Quaternary surfactants

Abstract

The invention relates to quaternary surfactants of formula (I) wherein R 1 CO represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated acyl radical, optionally having a hydroxy function, and having between 6 and 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds; R 2 represents a CH 2 COOH radical or an alkyl radical having between 1 and 4 carbon atoms, or a CH 2 CH 2 OH or CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OH 2 group; and X represents a halide, alkylsulfate, alkylcarbonate or alkylphosphate.

1 . A quaternary surfactant of the formula (I),  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which R 1 CO is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, optionally hydroxy-functionalized acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, R 2  is a CH 2 COOH radical, an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a CH 2 CH 2 OH or CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OH group and x is halide, alkyl sulfate, alkyl carbonate or alkyl phosphate:  
     
     
         2 . The quaternary surfactant as claimed in  claim 1 , characterized in that it has an amphoteric betaine structure or a cationic amide quat structure.  
     
     
         3 . A process for the preparation of quaternary surfactants of the formula (I),  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which R 1 CO is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, optionally hydroxy-functionalized acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, R 2  is a CH 2 COOH radical or an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a CH 2 CH 2 OH or CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OH group and X is halide, alkyl sulfate, alkyl carbonate or alkyl phosphate, characterized in that 
 (a) fatty acids and/or fatty acid glycerol esters are condensed with aminopropylmethylethanolamine, and  
 (b) the resulting fatty acid amidoamines are then quaternized with alkylating agents in a manner known per se.  
 
     
     
         4 . The process as claimed in  claim 3 , characterized in that fatty acids of the formula (II) are used,  
       R 1 CO—OH   (II)  
       in which R 1 CO has the meaning described above.  
     
     
         5 . The process as claimed in  claim 3 , characterized in that fatty acid glycerides of the formula (III) are used,  
       R 1 CO—CH 2 CH(OR 3 )CH 2 OR 4    (III)  
       in which R 1 CO has the meaning given above and R 3  and R 4 , independently of one another, are hydrogen or optionally hydroxy-functionalized acyl radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds.  
     
     
         6 . The process as claimed in at least one of  claims 3  to  5 , characterized in that mixtures of the fatty acids or fatty acid glycerol esters with dicarboxylic acids are used.  
     
     
         7 . The process as claimed in at least one of  claims 3  to  6 , characterized in that the alkylating agent used is chloroacetic acid and/or salts thereof.  
     
     
         8 . The process as claimed in at least one of  claims 3  to  6 , characterized in that the alkylating agents used are alkyl halides, dialkyl sulfates, carbonates or phosphates or ethylene oxide.  
     
     
         9 . The use of quaternary surfactants as claimed in  claim 1  for the preparation of cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical preparations.  
     
     
         10 . The use of quaternary surfactants as claimed in  claim 1  for the preparation of laundry detergents, dishwashing detergents, cleaners and hand modifiers.