Treatment of mainstream smoke constituents by use of oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst

Abstract

The use of a treatment composition for a cigarette to reduce at least one constituent of mainstream smoke from a burning cigarette, the treatment composition comprising, in combination, an oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst and an essentially non-combustible finely divided porous particulate adjunct.

1 . A method for reducing at least one constituent from a group of carbonyls and at least one constituent from a group of phenols of mainstream smoke emitted from a burning cigarette comprising a step of using a treatment composition for a cigarette paper/wrapper, wherein the treatment composition comprises, in combination, an oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst and an essentially non-combustible finely divided porous particulate adjunct.  
   
   
       2 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein said at least one constituent from the group of carbonyls is selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, acrolein, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone and said at least one constituent from a group of phenols is selected from the group consisting of catechol, phenol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, o-cresol, and m+p-cresol.  
   
   
       3 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the treatment composition also reduces at least one other Hoffman analyte constituent selected from the group consisting of 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, acrylonitrile, o-toluidine, benzene, and ammonia.  
   
   
       4 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the cigarette wrapper/paper is a combustible cigarette wrapper/paper or a non-combustible cigarette wrapper/paper.  
   
   
       5 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the cigarette paper/wrapper comprises an amount of treatment composition which is capable of reducing sidestream smoke of the burning cigarette or comprises an amount of treatment composition which is capable of producing visible sidestream smoke of the burning cigarette while reducing said constituents of mainstream smoke.  
   
   
       6 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the treatment composition further comprises a metal or metal oxide oxidation catalyst, the metal or metal oxide oxidation catalyst being selected from the group consisting of precious metals, oxides of transition metals, oxides of rare earth metals, metals from groups IIA and IVA and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       7 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the treatment composition further comprises a precious metal.  
   
   
       8 . The method according to  claim 7 , wherein the precious metal is selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, and rhodium.  
   
   
       9 . The method according to  claim 7 , wherein the precious metal is palladium.  
   
   
       10 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the adjunct has an average particle size of less than about 30 μm.  
   
   
       11 . The method according to  claim 10 , wherein the adjunct is a high surface area porous material with a surface area in excess of about 20 m 2 /g and an average particle size greater than about 1 μm.  
   
   
       12 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the adjunct is selected from the group consisting of clays, essentially non-combustible milled fibres, monolithic mineral based materials, essentially non-combustible activated carbon, zeolites and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       13 . The method according to  claim 12 , wherein the non-combustible milled fibres are selected from the group consisting of zirconium fibres, ceramic fibres, carbon fibres and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       14 . The method according to  claim 12 , wherein the monolithic mineral based materials are selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxides, titanium oxides and cerium oxides and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       15 . The method according to  claim 12 , wherein the zeolites are represented by the formula  
       M m M′ n M″ p [aAlO 2 ·b SiO 2 ·cTO 2 ] 
     wherein 
 M is a monovalent cation,  
 M′ is a divalent cation,  
 M″ is a trivalent cation,  
 a, b, c, n, m, and p are numbers which reflect the stoichiometric proportions,  
 c, m, n or p can also be zero,  
 Al and Si are tetrahedrally coordinated Al and Si atoms, and  
 T is a tetrahedrally coordinated metal atom being able to replace Al or Si,  
 wherein the ratio of b/a of the zeolite or the zeolite-like material, has a value of about 5 to about 300 and the micropore size of the zeolite is within the range of about 0.5 to 1.3 nm (5 to 13 Å).  
 
   
   
       16 . The method according to  claim 12 , wherein the zeolite is selected from the group consisting of silicalites, faujasites, X, Y and L zeolites, beta-zeolites, Mordenite zeolites, ZSM zeolites and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       17 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has an average particle size of less than about 30 μm.  
   
   
       18 . (Original) The method according to  claim 17 , wherein the catalyst has an average particle size of less than about 1 μm.  
   
   
       19 . The method according to  claim 18 , wherein the catalyst has an average particle size from about 5 nm to about 500 nm.  
   
   
       20 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of transition metal oxides, rare earth metal oxides and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       21 . The method according to  claim 20 , wherein the transition metal oxides are selected from the group consisting of oxides of group VB, VIB, VIIB, VIII, IB metals and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       22 . The method according to  claim 20 , wherein the catalyst is a mixture of at least one transition metal oxide and at least one rare earth metal oxide, wherein the transition metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of oxides of group IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIII, IB metals and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       23 . The method according to  claim 20 , wherein the rare earth metal oxides are selected from the group consisting of oxides of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, lanthanide metals and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       24 . The method according to  claim 23 , wherein the lanthanide metal oxide is cerium oxide.  
   
   
       25 . The method according to  claim 24 , wherein the cerium oxide is admixed with zeolite as the adjunct.  
   
   
       26 . The method according to  claim 24 , wherein the cerium oxide is provided as a layer adjacent to a layer of zeolite.  
   
   
       27 . The method according to  claim 24 , wherein the cerium oxide particles are fixed to surfaces of zeolite particles.  
   
   
       28 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the relative amounts of the catalyst fixed to the adjunct ranges from about 20 to 70% by weight based on the total equivalent catalyst and adjunct content.  
   
   
       29 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein a first amount of cerium oxide in the treatment composition is the particulate adjunct and a second amount of cerium oxide in the treatment composition is the oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst.  
   
   
       30 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the treatment composition is at least one of a coating on the cigarette paper/wrapper, impregnated into the cigarette paper/wrapper, and incorporated in the cigarette paper/wrapper.  
   
   
       31 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the cigarette comprises a conventional cigarette paper surrounding a tobacco rod and the cigarette wrapper/paper surrounding and being substantially in contact with the conventional cigarette paper.  
   
   
       32 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the cigarette paper/wrapper is double wrapped on a tobacco rod.  
   
   
       33 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the cigarette paper/wrapper comprises from about 10% to about 500% by weight of the treatment composition.  
   
   
       34 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the cigarette paper/wrapper further comprises a metal oxide or carbonate for modifying ash characteristics.  
   
   
       35 . A method for manufacturing a cigarette paper/wrapper for reducing at least one constituent from a group of carbonyls and at least one constituent from a group of phenols of mainstream smoke emitted from a burning cigarette, the method comprising a step of using a treatment composition in the manufacture of the cigarette paper/wrapper, the treatment composition comprising, in combination, an oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst and an essentially non-combustible finely divided porous particulate adjunct.  
   
   
       36 . The method according to  claim 35 , wherein said at least one constituent from the group of carbonyls is selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, acrolein, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone and said at least one constituent from a group of phenols is selected from the group consisting of catechol, phenol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, o-cresol, and m+p-cresol.  
   
   
       37 . The method according to  claim 35 , wherein the treatment composition also reduces at least one other Hoffman analyte constituent selected from the group consisting of 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, acrylonitrile, o-toluidine, benzene, and ammonia.  
   
   
       38 . The method of  claim 35 , wherein the treatment composition is a furnish composition or a slurry composition.  
   
   
       39 . The method according to  claim 35 , wherein the treatment composition further comprises a precious metal.  
   
   
       40 . The method according to  claim 39 , wherein the precious metal is selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, and rhodium.  
   
   
       41 . The method according to  claim 35 , wherein the adjunct is selected from the group consisting of clays, essentially non-combustible milled fibres, monolithic mineral based materials, essentially non-combustible activated carbon, zeolites and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       42 . The method according to  claim 41 , wherein the zeolite is selected from the group consisting of silicalite zeolites, faujasites, X, Y and L zeolites, beta-zeolites, Mordenite zeolites, ZSM zeolites and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       43 . The method according to  claim 41 , wherein the catalyst has an average particle size of less than about 30 μm.  
   
   
       44 . The method according to  claim 43 , wherein the catalyst has an average particle size of less than about 1 μm.  
   
   
       45 . The method according to  claim 43 , wherein the catalyst has an average particle size from about 5 nm to about 500 nm.  
   
   
       46 . The method according to  claim 35 , wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of transition metal oxides, rare earth metal oxides and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       47 . The method according to  claim 46 , wherein the transition metal oxides are selected from the group consisting of oxides of group VB, VIB, VIIB, VIII, IB metals and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       48 . The method according to  claim 46 , wherein the lanthanide metal oxide is cerium oxide.  
   
   
       49 . The method according to  claim 48 , wherein the cerium oxide is admixed with zeolite as the adjunct.  
   
   
       50 . The method according to  claim 48 , wherein the cerium oxide is provided as a layer adjacent to a layer of zeolite.  
   
   
       51 . The method according to  claim 48 , wherein the cerium oxide particles are fixed to surfaces of zeolite particles.  
   
   
       52 . The method according to  claim 35 , wherein the treatment composition is at least one of a coating on the cigarette paper/wrapper, impregnated into the cigarette paper/wrapper, and incorporated in the cigarette paper/wrapper.  
   
   
       53 . The method according to  claim 35 , wherein the treatment composition is incorporated with the cigarette paper/wrapper from about 10% to about 500% by weight.  
   
   
       54 . The method according to  claim 35 , wherein the cigarette wrapper/paper further comprises a metal oxide or carbonate for modifying ash characteristics.  
   
   
       55 . A method for reducing at least one constituent from a group of carbonyls and at least one constituent from a group of phenols of mainstream smoke emitted from a burning cigarette, comprising treating mainstream smoke with a treatment composition for a cigarette paper/wrapper, the treatment composition comprising, in combination, an oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst and an essentially non-combustible finely divided porous particulate adjunct.  
   
   
       56 . A method for reducing at least one constituent of mainstream smoke emitted from a burning cigarette, the method comprising a step of using a treatment composition for cigarette tobacco and/or a cigarette filter, the treatment composition comprising, in combination, an oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst, an essentially non-combustible finely divided porous particulate adjunct, and a precious metal.  
   
   
       57 . The method according to  claim 56 , wherein the precious metal is selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium.  
   
   
       58 . The method according to  claim 57 , wherein the precious metal is palladium.  
   
   
       59 . The method according to  claim 56 , wherein the cigarette tobacco is in the form of a cigarette tobacco rod, the treatment composition being a coating on the tobacco rod.  
   
   
       60 . The method according to  claim 56 , wherein the treatment composition is at least one of a coating on the cigarette tobacco, impregnated into the cigarette tobacco, and incorporated in the cigarette tobacco.  
   
   
       61 . The method according to  claim 56 , wherein the treatment composition further comprises a metal or metal oxide oxidation catalyst, the metal or metal oxide oxidation catalyst being selected from the group consisting of oxides of transition metals, oxides of rare earth metals, metals from groups IIA and IVA and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       62 . The method according to  claim 56 , wherein the adjunct has an average particle size of less than about 30 μm.  
   
   
       63 . The method according to  claim 62 , wherein the adjunct is a high surface area porous material with a surface area in excess of about 20 m 2 /g and an average particle size greater than about 1 μm.  
   
   
       64 . The method according to  claim 56 , wherein the adjunct is selected from the group consisting of clays, essentially non-combustible milled fibres, monolithic mineral based materials, essentially non-combustible activated carbon, zeolites and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       65 . The method according to  claim 64 , wherein the non-combustible milled fibres are selected from the group consisting of zirconium fibres, ceramic fibres, carbon fibres and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       66 . The method according to  claim 64 , wherein the monolithic mineral based materials are selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxides, titanium oxides and cerium oxides and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       67 . The method according to  claim 64 , wherein the zeolites are represented by the formula  
       M m  M′ n M″ p [aAlO 2 ·b SiO 2 ·cTO 2 ] 
     wherein 
 M is a monovalent cation,  
 M′ is a divalent cation,  
 M″ is a trivalent cation,  
 a, b, c, n, m, and p are numbers which reflect the stoichiometric proportions,  
 c, m, n or p can also be zero,  
 Al and Si are tetrahedrally coordinated Al and Si atoms, and  
 T is a tetrahedrally coordinated metal atom being able to replace Al or Si,  
 wherein the ratio of b/a of the zeolite or the zeolite-like material, has a value of about 5 to about 300 and the micropore size of the zeolite is within the range of about 0.5 to 1.3 nm (5 to 13 Å).  
 
   
   
       68 . The method according to  claim 64 , wherein the zeolite is selected from the group consisting of silicalite zeolites, faujasites, X, Y and L zeolites, beta-zeolites, Mordenite zeolites, ZSM zeolites and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       69 . The method according to  claim 56 , wherein the catalyst has an average particle size of less than about 30 μm.  
   
   
       70 . The method according to  claim 69 , wherein the catalyst has an average particle size of less than about 1 μm.  
   
   
       71 . The method according to  claim 69 , wherein the catalyst has an average particle size from about 5 nm to about 500 nm.  
   
   
       72 . The method according to  claim 56 , wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of transition metal oxides, rare earth metal oxides and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       73 . The method according to  claim 72 , wherein the transition metal oxides are selected from the group consisting of oxides of group VB, VIB, VIIB, VIII, IB metals and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       74 . The method according to  claim 72 , wherein the catalyst is a mixture of at least one transition metal oxide and at least one rare earth metal oxide, wherein the transition metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of oxides of group IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIII, IB metals and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       75 . The method according to  claim 72 , wherein the rare earth metal oxides are selected from the group consisting of oxides of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, lanthanide metals and mixtures thereof.  
   
   
       76 . The method according to  claim 75 , wherein the lanthanide metal oxide is cerium oxide.  
   
   
       77 . The method according to  claim 75 , wherein the cerium oxide is admixed with zeolite as the adjunct.  
   
   
       78 . The method according to  claim 75 , wherein the cerium oxide is provided as a layer adjacent to a layer of zeolite.  
   
   
       79 . The method according to  claim 75 , wherein the cerium oxide particles are fixed to surfaces of zeolite particles.  
   
   
       80 . The method according to  claim 56 , wherein the relative amounts of the catalyst fixed to the adjunct ranges from about 20 to 70% by weight based on the total equivalent catalyst and adjunct content.  
   
   
       81 . The method according to  claim 56 , wherein a first amount of cerium oxide in the treatment composition is the particulate adjunct and a second amount of cerium oxide in the treatment composition is the oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst.  
   
   
       82 . The method according to  claim 56 , wherein the tobacco comprises treatment composition from about 1% to about 15% by weight.  
   
   
       83 . The invention according to  claim 56 , wherein said at least one constituent of mainstream smoke is selected from the group consisting of carbonyls and phenols.  
   
   
       84 . The invention according to  claim 83 , wherein the carbonyls are selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, acrolein, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone and said at least one phenol constituent is selected from the group consisting of catechol, phenol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, o-cresol, and m+p-cresol.  
   
   
       85 . The invention according to  claim 84 , wherein the treatment composition also reduces at least one other Hoffman analyte constituent selected from the group consisting of 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, acrylonitrile, o-toluidine, benzene, and ammonia.  
   
   
       86 . A method for reducing at least one constituent of mainstream smoke emitted from a burning cigarette, comprising treating mainstream smoke with a treatment composition in cigarette tobacco and/or a cigarette filter, the treatment composition comprising, in combination, an oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst, an essentially non-combustible finely divided porous particulate adjunct, and a precious metal.