Olefinic composition with high octane decreasing the level of pollutants emissions in automotive vehicles

Abstract

Dimerized branched olefins having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms obtained by controlled dimerization as of olefinics from having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms are blended with commercial fuel pools to increasing octane rank and decrease pollutant emissions.

What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A gasoline fuel formulation comprising between about 5 and about 15 percent by volume of a blend of branched olefins having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms obtained from the dimerization of olefins having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms, said fuel formulation having a having a high octane rating and a decreased pollutant emissions level when used as a fuel in the internal combustion engine of automotive vehicles, as compared to a similar gasoline fuel formulation containing the same percentage of lower molecular weight olefins.  
     
     
         2 . The gasoline fuel formulation of  claim 1 , wherein said additive comprises a blend of branched olefins having from 7 to 9 carbon atoms.  
     
     
         3 . The gasoline fuel formulation of  claim 2 , wherein said additive comprises trimethylpentenes and dimethylhexenes.  
     
     
         4 . The gasoline fuel formulation of  claim 1 , wherein said dimerization is conducted using a solid acid catalyst or a supported metal oxide catalyst.  
     
     
         5 . The gasoline fuel formulation of  claim 4 , wherein said catalyst is a phosphoric acid on silica catalyst.  
     
     
         6 . The gasoline fuel formulation of  claim 4 , wherein said dimerization reaction is conducted in the liquid phase.  
     
     
         7 . The gasoline fuel formulation of  claim 6 , wherein said dimerization reaction is conducted at a temperature in the range of from about 100° to about 200° C. and a pressure of from about 300 to about 800 psia and a space velocity of from a WHSV of from about 0.5 to about 2.0 h −1 .  
     
     
         8 . The gasoline fuel formulation of  claim 5 , wherein said dimerization reaction is conducted at a temperature in the range of from about 120° to about 140° C. and a pressure of from about 450 to about 600 psia and a space velocity of from a WHSV of from about 0.7 to about 0.9 h −1 .  
     
     
         9 . The gasoline fuel formulation of  claim 5 , wherein said gasoline fuel formulation has an octane rank between 90 and 130.  
     
     
         10 . A process for the production of a fuel formulation, which comprises admixing between about 5 and about 15 percent by volume of a blend of branched olefins having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms obtained from the dimerization of olefins having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms directly with a commercial gasoline fuel pool to produce a fuel formulation having a having a high octane rating and a decreased pollutant emissions level, when used as a fuel in the internal combustion engine of automotive vehicles, as compared to a similar fuel formulation containing the same percentage of lower molecular weight olefins.  
     
     
         11 . The process of  claim 10 , wherein said branched olefins have from 7 to 9 carbon atoms.  
     
     
         12 . The process of  claim 11 , wherein said branched olefins comprise trimethylpentenes and dimethylhexenes.  
     
     
         13 . The process of  claim 10 , wherein said dimerization is conducted using a solid acid catalyst or a supported metal oxide catalyst.  
     
     
         14 . The process of  claim 13 , wherein said dimerization is conducted in the liquid phase.  
     
     
         15 . The process of  claim 14 , wherein said dimerization reaction is conducted at a temperature in the range of from about 100° to about 200° C. and a pressure of from about 300 to about 800 psia and a space velocity of from a WHSV of from about 0.5 to about 2.0 h −1 .  
     
     
         16 . The process of  claim 13 , wherein said catalyst is a phosphoric acid on silica catalyst.  
     
     
         17 . The process of  claim 16 , wherein said dimerization reaction is conducted at a temperature in the range of from about 120° to about 140° C., and a pressure of from about 450 to about 600 psia, and a space velocity of from a WHSV of from about 0.7 to about 0.9 h −1 .  
     
     
         18 . The process of  claim 17 , wherein said gasoline fuel formulation has an octane rank between 90 and 130.  
     
     
         19 . The process of  claim 10 , wherein said blend of branched olefins are admixed with said gasoline fuel pool with hydrogenation.  
     
     
         20 . A process for the production of a fuel formulation, which comprises admixing between about 5 and about 15 percent by volume of a blend of branched olefins having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms with a commercial gasoline fuel pool to produce a fuel formulation having a having a high octane rating and a decreased pollutant emissions level, when used as a fuel in the internal combustion engine of automotive vehicles, as compared to a similar fuel formulation containing the same percentage of lower molecular weight olefins.