Hydrocarbyl dispersants and compositions containing the dispersants

Abstract

A dispersant for use as a lubricant additive, a lubricant composition and a method for improving engine performance. The dispersant includes at least one member selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides, hydrocarbyl-substituted amines, and Mannich base adducts derived from hydrocarbyl-substituted phenols condensed with aldehydes and amines. The hydrocarbyl substituent is composed of a polymerization product of a raffinate I stream and isobutylene having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 500 to about 3000 as determined by gel permeation chromatography and more than about 70 mol percent of the polymerization product having a terminal vinylidene group.

1 . A dispersant for use as a lubricant additive, comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides, hydrocarbyl-substituted amines, and Mannich base adducts derived from hydrocarbyl-substituted phenols condensed with aldehydes and amines, wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent is comprised of a polymerization product of a raffinate I stream and isobutylene having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 500 to about 3000 as determined by gel permeation chromatography and more than about 70 mol percent of the polymerization product having a terminal vinylidene group.  
     
     
         2 . The dispersant of  claim 1 , wherein the polymerization product is derived from a reaction mixture including from about 35 to about 45 weight percent isobutylene and from about 55 to about 65 weight percent raffinate I stream.  
     
     
         3 . The dispersant of  claim 1  comprising a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide derived from the polymerization product and succinic acid having a ratio of polymerization product to succinic acid ranging from about 1.0:1.0 to about 1.0:1.6.  
     
     
         4 . The dispersant of  claim 1  comprising a Mannich adduct derived from hydrocarbyl-substituted phenols, formaldehydes and polyethylene polyamines.  
     
     
         5 . The dispersant of  claim 1  further comprising a nitrogen containing viscosity index improver selected from the group consisting of N-vinyl imidazole, 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, N-allyl imidazole, allyl amines, 1-vinyl pyrrolidone, 2-vinyl pyridine, 4-vinyl pyridine, N-methyl-N-vinyl acetamide, diallyl formamide, N-methyl-N-allyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-allyl formamide, N-cyclohexyl-N-allyl formamide, 4-methyl-5-vinyl thiazole, N-allyl di-iso-octyl phenothiazine, 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, 3-methyl-1-vinylpyrazole, N-vinyl purine, N-vinyl piperazines, N-vinyl succinimide, vinylpiperidines, vinylmorpholines, N-arylphenylenediamines, and mixtures thereof.  
     
     
         6 . The dispersant of  claim 5  wherein the nitrogen containing viscosity index improver comprises a reaction product of a maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-propylene copolymer and an N-arylphenylenediamine, wherein the reaction product has a number average molecular weight ranging from about 5,000 to about 50,000.  
     
     
         7 . The dispersant of  claim 5  further comprising a non-dispersant viscosity index improver selected from the group consisting of olefin copolymers, polyalkylmethacrylates, and styrene-maleic esters.  
     
     
         8 . The dispersant of  claim 5  wherein the polymerization product has a number average molecular weight ranging from about 500 to about 1200 as determined by gel permeation chromatography.  
     
     
         9 . The dispersant of  claim 1  further comprising a non-dispersant viscosity index improver selected from the group consisting of olefin copolymers, polyalkylmethacrylates, and styrene-maleic esters.  
     
     
         10 . The dispersant of  claim 9  wherein the polymerization product has a number average molecular weight ranging from about 500 to about 1200 as determined by gel permeation chromatography.  
     
     
         11 . A lubricant composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and from about 0.1 to 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, of the dispersant of  claim 5 .  
     
     
         12 . A vehicle having moving parts and containing a lubricant for lubricating the moving parts, the lubricant comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and from about 0.1 to 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, of the dispersant of  claim 1 .  
     
     
         13 . A lubricant additive comprising a first dispersant and a second dispersant selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides, hydrocarbyl-substituted amines, and Mannich base adducts derived from hydrocarbyl-substituted phenols condensed with aldehydes and amines, wherein the first dispersant is the dispersant of  claim 1 .  
     
     
         14 . The lubricant additive of  claim 13  further comprising a nitrogen containing viscosity index improver selected from the group consisting of N-vinyl imidazole, 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, N-allyl imidazole, allyl amines, 1-vinyl pyrrolidone, 2-vinyl pyridine, 4-vinyl pyridine, N-methyl-N-vinyl acetamide, diallyl formamide, N-methyl-N-allyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-allyl formamide, N-cyclohexyl-N-allyl formamide, 4-methyl-5-vinyl thiazole, N-allyl di-iso-octyl phenothiazine, 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, 3-methyl-1-vinylpyrazole, N-vinyl purine, N-vinyl piperazines, N-vinyl succinimide, vinylpiperidines, vinylmorpholines, N-arylphenylenediamines, and mixtures thereof.  
     
     
         15 . The lubricant additive of  claim 14  wherein the nitrogen containing viscosity index improver comprises a reaction product of a maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-propylene copolymer and an N-arylphenylenediamine, wherein the reaction product has a number average molecular weight ranging from about 5,000 to about 50,000.  
     
     
         16 . The lubricant additive of  claim 14  further comprising a non-dispersant viscosity index improver selected from the group consisting of olefin copolymers, polyalkylmethacrylates, and styrene-maleic esters.  
     
     
         17 . The lubricant additive of  claim 13  further comprising a non-dispersant viscosity index improver selected from the group consisting of olefin copolymers, polyalkylmethacrylates, and styrene-maleic esters.  
     
     
         18 . A lubricant composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and from about 0.1 to 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, of the lubricant additive of  claim 13 .  
     
     
         19 . A lubricant additive comprising: 
 a first dispersant including at least one member selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides, hydrocarbyl-substituted amines, and Mannich base adducts derived from hydrocarbyl-substituted phenols condensed with aldehydes and amines; and    a second dispersant including a member selected from the group hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides, hydrocarbyl-substituted amines, and Mannich base adducts derived from hydrocarbyl-substituted phenols condensed with aldehydes and amines,    wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent of the first dispersant has a number average molecular weight ranging from about 1500 to about 2500 as determined by gel permeation chromatography and wherein the second dispersant has a number average molecular weight ranging from about 500 to about 1200 as determined by gel permeation chromatography.    
     
     
         20 . The lubricant additive of  claim 19  further comprising a nitrogen containing viscosity index improver selected from the group consisting of N-vinyl imidazole, 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, N-allyl imidazole, allyl amines, 1-vinyl pyrrolidone, 2-vinyl pyridine, 4-vinyl pyridine, N-methyl-N-vinyl acetamide, diallyl formamide, N-methyl-N-allyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-allyl formamide, N-cyclohexyl-N-allyl formamide, 4-methyl-5-vinyl thiazole, N-allyl di-iso-octyl phenothiazine, 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, 3-methyl-1-vinylpyrazole, N-vinyl purine, N-vinyl piperazines, N-vinyl succinimide, vinylpiperidines, vinylmorpholines, N-arylphenylenediamines, and mixtures thereof.  
     
     
         21 . The lubricant additive of  claim 20  wherein the nitrogen containing viscosity index improver comprises a reaction product of a maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-propylene copolymer and an N-arylphenylenediamine, wherein the reaction product has a number average molecular weight ranging from about 5,000 to about 50,000.  
     
     
         22 . The lubricant additive of  claim 20  further comprising a non-dispersant viscosity index improver selected from the group consisting of olefin copolymers, polyalkylmethacrylates, and styrene-maleic esters.  
     
     
         23 . The lubricant additive of  claim 19  further comprising a non-dispersant viscosity index improver selected from the group consisting of olefin copolymers, polyalkylmethacrylates, and styrene-maleic esters.  
     
     
         24 . The lubricant additive of  claim 19 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent of at least one of the first and second dispersants comprises a polymerization product derived from a reaction mixture including from about 35 to about 45 weight percent isobutylene and from about 55 to about 65 weight percent raffinate I stream.  
     
     
         25 . The lubricant additive of  claim 19 , wherein at least one of the first and second dispersants comprises a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid derivative.  
     
     
         26 . The lubricant additive of  claim 25 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent comprises a polymerization product derived from a reaction mixture including from about 35 to about 45 weight percent isobutylene and from about 55 to about 65 weight percent raffinate I stream.  
     
     
         27 . The lubricant additive of  claim 25 , wherein the first dispersant is a post treated dispersant.  
     
     
         28 . The lubricant additive of  claim 19 , wherein at least one of the first and second dispersants comprises a Mannich base adduct derived from a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol condensed with an aldehyde and an amine.  
     
     
         29 . The lubricant additive of  claim 28 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent comprises a polymerization product derived from a reaction mixture including from about 35 to about 45 weight percent isobutylene and from about 55 to about 65 weight percent raffinate I stream.  
     
     
         30 . A lubricant composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and from about 0.1 to 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition, of the lubricant additive of  claim 19 .  
     
     
         31 . The lubricant additive of  claim 19  containing from about 30 to about 70 percent by weight of the first dispersant and from about 70 to about 30 percent by weight of the second dispersant.  
     
     
         32 . A method of lubricating moving parts of a vehicle, the method comprising using as a lubricating oil for one or more moving parts of the vehicle a lubricant composition containing a lubricant and a lubricant additive, the lubricant additive including: 
 a first dispersant including at least one member selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides, hydrocarbyl-substituted amines, and Mannich base adducts derived from hydrocarbyl-substituted phenols condensed with aldehydes and amines; and    a second dispersant including a member selected from the group hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides, hydrocarbyl-substituted amines, and Mannich base adducts derived from hydrocarbyl-substituted phenols condensed with aldehydes and amines,    wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent of the first dispersant has a number average molecular weight ranging from about 1500 to about 2500 as determined by gel permeation chromatography and wherein the second dispersant has a number average molecular weight ranging from about 500 to about 1200 as determined by gel permeation chromatography, and wherein the lubricant additive is present in the lubricant composition in an amount sufficient to lubricate the one or more moving parts of the vehicle.    
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 32  wherein the vehicle includes an internal combustion engine having a crankcase and wherein the lubricant composition comprises a crankcase oil present in the crankcase of the vehicle.  
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 32  wherein the lubricant composition comprises an drive train lubricant present in an automotive drive train of the vehicle.  
     
     
         35 . The method of  claim 32  wherein the lubricant additive includes a nitrogen containing viscosity index improver selected from the group consisting of N-vinyl imidazole, 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, N-allyl imidazole, allyl amines, 1-vinyl pyrrolidone, 2-vinyl pyridine, 4-vinyl pyridine, N-methyl-N-vinyl acetamide, diallyl formamide, N-methyl-N-allyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-allyl formamide, N-cyclohexyl-N-allyl formamide, 4-methyl-5-vinyl thiazole, N-allyl di-iso-octyl phenothiazine, 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, 3-methyl-1-vinylpyrazole, N-vinyl purine, N-vinyl piperazines, N-vinyl succinimide, vinylpiperidines, vinylmorpholines, N-arylphenylenediamines, and mixtures thereof.  
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 35  wherein the nitrogen containing viscosity index improver comprises a reaction product of a maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-propylene copolymer and an N-arylphenylenediamine, wherein the reaction product has a number average molecular weight ranging from about 5,000 to about 50,000.  
     
     
         37 . The method of  claim 35  further comprising a non-dispersant viscosity index improver selected from the group consisting of olefin copolymers, polyalkylmethacrylates, and styrene-maleic esters.  
     
     
         38 . The method of  claim 32  further comprising a non-dispersant viscosity index improver selected from the group consisting of olefin copolymers, polyalkylmethacrylates, and styrene-maleic esters.  
     
     
         39 . The method of  claim 32 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent of at least one of the first and second dispersants comprises a polymerization product derived from a reaction mixture including from about 35 to about 45 weight percent isobutylene and from about 55 to about 65 weight percent raffinate I stream.  
     
     
         40 . The method of  claim 32 , wherein at least one of the first and second dispersants comprises a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid derivative.  
     
     
         41 . The method of  claim 40 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent comprises a polymerization product derived from a reaction mixture including from about 35 to about 45 weight percent isobutylene and from about 55 to about 65 weight percent raffinate I stream.  
     
     
         42 . The method of  claim 40 , wherein the first dispersant is a post treated dispersant.  
     
     
         43 . The method of  claim 32 , wherein at least one of the first and second dispersants comprises a Mannich base adduct derived from a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol condensed with an aldehyde and an amine.  
     
     
         44 . The method of  claim 43 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent comprises a polymerization product derived from a reaction mixture including from about 35 to about 45 weight percent isobutylene and from about 55 to about 65 weight percent raffinate I stream.  
     
     
         45 . A method for lubricating moving parts comprising contacting the moving parts with a lubricant composition containing a lubricant additive, the lubricant additive comprising: 
 a first dispersant including at least one member selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides, hydrocarbyl-substituted amines, and Mannich base adducts derived from hydrocarbyl-substituted phenols condensed with aldehydes and amines; and    a second dispersant including a member selected from the group hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides, hydrocarbyl-substituted amines, and Mannich base adducts derived from hydrocarbyl-substituted phenols condensed with aldehydes and amines,    wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent of the first dispersant has a number average molecular weight ranging from about 1500 to about 2500 as determined by gel permeation chromatography and wherein the second dispersant has a number average molecular weight ranging from about 500 to about 1200 as determined by gel permeation chromatography, and wherein the lubricant additive is present in the lubricant composition in an amount sufficient to enhance the dispersability of particles in the lubricant composition.    
     
     
         46 . The method of  claim 45  wherein the lubricant composition includes a nitrogen containing viscosity index improver selected from the group consisting of N-vinyl imidazole, 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, N-allyl imidazole, allyl amines, 1-vinyl pyrrolidone, 2-vinyl pyridine, 4-vinyl pyridine, N-methyl-N-vinyl acetamide, diallyl formamide, N-methyl-N-allyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-allyl formamide, N-cyclohexyl-N-allyl formamide, 4-methyl-5-vinyl thiazole, N-allyl di-iso-octyl phenothiazine, 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, 3-methyl-1-vinylpyrazole, N-vinyl purine, N-vinyl piperazines, N-vinyl succinimide, vinylpiperidines, vinylmorpholines, N-arylphenylenediamines, and mixtures thereof.  
     
     
         47 . The method of  claim 46  wherein the nitrogen containing viscosity index improver comprises a reaction product of a maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-propylene copolymer and an N-arylphenylenediamine, wherein the reaction product has a number average molecular weight ranging from about 5,000 to about 50,000.  
     
     
         48 . The method of  claim 55 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent of at least one of the first and second dispersants comprises a polymerization product derived from a reaction mixture including from about 35 to about 45 weight percent isobutylene and from about 55 to about 65 weight percent raffinate I stream.  
     
     
         49 . The method of  claim 45 , wherein at least one of the first and second dispersants comprises a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid derivative.  
     
     
         50 . The method of  claim 49 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent comprises a polymerization product derived from a reaction mixture including from about 35 to about 45 weight percent isobutylene and from about 55 to about 65 weight percent raffinate I stream.  
     
     
         51 . The method of  claim 49 , wherein the first dispersant is a post treated dispersant.  
     
     
         52 . The method of  claim 45 , wherein at least one of the first and second dispersants comprises a Mannich base adduct derived from a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol condensed with an aldehyde and an amine.  
     
     
         53 . The method of  claim 52 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent comprises a polymerization product derived from a reaction mixture including from about 35 to about 45 weight percent isobutylene and from about 55 to about 65 weight percent raffinate I stream.  
     
     
         54 . A method for lubricating moving parts of a vehicle, the method comprising using as a lubricating oil for one or more moving parts of the vehicle a lubricant composition containing a lubricant and a dispersant additive in an effective amount, the dispersant comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides, hydrocarbyl-substituted amines, and Mannich base adducts derived from hydrocarbyl-substituted phenols condensed with aldehydes and amines, wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent is comprised of a polymerization product of a raffinate I stream and isobutylene having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 500 to about 3000 as determined by gel permeation chromatography and more than about 70 mol percent of the polymerization product having a terminal vinylidene group.  
     
     
         55 . The method of  claim 54 , wherein the polymerization product is derived from a reaction mixture including from about 35 to about 45 weight percent isobutylene and from about 55 to about 65 weight percent raffinate I stream.  
     
     
         56 . The method of  claim 54  wherein the dispersant comprises a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide derived from the polymerization product and succinic acid having a ratio of polymerization product to succinic acid ranging from about 1.0:1.0 to about 1.0:1.6.  
     
     
         57 . The method of  claim 54  wherein the dispersant comprises a Mannich adduct derived from hydrocarbyl-substituted phenols, formaldehydes and polyethylene polyamines.  
     
     
         58 . The method of  claim 54  wherein the dispersant includes a nitrogen containing viscosity index improver selected from the group consisting of N-vinyl imidazole, 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, N-allyl imidazole, allyl amines, 1-vinyl pyrrolidone, 2-vinyl pyridine, 4-vinyl pyridine, N-methyl-N-vinyl acetamide, diallyl formamide, N-methyl-N-allyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-allyl formamide, N-cyclohexyl-N-allyl formamide, 4-methyl-5-vinyl thiazole, N-allyl di-iso-octyl phenothiazine, 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, 3-methyl-1-vinylpyrazole, N-vinyl purine, N-vinyl piperazines, N-vinyl succinimide, vinylpiperidines, vinylmorpholines, N-arylphenylenediamines, and mixtures thereof.