US2005029194A1PendingUtilityA1

Method for removal of guanidine compound from aqueous media

44
Priority: Aug 7, 2003Filed: Dec 22, 2003Published: Feb 10, 2005
Est. expiryAug 7, 2023(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:David Bruce HallThomas Link GuggenheimJames Manio SilvaFarid Fouad KhouriMatthew Hal LittlejohnBalakrishnan GanesanAshok ShyadligeriPradeep Nadkarni
B01D 61/027B01D 61/14C02F 1/44C07C 277/00C07C 277/06C02F 1/281C02F 2101/38C02F 1/283B01D 15/08C02F 9/00
44
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Claims

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for removing a neutral or an ionic guanidine compound from an aqueous media optionally comprising an alkali metal halide, wherein the method is selected from the group consisting of (a) adsorption onto a carbonaceous adsorbent, (b) adsorption onto a clay adsorbent, (c) filtration through a nanofiltration membrane, and (d) removal of water and calcination.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1 . A method for removing a neutral or an ionic guanidine compound from an aqueous media comprising less than 4 wt. % of an alkali metal halide, wherein the method is selected from the group consisting of (a) adsorption onto a carbonaceous adsorbent, (b) adsorption onto a clay adsorbent, (c) filtration through a nanofiltration membrane, and (d) removal of water and calcination.  
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the guanidine compound has the formula  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein each of R 2 , R 3 , R 4  and R 5  is independently a primary alkyl radical and R 1  is a primary alkyl or bis(primary alkylene) radical, or at least one of the R 1 -R 2  or R 3 -R 4  combinations with the connecting nitrogen atom forms a heterocyclic radical; and the value of the parameter n is 1 or 2.  
       
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the guanidine compound has the formula  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein each of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5  and R 6  is independently a primary alkyl radical and R 1  a primary alkyl or bis(primary alkylene) radical, or at least one of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5  and R 6  is hydrogen, or at least one of the R 1 -R 2 , R 3 -R 4  or R 5 -R 6  combinations with the connecting nitrogen atom forms a heterocyclic radical; the moiety X is an anion; and the value of the parameter n is 1 or 2.  
       
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein both a neutral and an ionic guanidine compound are removed from the aqueous media.  
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the concentration of guanidine compound present initially in the aqueous media ranges from about 0.5 parts per million to about 100,000 parts per million.  
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the aqueous media is free of alkali metal halide.  
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the aqueous media comprises an alkali metal halide in an amount of between about 0.01 wt. % and about 4 wt. %.  
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the alkali metal halide is selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride and potassium chloride.  
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous adsorbent is an activated carbon.  
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous adsorbent is derived from the pyrolysis of a synthetic resinous polymer.  
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous adsorbent is employed with aqueous media at a pH of greater than 7.  
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the adsorbent is a clay selected from the group consisting of kaolinite, halloysite, dickite, nacrite, montmorillonite, nontronite, beidellite, hectorite, saponite, hydromicas, phengite, brammallite, glaucomite, celadonite, kenyaite, magadite, bentonite, stevensite, muscovite, sauconite, vermiculite, volkonskoite, laponite, mica, fluoromica, smectite, and mixtures containing at least one of these clays.  
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the clay comprises sodium montmorillonite.  
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the nanofiltration membrane has a molecular weight cut-off sufficient to retain from about 70% to about 100% of the guanidine compound.  
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein calcination is performed at a temperature in a range of between about 500° C. and about 600° C.  
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the concentration of guanidine compound following removal is less than 30% of the initial concentration.  
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the concentration of guanidine compound following removal is less than 15% of the initial concentration.  
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising the step of recovering the guanidine compound.  
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein an additional inorganic or organic component is removed in addition to the neutral or ionic guanidine compound.  
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein the additional component is sodium phenylphosphinate.  
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein the additional component is chlorophthalic acid.  
     
     
         22 . A method for removing a guanidine compound selected from the group consisting of hexaethylguanidinium chloride, pentaethylguanidine, and mixtures thereof, from an aqueous media comprising less than 4 wt. % of an alkali metal halide, wherein the method is selected from the group consisting of (a) adsorption onto a carbonaceous adsorbent selected from the group consisting of activated carbon and a carbonaceous adsorbent derived from the pyrolysis of a synthetic resinous polymer, (b) adsorption onto a clay adsorbent, (c) filtration through a nanofiltration membrane having a molecular weight cut-off sufficient to retain from about 80% to about 100% of the guanidine compound, and (d) removal of water and calcination at a temperature in a range of between about 500° C. and about 600° C.; 
 wherein the concentration of guanidine compound present initially in the aqueous media ranges from about 1 part per million to about 20,000 parts per million, and wherein the concentration of guanidine compound following removal is less than 20% of the initial concentration.    
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 22 , wherein the aqueous media is free of alkali metal halide.  
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 22 , wherein the aqueous media comprises an alkali metal halide in an amount of between about 0.01 wt. % and about 4 wt. %.  
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 24  wherein the alkali metal halide is selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride and potassium chloride.  
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 22 , wherein the carbonaceous adsorbent is employed with aqueous media at a pH of greater than 7.  
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 22  further comprising the step of recovering the guanidine compound.  
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 22 , wherein an additional inorganic or organic component is removed in addition to the neutral or ionic guanidine compound.  
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 28 , wherein the additional component is sodium phenylphosphinate.  
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 28 , wherein the additional component is chlorophthalic acid.  
     
     
         31 . A method for removing a guanidine compound selected from the group consisting of hexaethylguanidinium chloride, pentaethylguanidine, and mixtures thereof, from an aqueous media optionally comprising an alkali metal halide, wherein the method is selected from the group consisting of (b) adsorption onto a clay adsorbent, (c) filtration through a nanofiltration membrane having a molecular weight cut-off sufficient to retain from about 80% to about 100% of the guanidine compound, and (d) removal of water and calcination at a temperature in a range of between about 500° C. and about 600° C.; 
 wherein the concentration of guanidine compound present initially in the aqueous media ranges from about 1 part per million to about 20,000 parts per million, and wherein the concentration of guanidine compound following removal is less than 20% of the initial concentration.    
     
     
         32 . The method of  claim 31 , wherein the aqueous media is free of alkali metal halide.  
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 31  wherein the alkali metal halide is present at a level in a range of between about 0.01 wt. % and about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the aqueous media.  
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 33  wherein the alkali metal halide is selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride and potassium chloride.  
     
     
         35 . The method of  claim 31  further comprising the step of recovering the guanidine compound.  
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 31 , wherein an additional inorganic or organic component is removed from aqueous media in addition to the neutral or ionic guanidine compound.  
     
     
         37 . The method of  claim 36 , wherein the additional component is sodium phenylphosphinate.  
     
     
         38 . The method of  claim 36 , wherein the additional component is chlorophthalic acid.

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