Dyeing or bleaching apparatus of yarns wound on reels or similar packages

Abstract

Dyeing or bleaching apparatus of yarns wound on reels or similar packages, comprising a plurality of small vertical dyeing boilers ( 15 ) arranged on a single circumference each suitable for receiving a mobile reel-holding shaft ( 13 ) able to be removed at the same time as the others for the subsequent centrifugal water-removal and drying operations, functioning in a reduced bath able to be impregnated even at fractional capacities with a constant bath ratio and productivity.

1 . Dyeing or bleaching apparatus of yarns wound on reels or similar packages, with a low bath ratio, comprising a plurality of small treatment boilers ( 15 ) with a vertical axis closed on the bases ( 48 ) and equipped with removable closing lids ( 11 ), said small boilers ( 15 ) being equipped with entry and/or exit tubes ( 18 ,  19 ) of a treatment bath, in each of said small boilers ( 15 ) being arranged at least one removable support shaft ( 13 ), on which reels of yarn or similar packages ( 12 ) are slotted one on top of the other, characterised in that it comprises at least two distinct treatment sectors ( 2 ,  2 ′,  3 ,  4 ,  5 , n) each equipped with at least one circulation group of the treatment bath ( 90 ,  91 ,  92 ,  93 ), with interconnection means between said sectors, and with selection means for opening or closing said interconnection means.  
     
     
         2 . Apparatus according to  claim 1 , characterised in that each circulation group ( 90 - 93 ) of the treatment liquid comprises at least one circulation pump ( 16 ), at least one heat exchanger ( 17 ) for heating and cooling the bath and at least one flow-inverter ( 60 ) to invert the circulation of the treatment bath inside the small boilers ( 15 ).  
     
     
         3 . Apparatus according to  claim 2 , characterised in that said treatment sectors ( 2 ,  2 ′,  3 ,  4 ,  5 , n) each comprise a plurality of small boilers ( 15 ) connected through said entry and/or exit tubes ( 18 ,  19 ) to two fluid connectors ( 56 ,  57 ,  56 ′,  57 ′) each in turn connected to a circulation group of the bath ( 90 - 93 ) to allow the circulation of the treatment bath.  
     
     
         4 . Apparatus according to  claim 3 , characterised in that said fluid connectors ( 56 ,  57 ,  56 ′,  57 ′) each comprise two ducts ( 61 ,  62 ,  63 ,  64 ,  74 - 81 ) joined to said entry and/or exit tubes ( 18 ,  19 ) to divide said small boilers ( 15 ) into distinct treatment sectors ( 2 ,  2 ′,  3 ,  4 ,  5 , n).  
     
     
         5 . Apparatus according to  claim 2 , characterised in that said treatment sectors ( 2 ,  2 ′,  3 ,  4 ,  5 , n) comprise a single small boiler ( 15 ) equipped with at least one fluid connector ( 58 ) connected to the circulation group of the treatment bath to allow the circulation of the treatment bath; each connector ( 58 ) being configured to support many reel-holding shafts ( 13 ).  
     
     
         6 . Apparatus according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that said interconnection means comprise interconnection ducts ( 66 ,  67 ) suitable for placing said at least two treatment sectors ( 2 ,  2 ′,  3 ,  4 ,  5 , n) in fluid connection.  
     
     
         7 . Apparatus according to  claim 6 , characterised in that said selection means comprise valves ( 68 ,  69 ,  70 - 73 ,  100 - 116 ) to exclude said interconnection ducts ( 66 ,  67 ) from the circulation of the treatment baths.  
     
     
         8 . Apparatus according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that each lid ( 11 ) is attached to a small boiler ( 15 ) and is moved by an opening and closing device ( 51 ,  20 ,  21 ,  43 ).  
     
     
         9 . Apparatus according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that said lids ( 11 ) mechanically and hermetically close upper edges ( 44 ) of the small boilers ( 15 ) with locking devices ( 42 ).  
     
     
         10 . Apparatus according to  claim 8 , characterised in that said opening and closing device comprises a lever ( 51 ), which, supports at one end a lid ( 11 ), said lever ( 51 ) being pivoted with a pin ( 43 ) and actuated by a reversal cylinder ( 20 ) fixed, with a bracket ( 21 ), to said small boiler.  
     
     
         11 . Apparatus according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that said support shafts ( 13 ) are removable each arranged circumferentially between housings ( 25 ′,  29 ) formed near to said bases ( 48 ) and said lids ( 11 ), respectively.  
     
     
         12 . Apparatus according to  claim 11 , characterised in that said housings ( 25 ′,  29 ) consist of a series of conical seats ( 25 ′), formed on the inner bases ( 48 ) of the small boilers ( 15 ), and arranged on a single circumference that passes through the centre of them, and a corresponding series of seats ( 29 ), formed on the lids ( 11 ), which, in the closing of the lids ( 11 ) on the small boilers ( 15 ), are coaxial with the centre of the conical seats ( 25 ′) formed on the bases of the small boilers ( 15 ), and which are on a surface that faces towards the inside of the small boilers ( 15 ).  
     
     
         13 . Apparatus according to  claim 11 , characterised in that said support shafts ( 13 ) are equipped at the bottom with conical seats ( 25 ), suitable for a removable housing in said conical seats ( 25 ′).  
     
     
         14 . Apparatus according to  claim 11  or  12 , characterised in that said seats ( 29 ) present on the lids ( 11 ) are provided with pins ( 30 ) with a head ( 32 ) equipped with compensation springs ( 31 ), such as to lock, at the act of closing the lids ( 11 ) on the small boilers ( 15 ), the support shafts ( 13 ) in the conical seats ( 25 ′) formed on the bases ( 48 ) of the small boilers ( 15 ), through chamfers ( 24 ) realised at the upper ends of the shafts ( 13 ).  
     
     
         15 . Apparatus according to  claim 1 , characterised in that said support shafts ( 13 ) have a slot ( 27 ) at the top suitable for being attached through reversible attachment means ( 28 ) to moving devices ( 14 ).