Particles comprising a biopolymer which is degradable under the effect of an electromagnetic wave as emitted by a solar radiation

Abstract

The invention relates mainly to a particle comprising at least one biopolymer which is degradable under the effect of an electromagnetic wavelength, notably the wavelength of which is in the spectrum of the wavelengths emitted by the sun, this biopolymer comprising nucleosides. The invention also relates to compositions containing such particles with the aim of delivering an active principle. These particles can be used mainly in cosmetics, in dermatology, in pharmacy, in agri-food or en agro-industrials.

What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A particle which comprises at least one biopolymer which is degradable under the effect of an electromagnetic wave, this biopolymer comprising nucleosides.  
     
     
         2 . The particle of  claim 1 , wherein the wavelength of said electromagnetic wave is in the spectrum of the wavelengths emitted by the sun.  
     
     
         3 . The particle of  claim 1 , wherein the biopolymer is selected from the group consisting of: a DNA, an RNA, an oligonucleotide, an oligonucleoside, and one of a mixture of these.  
     
     
         4 . The particle of  claim 1 , wherein the biopolymer is selected from the group consisting of: DNA of marine origin, RNA of marine origin, DNA of plant origin, RNA of plant origin, oligo-antisenses, polyamide nucleic acids (PNA), small interfering RNAs or siRNAs, messenger RNAs or mRNAs, hybrid molecules containing an oligonucleosidic part, hybrid molecules containing an oligonucleotidic part, oligonucleosides having chemical modifications, and oligonucleotides having chemical modifications.  
     
     
         5 . The particle of  claim 4 , wherein said chemical modifications are graftings of hydrophobic molecules.  
     
     
         6 . The particle of  claim 1 , wherein the particle is a component selected from the group consisting of: a microcapsule, a microsphere, a liposome, and any mixture of these components.  
     
     
         7 . The particle of  claim 6 , wherein the size of the particules is in the range of 1 to 100 μm.  
     
     
         8 . The particle of claim  600 , wherein the size of the particules is in the range of 2 to 80 μm.  
     
     
         9 . The particle of  claim 1 , wherein the particle is a component selected from the group consisting of: a nanocapsule, a nanosphere, and any mixture of these particles.  
     
     
         10 . The particle of  claim 9 , wherein the size of the particules is in the range of 10 nm to 1 μm.  
     
     
         11 . The particle of  claim 9 , wherein the size of the particules is in the range of 20 to 900 nm.  
     
     
         12 . The particle of  claim 1 , which contains at least one active principle.  
     
     
         13 . The particle of  claim 12 , wherein the active principle can be released under the effect of a electromagnetic radiation.  
     
     
         14 . The particle of  claim 13 , wherein said radiation is selected from the group consisting of a solar radiation, and a UV radiation.  
     
     
         15 . The particle of  claim 12 , wherein said active principle is topically acceptable.  
     
     
         16 . The particle of  claim 13 , wherein the release of the active principle is effected in relation with the intensity of the energy of the radiation.  
     
     
         17 . The particle of  claim 13 , wherein a release of a sufficient amount of the active principle is effected in a period of about at the maximum 24 hours after exposure to a radiation of energy sufficient to cause such a release.  
     
     
         18 . The particle of  claim 13 , wherein a release of a sufficient amount of the active principle is effected during an exposure to a radiation of energy greater than 200 kJ/m 2 .  
     
     
         19 . The particle of  claim 18 , wherein said energy of the radiation is greater than 4,000 kJ/m 2 .  
     
     
         20 . The particle of  claim 13 , wherein said active principle is a component selected from the group consisting of: a liposoluble active principle, and a hydrosoluble active principle.  
     
     
         21 . The particle of  claim 13 , wherein said active principle is selected from the group consisting of: antioxidants, moisturising agents, solar filters, vitamins, co-enzymes, perfumes, anti-bacterial agents and preservatives, moisturising actives, <<anti-age>> actives, skin barrier tonics, active principles which protect from a solar radiation, active principles which protect from a UV radiation, active principles which protect from a solar and a UV radiation, active principles which repair the skin during an exposure to a solar radiation, active principles which repair the skin after an exposure to a solar radiation, active principles which repair the skin during an exposure to a UV radiation, active principles which repair the skin after an exposure to a UV radiation, active principles which repair the skin during an exposure to a solar radiation and a UV radiation, active principles which repair the skin after an exposure to a solar radiation and a UV radiation, any active principle the progressive release of which is necessary to control by linking it to the dose of radiation, active principles which are badly absorbed by the skin, and one of a mixture of these.  
     
     
         22 . The particle of  claim 21 , wherein said radiation, the dose of which applied is linked to the necessary control of the progressive release of the active principle, is UV.  
     
     
         23 . The particle of  claim 1 , which is obtained by cross-linking with a cross-linking agent.  
     
     
         24 . The particle of  claim 23 , wherein said cross-linking is interfacial polymerization.  
     
     
         25 . The particle of  claim 23 , wherein said cross-linking agent is selected from the group consisting of: dichlorides of organic acids, dichlorides of tricarboxylic acids, acid dianhydrides, diisocyanates, dialdehydes, and di-epoxides.  
     
     
         26 . The particle of  claim 25 , wherein said dichloride of organic acids is a dichloride of an organic acid selected from the group consisting of: fumaric acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, terephthalic acid, phthalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, and adipic acid.  
     
     
         27 . The particle of  claim 25 , wherein said dichloride of tricarboxylic acids is a dichloride of citric acid.  
     
     
         28 . The particle of  claim 25 , wherein said dialdehyde is selected from the group consisting of: glutaraldehyde, and formaldehyde.  
     
     
         29 . A composition selected from the group consisting of: a cosmetic composition, a dermatological composition, a pharmaceutical composition, an agri-food composition and an agro-industrial composition; which comprises at least one particle as defined in  claim 1 , or one of the various possible mixtures of these particles.  
     
     
         30 . The composition of  claim 29 , which further comprises a topically acceptable excipient.  
     
     
         31 . The composition of  claim 30 , wherein said topically acceptable excipient is an agent selected from the group consisting of: preservatives, hydrophilic gelling agents, lipophilic gelling agents, solvents, emulsifiers, co-emulsifiers, moisteners, thickeners, stabilizers, antioxidants, solar filters, pigments, colorant materials, organic or inorganic fillers, perfumes, and odor absorbers.  
     
     
         32 . The composition of  claim 28 , which is formulated in a form selected from the group consisting of: an aqueous solution, an oily solution, a cream in a pot, a cream in a tube, an aqueous gel, an oily gel, a shower gel, a shampoo, a milk, an emulsion, a microemulsion, a nanoemulsion, an oil-in-water emulsion, a water-in-oil emulsion, a multiple emulsion, a silicone-containing emulsion, a lotion, a liquid soap, a dermatological bar, an ointment, a foam, an anhydrous product, a stick, and a lipstick.  
     
     
         33 . The composition of  claim 32 , wherein said anhydrous product is a product the form of which is selected from the group consisting of: a liquid, a paste, and a solid.  
     
     
         34 . Use of a component selected from the group consisting of: particles of  claim 1 , and a composition of  claim 29;  for releasing an active, during an exposure of the particles to an electromagnetic wave.  
     
     
         35 . The use of  claim 34 , wherein the wavelength of said electromagnetic wave is in the spectrum of the wavelengths emitted by the sun.  
     
     
         36 . The use of  claim 34 , wherein the release of the active during an exposure of the particles to the electromagnetic wave is in relation with the intensity of the energy of the electromagnetic wave.  
     
     
         37 . The use of  claim 34  for providing an effect on the skin selected from the group consisting of: protecting the skin, and repairing the skin; during or after an exposure to an electromagnetic wave in the spectrum of the wavelengths emitted by the sun.  
     
     
         38 . The use of  claim 34 , which is during or after an exposure to a radiation selected from the group consisting of: solar radiation, and UV radiation.  
     
     
         39 . The use of  claim 34  for releasing, according to the intensity of the energy of the radiation, an active principle which is selected from the group consisting of: an active principle which is badly tolerated by the skin, and an active principle which would penetrate too rapidly into the skin.  
     
     
         40 . The use of  claim 39 , wherein said active principle is a solar filter.  
     
     
         41 . The use of  claim 39 , which has the aim of releasing this active only in case of need.  
     
     
         42 . A method of cosmetic care, wherein a component selected from the group consisting of: particles of  claim 1 , and a composition of  claim 29;  containing at least one cosmetic active principle, is/are applied on an area of the body selected from the group consisting of: the skin, the body hairs, and the hair; and wherein in the component, the particles, which are alone or in a mixture so as to form a cosmetic composition, degrade during an exposure to the sun, and release at least one active principle, thus enabling providing an effect selected from the group consisting of: an indication of the effects of the sun on said area of the body, providing a beneficial effect to said area of the body, during an exposure to the sun.  
     
     
         43 . A method of treatment of a plant, wherein a component selected from the group consisting of: particles of  claim 1 , and a composition of  claim 29;  containing at least one agri-food active principle, is/are applied on an area selected from the group consisting of: around a seed, on the leaves of a plant, on the entire plant, on a part of the plant, on the base of the plant, on the roots of the plant, or around the plant; and wherein in the component, the particles, which are alone or in a mixture so as to form a agri-food or agro-industrial composition, degrade during an exposure to the sun, and release at least one active principle, thus enabling providing an effect selected from the group consisting of: an indication to the seed or the plant of the effects of the sun, an a treatment of at least one harmful effect linked to an exposure to the sun, and an improvement of a beneficial effect linked to an exposure to the sun.