when in a fully uncharged state and 4 when in a fully charged state.  
     
     
         12 . The cathode composition of  claim 11  wherein said composition is characterized as being in the form of a single phase having an O3 crystal structure that does not undergo a phase transformation to a spinel crystal structure when incorporated in a lithium-ion battery and cycled for 100 full charge-discharge cycles at 30 C. and a final capacity of 130 mAh/g using a discharge current of 30 mA/g.  
     
     
         13 . A cathode composition for a lithium-ion battery having the formula Li y+a [Li (1−x)/3 M 2   x Mn (2−2x)/3 ]O 15+x/2+y/2  where 0<a<(1−y), 0<y<(1−x) and 0<x<1 and M 2  represents one or more metal elements, with the proviso that the weighted average oxidation state of all M 2  is 3 when in a fully uncharged state and 4 when in a fully charged state.  
     
     
         14 . The cathode composition of  claim 13  wherein said composition is characterized as being in the form of a single phase having an O3 crystal structure that does not undergo a phase transformation to a spinel crystal structure when incorporated in a lithium-ion battery and cycled for 100 full charge-discharge cycles at 30 C. and a final capacity of 130 mAh/g using a discharge current of 30 mA/g.  
     
     
         15 . A cathode composition for a lithium ion battery having the formula Li y [Li (1−x)/3 M 2   x Mn (2−2x)/3 ]O 2  where (1−x)≦y<1 and 0<x<1 and M 2  represents one or more metal elements, with the proviso that M 2  is a metal element other than chromium and that the weighted average oxidation state of all M 2  is 3 when in a fully uncharged state and 4 when in a fully charged state.  
     
     
         16 . The cathode composition of  claim 15  wherein said composition is characterized as being in the form of a single phase having an O3 crystal structure that does not undergo a phase transformation to a spinel crystal structure when incorporated in a lithium-ion battery and cycled for 100 full charge-discharge cycles at 30 C. and a final capacity of 130 mAh/g using a discharge current of 30 mA/g.  
     
     
         17 . A cathode composition for a lithium-ion battery having the formula Li y [Li (1−x)/3 M 2   x Mn (2−2x)/3 ]O 1.5+x/2+y2  where 0<y<(1−x) and 0<x<1 and M 2  represents one or more metal elements, with the proviso that the weighted average oxidation state of all M 2  is 3 when in a fully uncharged state and 4 when in a fully charged state.  
     
     
         18 . The cathode composition of  claim 17  wherein said composition is characterized as being in the form of a single phase having an O3 crystal structure that does not undergo a phase transformation to a spinel crystal structure when incorporated in a lithium-ion battery and cycled for 100 full charge-discharge cycles at 30 C. and a final capacity of 130 mAh/g using a discharge current of 30 mA/g.  
     
     
         19 . A cathode composition according to any one of claims  11 - 18  wherein M 2  is selected from the group consisting of Co and Fe and combinations thereof.  
     
     
         20 . A cathode composition for a lithium-ion battery having the formula Li y [Li (1−x)/3 M 2   x Mn (2−2x)/3 ]O 15+1.5x  where 0<y<1 and 0<x<0.33 and M 2  represents one or more metal elements, with the proviso that the weighted average oxidation state of all M 2  is 3 when in a fully uncharged state and 6 when in a fully charged state.  
     
     
         21 . The cathode composition of  claim 20  wherein said composition is characterized as being in the form of a single phase having an O3 crystal structure that does not undergo a phase transformation to a spinel crystal structure when incorporated in a lithium-ion battery and cycled for 100 full charge-discharge cycles at 30 C. and a final capacity of 130 mAh/g using a discharge current of 30 mA/g.  
     
     
         22 . A cathode composition for a lithium-ion battery having the formula Li y+a [Li (1−x)/3 M 2   x Mn (2−2x)/3] O 15+15x+y/2  where 0<a<(1−y), 0<y<(1−3x) and 0<x<0.33 M 2  represents one or more metal elements, with the proviso that the weighted average oxidation state of all M 2  is 3 when in a fully uncharged state and 6 when in a fully charged state.  
     
     
         23 . The cathode composition of  claim 22  wherein said composition is characterized as being in the form of a single phase having an O3 crystal structure that does not undergo a phase transformation to a spinel crystal structure when incorporated in a lithium-ion battery and cycled for 100 full charge-discharge cycles at 30 C. and a final capacity of 130 mAh/g using a discharge current of 30 mA/g.  
     
     
         24 . A cathode composition for a lithium-ion battery having the formula Li y [Li (1−x)/3 M 2   x Mn (2−2x)/3] O 1.5+15x+y/2  where 0<y<(1−3x) and 0<x<0.33 and M 2  represents one or more metal elements, with the proviso that the weighted average oxidation state of all M 2  is 3 when in a fully uncharged state and 4 when in a fully charged state.  
     
     
         25 . The cathode composition of  claim 24  wherein said composition is characterized as being in the form of a single phase having an O3 crystal structure that does not undergo a phase transformation to a spinel crystal structure when incorporated in a lithium-ion battery and cycled for 100 full charge-discharge cycles at 30 C. and a final capacity of 130 mAh/g using a discharge current of 30 mA/g.  
     
     
         26 . A cathode composition according to any one of claims  20 - 25  wherein M 2  is chromium.  
     
     
         27 . A lithium-ion battery comprising: 
 (a) an anode;    (b) a cathode; and    (c) an electrolyte separating said anode and said cathode, 
 said cathode comprising the cathode composition of any one of claims  1 ,  2 ,  4 ,  6 ,  8 ,  11 ,  13 ,  15 ,  17 ,  20 ,  22 , and  24 .

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