US2003157412A1PendingUtilityA1
Electrolyte and rechargeable lithium battery
Priority: Dec 21, 2001Filed: Dec 19, 2002Published: Aug 21, 2003
Est. expiryDec 21, 2021(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
H01M 10/0567H01M 10/052H01M 10/4235H01M 10/0565H01M 10/0569Y02E60/10
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Claims
Abstract
Disclosed is a rechargeable lithium battery including a positive electrode and a negative electrode in which lithium intercalations occurs, and an electrolyte including a low-inflammability solvent with a heat of combustion of 19,000 kJ/kg or less, and a lithium salt.
Claims
exact text as granted — not AI-modifiedWhat is claimed is:
1 . An electrolyte comprising:
a low-inflammability solvent with a heat of combustion of 19,000 kJ/kg or less; and a lithium salt.
2 . The electrolyte of claim 1 further comprising a non-aqueous solvent, wherein the electrolyte includes the non-aqueous solvent at less than 99 volume % and the low-inflammability solvent at of 1 volume % or more.
3 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the low-inflammability solvent has no point of combustion at a boiling temperature of the solvent under the Japanese Industrial Standard-K2265.
4 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , further comprising a polyacrylate compound.
5 . The electrolyte of claim 4 , wherein the electrolyte includes 0.01 to 10 wt % of the polyacrylate compound.
6 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , further comprising a polyacrylate compound and acrylonitrile.
7 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the low-inflammability solvent is selected from the group consisting of a benzene halide, an acetonitrile halide, an anhydrous halide, a phosphonitric trimer halide, a phosphonate halide, and a butane substituted with two chlorides and five fluorides.
8 . The electrolyte of claim 7 , wherein the benzene halide is represented by Formula 1.
(where 1+m+n=6 and (m+n)≧4)
9 . The electrolyte of claim 7 , the acetonitrile halide is represented by Formula 2.
<Formula 2> C n (X a X b )CN (where a and b are integers, a+b=2n+1; b>0; n is 1 or 2; X a is at least one selected from H, F, or Cl; and X b is at least one selected from F or Cl.)
10 . The electrolyte of claim 7 , wherein the anhydrous halide is represented by one selected from the group consisting of Formulas 3 to 7.
(where X 1 and X 2 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl, and at least one of X 1 and X 2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
(where X 1 to X 4 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl; and at least one of X 1 to X 4 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
(where X 1 and X 2 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl, and at least one of X 1 and X 2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F or Cl.)
(where X 1 to X 4 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl; and at least one of X 1 to X 4 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
(where X 1 to X 6 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl; and at least one of X 1 to X 6 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
11 . The electrolyte of claim 7 , wherein the phosphonitric trimer halide is represented by Formula 8.
(where X 1 to X 6 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl; and at least one of X 1 to X 6 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
12 . The electrolyte of claim 7 , wherein the phosphonate halide is represented by Formulas 9 or 10.
(where X 1 to X 4 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl; and at least one of X 1 to X 4 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
(where X 1 to X 2 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl; and at least one of X 1 and X 2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
13 . The electrolyte of claim 7 wherein the butane substituted with two chlorides and five fluorides is represented by Formulas 11 or 12.
<Formula 11>
CF 3 CF 2 CHCl 2
<Formula 12>
CClF 2 CF 2 CHClF
14 . The electrolyte of claim 1 , further comprising antimony oxide represented by Formula 13.
<Formula 13> Sb n O m (where n is 2, and m is 3 to 5.)
15 . A rechargeable lithium battery comprising:
a positive electrode in which lithium intercalation occurs; a negative electrode in which lithium intercalation occurs; and an electrolyte comprising a low-inflammability solvent with a heat of combustion of 19,000 kJ/kg or less.
16 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 15 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises a non-aqueous solvent, and the electrolyte includes the non-aqueous solvent at less than 99 volume % and the low-inflammability solvent at of 1 volume % or more.
17 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 15 , wherein the low-inflammability solvent has no flash point at a boiling temperature of the solvent or less under a flash point test the Japanese Industrial Standard-K2265.
18 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 15 further comprising a polyacrylate compound.
19 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 18 , wherein the electrolyte includes 0.01 to 10 wt % of the polyacrylate compound.
20 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 15 further comprising a polyacrylate compound and acrylonitrile.
21 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 15 , wherein the low-inflammability solvent is selected from the group consisting of abenzene halide, an acetonitrile halide, an anhydrous halide, a phosphonitric trimer halide, a phosphonate halide, and a butane substituted with two chlorides and five fluorides.
22 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 21 , wherein the benzene halide is represented by Formula 1.
(where 1+m+n=6 and (m+n)≧4)
23 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 21 , the acetonitrile halide is represented by Formula 2.
<Formula 2> C n (X a X b )CN (where a and b are integers, a+b=2n+1; b>0; n is 1 or 2; X a is at least one selected from H, F, or Cl; and X b is at least one selected from F or Cl.)
24 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 21 , wherein the anhydrous halide is represented by one selected from the groups of Formulas 3 to 7.
(where X 1 and X 2 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl, and at least one of X 1 and X 2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
(where X 1 to X 4 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl; and at least one of X 1 to X 4 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
(where X 1 and X 2 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl, and at least one of X 1 and X 2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F or Cl.)
(where X 1 to X 4 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl; and at least one of X 1 to X 4 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
(where X 1 to X 6 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl; and at least one of X 1 to X 6 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
25 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 21 , wherein the phosphonitric trimer halide is preferably represented by Formula 8.
(where X 1 to X 6 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl; and at least one of X 1 to X 6 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
26 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 21 , wherein the phosphonate halide is represented by Formulas 9 or 10.
(where X 1 to X 4 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl; and at least one of X 1 to X 4 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
(where X 1 to X 2 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl; and at least one of X 1 and X 2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
27 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 21 wherein the butane substituted with two chlorides and five fluorides is represented by Formulas 11 or 12.
<Formula 11>
CF 3 CF 2 CHCl 2
<Formula 12>
CClF 2 CF 2 CHClF
28 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 15 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises antimony oxide represented by Formula 13.
<Formula 13> Sb n O m (where n is 2, and m is 3 to 5.)
29 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 15 , wherein a surface of the negative electrode is coated with an organic layer of a polyacrylate compound.
30 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 29 , wherein the surface of the negative electrode is coated with an organic layer of both the polyacrylate compound and acrylonitrile.
31 . A rechargeable lithium battery comprising:
a positive electrode in which lithium intercalation occurs; a negative electrode in which lithium intercalation occurs; an electrolyte comprising a low-inflammability solvent with a heat of combustion of 19,000 kJ/kg or less, a polymer derived from a polyacrylate compound, and a lithium salt, wherein a surface of the negative electrode is coated with an organic layer of a polyacrylate compound.
32 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 31 , wherein the surface of the negative electrode organic layer is coated with an organic layer of both a polyacrylate compound and acrylonitrile.
33 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 31 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises a non-aqueous solvent, and the electrolyte includes the non-aqueous solvent of less than 99 volume % and the low-inflammability solvent of 1 volume % or more.
34 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 31 , wherein the low-inflammability solvent has no flash point at a boiling temperature of the solvent or less under a flash point test of the Japanese Industrial Standard-K2265.
35 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 31 , wherein the low-inflammability solvent is selected from the group consisting of a benzene halide, an acetonitrile halide, an anhydrous halide, a phosphonitric trimer halide, a phosphonate halide, and a butane substituted with two chlorides and five fluorides.
36 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 35 , wherein the benzene halide is represented by Formula 1.
(where 1+m+n=6 and m+n≧4)
37 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 35 , the acetonitrile halide is represented by Formula 2.
<Formula 2> C n (X a X b )CN (where a and b are integers, a+b=2n+1; b>0; n is 1 or 2; X a is at least one selected from H, F, or Cl; and X b is at least one selected from F or Cl.)
38 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 35 , wherein the anhydrous halide is represented by one selected from the group consisting of Formulas 3 to 7.
(where X 1 and X 2 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl, and at least one of X 1 and X 2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
(where X 1 to X 4 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl; and at least one of X 1 to X 4 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
(where X 1 and X 2 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl, and at least one of X 1 and X 2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F or Cl.)
(where X 1 to X 4 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl; and at least one of X 1 to X 4 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
(where X 1 to X 6 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl; and at least one of X 1 to X 6 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
39 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 35 , wherein the phosphonitric trimer halide is preferably represented by Formula 8.
(where X 1 to X 6 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl; and at least one of X 1 to X 6 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
40 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 35 , wherein the phosphonate halide is represented by Formulas 9 or 10.
(where X 1 to X 4 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl; and at least one of X 1 to X 4 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
(where X 1 to X 2 are the same or different; they are at least one selected from the group consisting of H, F, and Cl; and at least one of X 1 and X 2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of F and Cl.)
41 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 35 wherein the butane substituted with two chlorides and five fluorides is represented by Formulas 11 or 12.
<Formula 11>
CF 3 CF 2 CHCl 2
<Formula 12>
CClF 2 CF 2 CHClF
42 . The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 31 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises antimony oxide represented by Formula 13.
<Formula 13> Sb n O m (where n is 2, and m is 3 to 5.)Cited by (0)
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