Cardiac support device

Abstract

A highly compliant and elastic cardiac support device is provided. The device is constructed from a biocompatible material is applied to an external surface of a heart. The device can be used to resist dilatation of the heart, to provide acute wall support, or to enhance reduction in the size of the heart using stored potential energy, without interfering with systolic contraction.

1 - 57 . (canceled)  
     
     
         58 . A device for treating diseases of a heart, the device comprising: 
 a biocompatible material configured to cover an external surface of the heart;    the material having a compliance reflecting an ability to deform under strain to a stretched state, and an elasticity reflecting a tendency to return to a rest state from the stretched state;    the material having a rest size at the rest state and a stretched size at the stretched state, the stretched size being at least 20% greater than the rest size;    the elasticity and compliance being selected to store energy in the material to assist chronic remodeling of the heart and avoid significant acute resistance to diastolic filling of the heart.    
     
     
         59 . The device according to  claim 58 , wherein the rest size defines a rest volume and the stretched size defines a stretched volume.  
     
     
         60 . The device according to  claim 59 , wherein the material is configured as a jacket having an upper and a lower end, the upper end defining an opening for receiving the heart.  
     
     
         61 . The device according to  claim 60 , wherein the material is closed at the lower end.  
     
     
         62 . The device according to  claim 60 , wherein the material is open at the lower end.  
     
     
         63 . The device according to  claim 59 , wherein the compliance allows at least a 3% increase in volume for every 1 mm Hg change in applied pressure.  
     
     
         64 . The device according to  claim 58 , wherein the rest size defines a rest surface area and the stretched size defines a stretched surface area.  
     
     
         65 . The device according to  claim 64 , wherein the material is configured as a patch.  
     
     
         66 . The device according to  claim 58 , wherein the compliance is greater than a compliance of a normal myocardium, the compliance being the inverse of stiffness, and wherein the biocompatible material conforms to the external surface of the heart and is sized to provide resistance to circumferential expansion of the heart without impeding systolic contraction.  
     
     
         67 . The device according to  claim 66 , wherein the material has a stiffness of less than about 3.8 lbs/in when subjected to a uniaxial load at a strain of less than 30%.  
     
     
         68 . The device according to  claim 58 , wherein the compliance is greater than a compliance of a normal latissimus dorsi, the compliance being the inverse of stiffness, and wherein the biocompatible material conforms to an external surface of the heart and is sized to provide resistance to circumferential expansion of the heart without impeding systolic contraction.  
     
     
         69 . The device according to  claim 58 , wherein the biocompatible material has a stiffness of less than 0.5 lbs/in when subjected to a uniaxial load at a strain of less than 30%.  
     
     
         70 . The device according to  claim 58 , wherein the material is sized to be smaller than the external surface of the heart to which it is applied, wherein the material is configured to exert a pressure on the external surface of the heart that is no greater than an end diastolic pressure of a right ventricle of the heart.  
     
     
         71 . The device according to  claim 58 , wherein the material is sized to be larger than the external surface of the heart to which it is applied, and is adapted to be sized by adjustment during implantation.  
     
     
         72 . The device according to  claim 58 , wherein the material is capable of an elastic recovery of at least about 50%.  
     
     
         73 . The device according to  claim 58 , wherein the material is configured to apply a pressure to the external surface of the heart at end diastole of less than 10 mm Hg.  
     
     
         74 . A method for treating diseases of a heart, the method comprising: 
 surgically accessing the heart; and    applying a cardiac support device to an external surface of the heart, the cardiac support device including:    a biocompatible material having a compliance reflecting an ability to deform under strain to a stretched state, and an elasticity reflecting a tendency to return to a rest state from the stretched state;    the material having a rest size at the rest state and a stretched size at the stretched state, the stretch size being at least 20% greater than the rest size;    the elasticity and compliance being selected to store energy in the material to assist chronic remodeling of the heart and to avoid significant acute resistance to diastolic filling of the heart.    
     
     
         75 . The method according to  claim 74 , wherein the remodeling includes reducing a volume of the heart.  
     
     
         76 . The method according to  claim 74 , wherein the remodeling includes altering a shape of the heart.  
     
     
         77 . The method according to  claim 74 , wherein the rest size defines a rest volume and the stretched size defines a stretched volume.  
     
     
         78 . A device for treating diseases of a heart, the device comprising: 
 a biocompatible material dimensioned to correspond to the heart;    the material having a compliance reflecting an ability to deform to a stretched state within a range of stretched states defined by the compliance of the material;    the compliance of the material being higher than a compliance of the heart, the device expanding to not over restrain the heart;    the material having an elasticity reflecting a tendency to return to a rest state from the stretched state, the elasticity and compliance being selected to store energy in the material to assist chronic remodeling of the heart and avoid significant acute resistance to diastolic filling of the heart.    
     
     
         79 . The device according to  claim 78 , wherein the biocompatible material conforms to an external surface of the heart and is dimensioned to provide resistance to circumferential expansion of the heart without impeding systolic contraction.  
     
     
         80 . The device according to  claim 79 , wherein the material is sized to be smaller than the external surface of the heart to which it is applied, wherein the material is configured to exert a pressure on the external surface of the heart that is no greater than an end diastolic pressure of the heart.  
     
     
         81 . The device according to  claim 79 , wherein the material is sized to be larger than the external surface of the heart to which it is applied, and is adapted to be sized by adjustment during implantation.  
     
     
         82 . The device according to  claim 78 , wherein the compliance of the material is greater than a compliance of a normal myocardium, the compliance being the inverse of stiffness.  
     
     
         83 . The device according to  claim 78 , wherein the compliance of the material is greater than a compliance of a normal latissimus dorsi, the compliance being the inverse of stiffness.