Fiber-reinforced laminates

Abstract

Fiber-reinforced laminates comprising at least two layers at least one of which comprises a polymer curable by irradiation with high-energy light, processes for producing them, and their use.

What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A fiber-reinforced laminate having at least two layers at least one of which comprises a polymer containing allyl groups, acrylic groups and/or methacrylic groups which is curable by irradiation with high-energy light.  
     
     
         2 . The fiber-reinforced laminate as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein one outer layer A′ comprises a polymer A which contains allyl groups, acrylic groups and/or methacrylic groups and is curable by high-energy radiation and an adjacent layer comprises reinforcing fibers and a curable composition B′ comprising a polymer B selected from systems polymerizable free-radically (B1) and by irradiation with high-energy light (B2).  
     
     
         3 . The fiber-reinforced laminate as claimed in  claim 2 , wherein the polymers A and B2 are selected independently of one another from epoxy acrylates, urethane acrylates, melamine acrylates, polyether acrylates, polyester acrylates, the corresponding methacrylates, and allyl group-containing polyesters, and mixtures thereof.  
     
     
         4 . The fiber-reinforced laminate as claimed in  claim 2 , wherein the polymers B1 are unsaturated polyesters which if desired contain styrene.  
     
     
         5 . The fiber-reinforced laminate as claimed in  claim 2 , wherein the polymers B1 are selected from allyl group-containing polyesters and mixtures thereof with unsaturated polyesters based on fumaric acid.  
     
     
         6 . The fiber-reinforced laminate as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the first layer is a flexible sheet selected from veneers, polymer films, and metal foils and the second layer comprises reinforcing fibers and the radiation-curable polymer A.  
     
     
         7 . The fiber-reinforced laminate as claimed in  claim 6 , wherein the first layer is a veneer which after the curing of the second layer is coated with at least one coating cured by irradiation with high-energy light.  
     
     
         8 . A process for producing a cured laminate as claimed in  claim 2 , comprising the steps of (1) producing a cured polymer layer A′ from a polymer A by irradiation with high-energy light and (2) applying a further layer to the layer A′ produced in step (1), the further layer comprising reinforcing fibers and a curable composition B′ which originates by free-radical polymerization from a free-radically polymerizable system B1 and/or by irradiation of a system B2 with high-energy light.  
     
     
         9 . A process for producing a shaped laminate as claimed in  claim 2 , which comprises in the first step coating a molding or an area of a smooth substrate with a layer Z which has an antiadhesive action, then in a second step coating this layer with a composition comprising a substance A polymerizable by irradiation with high-energy light, in the third step polymerizing the substance A by irradiation and so curing it, in the fourth step coating the free surface of this layer with a curable composition B′ comprising a polymer B selected from systems polymerizable free-radically (B1) and by irradiation with high-energy light (B2) and reinforcing fibers, in the fifth step at least partly curing the curable composition B′, and in the sixth step detaching this system from said area or said molding, the laminate formed being subsequently shaped under the action of heat and pressure while the composition B′ has not yet fully cured.  
     
     
         10 . A process for producing a laminate as claimed in  claim 6 , which comprises covering the sheet with a layer comprising reinforcing fibers impregnated with a polymer A curable by irradiation with high-energy light and then curing the polymer-impregnated fiber layer by irradiation.  
     
     
         11 . The process for producing a coated laminate as claimed in  claim 10 , wherein after the fiber layer has been cured the sheet is coated with a clearcoat material curable by irradiation with high-energy light.