Method and apparatus for manufacturing trace performing parts with aspherical surfaces

Abstract

A method and apparatus for aspherical manufacturing are disclosed using trace performing. On a cone, a section whose trace corresponds to that of a required curve is defined by mathematical calculation, i.e. the parameters of the section is defined. The cone is installed to a position that provides with a trace intersection, the trace intersection couples with a grinding wheel, the cone links with the part, the part is rotated and swung about a swing axis with the cone, the trace intersection fixedly connects to the grinding wheel. Whereby the curve trace intersected on the cone is accurately transferred to the part during the performing. The present invention can be used in performing parts with convex/concave conic and high-order aspherical surfaces and has advantage in general utility, precision, efficiency and costs.

1 . A method for machining aspheric with locus shaping, comprising the machining of coarse grind, fine grind, and super-finishing grind (or polishing) to a convex or concave surfaces of quadratic and high-order aspheric; and characterized in that, the specific steps for machining conical aspherical optics parts comprising: 
 in a first step, according to the conic equation given by the design, deduce the section parameters of α, φ and L (see  FIG. 1 ) on a cone to decide the accurate locus, or the appropriate curve locus is decided by trial-machining;    in a second step, the locus is intercepted on a cone by a transversal intercept object, and the cone is fixed on apparatus for machining aspherical optics parts with locus shaping, so that the transversal intercept object is mounted, then the relative position between them is established in terms of the parameters deduced above;    in a third step, the part is swinging around a swing-axle with the cone while it is rotating, then the accurate locus curve intercepted on the cone is accurately transferred to the part during the machining and an aspherical surface is shaped, that is, the locus intercepted can be transferred accurately to the part during machining and conical aspherical optics parts are obtained; and convex or concave high-order aspherical optics part can be obtained as follows: an accurate plane outline template, with a high-order curve profile made by other methods, is used to replace the cone fixed on the apparatus, and that is, the high-order curve profile on the plane outline template can be transferred accurately to the part during machining, and high-order aspherical optics part will be obtained.    
   
   
       2 . The method of  claim 1 , characterized in that, a convex aspherical optics part is obtained when the contact points of the cone and locus-intercept-object axes are on the right of the swing-axle.  
   
   
       3 . The method of  claim 1 , characterized in that, a concave aspherical optics part is obtained when the contact points of the cone and locus-intercept-object axes are all on the left of the swing-axle, and the radius of the grinding-wheel must be less than the curvature radius of the part.  
   
   
       4 . The method of  claim 1 , characterized in that, when the position of the cone and the locus-intercept-object is decided, in order to remove the redundant area, the part is allowed to move towards the grinding-wheel. The contact point of the locus-intercept-object and cone mentioned here is aligned with the working face of the grinding-wheel to the same vertical line. 
 The method of  claim 1 , characterized in that, it can machine aspherical optics parts or mechanical parts of glass, porcelain, crystal or metal materials.    
   
   
       6 . The apparatus of  claim 1 , characterized in that, comprising (see  FIG. 2 ): a swing-table ( 1 ), thrust-block ( 2 ), thrust-parts ( 3 ), guidance-seating ( 6 ), part-fixing-shaft ( 7 ), backstop-seating ( 8 ), grinding-wheel ( 10 ), buttress-rack ( 11 ), locus-intercept-object ( 12 ), cone ( 13 ), lathe-bed ( 14 ), swing-axle ( 15 ), swing-axle-electromotor ( 16 ) and part-axle-box ( 17 ), and The grinding-wheel ( 10 ) sits on the buttress-rack ( 11 ), the locus-intercept-object ( 12 ), which can be moved forward and backward, up and down, sits on the buttress-rack ( 11 ), The cone ( 13 ), the angle of which can be adjusted, sits on the backstop-seating ( 8 ), The backstop-seating ( 8 ) sits on the guidance-seating ( 6 ), which can be slid along the guidance lay in the bottom of the part-axle-box ( 17 ), the part-axle-box ( 17 ) can be slid lengthways on the swing-table ( 1 ), the swing-axle-electromotor ( 16 ) drives the swing-table ( 1 ) to swing around the swing-axle ( 15 ), part ( 9 ) sits on the front part of the part-fixing-shaft ( 7 ), together with the cone ( 13 ), it swings around the swing-axle ( 15 ) along with the swing-table ( 1 ) in the range protracted by the half-apex-angle of the part, the thrust-block ( 2 ) is fixed onto the swing-table ( 1 ), the thrust-parts ( 3 ) are set between the thrust-block ( 2 ) and the part-axle-box ( 17 ) to keep the cone ( 13 ) and the locus-intercept-object ( 12 ) in constant contact.  
   
   
       7 . The apparatus of  claim 6 , characterized in that, the grinding-wheel ( 10 ) can be a disk shape one or a cylinder shape one, and when convex aspherical parts are machined, the disk grinding-wheel can be made up of one, two or three disks.  
   
   
       8 . The apparatus of  claim 6 , characterized in that, the axes of the part-fixing-shaft ( 7 ), the cone ( 13 ), and the swing-axle ( 15 ) are required to be co-planar in the vertical plane. The axes of the part-fixing-shaft ( 7 ) and the grinding-wheel ( 10 ) are required to be co-planar in horizontal plane.  
   
   
       9 . The apparatus in  claim 6 , characterized in that, if the grinding-wheel ( 10 ), on the swing-table ( 1 ), swings while it is rotating, And part ( 9 ) only rotates when it is set on the buttress-rack ( 11 ), and the positions of the cone ( 13 ) and the locus-intercept-object ( 12 ) are exchanged, then the machining purpose of this invention can also be achieved.  
   
   
       10 . The apparatus in  claim 6 , characterized in that, if a convex or concave plane outline template with high-order curve profile is substituted for the cone ( 13 ), then a convex or concave high-order aspherical part can be machined.