Environmental sensitive fluorogenic compounds and their application for singlet oxygen and protein detection

Abstract

The present invention provides fluorogenic probes and corresponding fluorescent compounds, methods of using the probes, compounds and kits that include the probes.

1 . A compound having a formula:  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein; 
 R 2  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;  
 R 3  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;  
 R 4  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;  
 R 5  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;  
 R 6  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;  
 R 7  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety; or  
 a member selected from  
 R 6  in combination with R 7 ;  
 R 7  in combination with R 10 ;  
 R 10  in combination with R 2 ;  
 R 3  in combination with R 11 ;  
 R 11  in combination with R 4 ; or  
 R 4  in combination with R 5  
 together with the atoms to which they are joined, form a ring which is a 5-, 6- or 7-membered cycloalkyl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered cycloalkyl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered aryl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered aryl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heteroaryl, or a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered heteroaryl;  
 wherein at least one of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , or R 7 , is a substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;  
 
 R 12  is hydrogen, —OH, —NH 2 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl; and  
 R 13  is hydrogen, —OH, —NH 2 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl;  
 R 8  is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, or  
                     wherein R 14  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;    R 15  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;    R 16  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;    R 17  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;    R 18  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;    
 R 9  is hydrogen, —OH, halogen, —CN, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support; or 
 a member selected from  
 R 9  in combination with R 8 ; and  
 R 9  in combination with R 14  together with the atoms to which they are joined form a substituted 5- or 6-membered spirolactone ring, unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered spirolactone ring, substituted 5- or 6-membered spirosultone ring or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered spirosultone ring; and  
 
 X is C or N;  
 m is or 1;  
 n is 0 or 1;  
 R 10  is —OR 30  or —NR 30 OR 12 ; and  
 R 11  is hydrogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted acyl, unsubstituted acyl, substituted heteroacyl, unsubstituted heteroacyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl; 
 wherein R 30  hydrogen, —OH, —NH 2 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl; or  
 
 wherein R 30  in combination with R 2 ; or R 30  in combination with R 7 , together with the atoms to which they are joined form a ring which is a 5-, 6- or 7-membered cycloalkyl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered cycloalkyl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered aryl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered aryl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heteroaryl, or a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered heteroaryl.  
 
   
   
       2 . The compound according to  claim 1 , wherein the anthracene moiety has a structure according to the following formula:  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein 
 R 19  is hydrogen, halogen, SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;  
 R 20  is hydrogen, halogen, SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;  
 R 21  is hydrogen, halogen, SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;  
 R 22  is hydrogen, halogen, SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;  
 R 23  is hydrogen, halogen, SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;  
 R 24  is hydrogen, halogen, SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;  
 R 25  is hydrogen, halogen, SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;  
 R 26  is hydrogen, halogen, SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;  
 R 27  is hydrogen, halogen, SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support.  
 
   
   
       3 . The compound according to  claim 2 , wherein the compound is:  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
   
   
       4 . The compound according to  claim 1 , wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , and R 6  are H.  
   
   
       5 . The compound according to  claim 1 , wherein the compound is:  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
   
   
       6 . The compound according to  claim 2 , wherein at least one of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26  or R 27  is a reactive group, a carrier molecule or solid support.  
   
   
       7 . The compound according to  claim 1 , wherein the reactive group, solid support and carrier molecule independently comprise a linker that is a single covalent bond, or a covalent linkage that is linear or branched, cyclic or heterocyclic, saturated or unsaturated, having 1-20 nonhydrogen atoms selected from the group consisting of C, N, P, O and S; and are composed of any combination of ether, thioether, amine, ester, carboxamide, sulfonamide, hydrazide bonds and aromatic or heteroaromatic bonds.  
   
   
       8 . The compound according to  claim 1 , wherein the reactive group is an acrylamide, an activated ester of a carboxylic acid, a carboxylic ester, an acyl azide, an acyl nitrile, an aldehyde, an alkyl halide, an anhydride, an aniline, an amine, an aryl halide, an azide, an aziridine, a boronate, a diazoalkane, a haloacetamide, a haloalkyl, a halotriazine, a hydrazine, an imido ester, an isocyanate, an isothiocyanate, a maleimide, a phosphoramidite, a reactive platinum complex, a silyl halide, a sulfonyl halide, a thiol or a photoactivatable group.  
   
   
       9 . The compound according to  claim 1 , wherein the reactive group is carboxylic acid, succinimidyl ester of a carboxylic acid, hydrazide, amine or a maleimide.  
   
   
       10 . The compound according to  claim 1;  wherein the reactive group reacts with an amine, an alcohol, a cysteine, a haloalkyl, an aldehyde, a ketone, a sulfo group or a thiol.  
   
   
       11 . The compound according to  claim 1 , wherein the carrier molecule is an amino acid, a peptide, a protein, a polysaccharide, a nucleoside, a nucleotide, an oligonucleotide, a nucleic acid polymer, a hapten, a biotin-binding protein, a psoralen, a drug, a hormone, a lipid, a lipid assembly, a synthetic polymer, a polymeric microparticle, a biological cell or a virus.  
   
   
       12 . The compound according to  claim 1 , wherein the carrier molecule is an antibody or fragment thereof, an avidin or streptavidin, a biotin, a blood component protein, a dextran, an enzyme, an enzyme inhibitor, a hormone, an IgG binding protein, a fluorescent protein, a growth factor, a lectin, a lipopolysaccharide, a microorganism, a metal binding protein, a metal chelating moiety, a non-biological microparticle, a peptide toxin, a phosphotidylserine-binding protein, a structural protein, a small-molecule drug, or a tyramide.  
   
   
       13 . The compound according to  claim 1 , wherein the solid support is a microfluidic chip, a silicon chip, a microscope slide, a microplate well, a silica gel, a polymeric membrane, a particle, a derivatized plastic film, a glass bead, cotton, a plastic bead, an alumina gel, a polysaccharide, polyvinylchloride, polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, latex bead, magnetic bead, paramagnetic bead, or superparamagnetic bead.  
   
   
       14 . The compound according to  claim 1 , wherein the solid support is sepharose, poly(acrylate), polystyrene, poly(acrylamide), polyol, agarose, agar, cellulose, dextran, starch, FICOLL, heparin, glycogen, amylopectin, mannan, inulin, nitrocellulose, diazocellulose or starch.  
   
   
       15 . The compound according to  claim 1 , wherein the anthracene moiety has a structure according to the following formula:  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein 
 R 19  is hydrogen, halogen, SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;  
 R 20  is hydrogen, halogen, SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;  
 R 21  is hydrogen, halogen, SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;  
 R 22  is hydrogen, halogen, SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;  
 R 23  is hydrogen, halogen, SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;  
 R 24  is hydrogen, halogen, SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;  
 R 25  is hydrogen, halogen, SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;  
 R 26  is hydrogen, halogen, SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;  
 R 27  is hydrogen, halogen, SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support.  
 
   
   
       16 . The compound according to  claim 15 , wherein the compound is:  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
   
   
       17 . The compound according to  claim 15 , wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , and R 6  are H.  
   
   
       18 . The compound according to  claim 1 , wherein the compound is:  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
   
   
       19 . The compound according to  claim 15 , wherein at least one of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26  or R 27  is a reactive group, a solid support or a carrier molecule.  
   
   
       20 . A method for the determination of the presence or absence of singlet oxygen in a sample, wherein the method comprises: 
 a) contacting the sample with a fluorogenic compound to prepare a labeled sample, wherein the fluorogenic compound has the formula;                          wherein;    R 2  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;    R 3  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;    R 4  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;    R 5  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;    R 6  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;    R 7  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety; or    a member selected from    R 6  in combination with R 7 ;    R 7  in combination with R 10 ;    R 10  in combination with R 2 ;    R 3  in combination with R 11 ;    R 11  in combination with R 4 ; or    R 4  in combination with R 5  
 together with the atoms to which they are joined, form a ring which is a 5-, 6- or 7-membered cycloalkyl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered cycloalkyl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered aryl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered aryl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heteroaryl, or a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered heteroaryl;  
 wherein at least one of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , or R 7 , is a substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;  
   R 12  is hydrogen, —OH, —NH 2 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl; and    R 13  is hydrogen, —OH, —NH 2 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl;    R 8  is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, or                        wherein R 14  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;    R 15  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;    R 16  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;    R 17  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;    R 18  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;      R 9  is hydrogen, —OH, halogen, —CN, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support; or 
 a member selected from  
 R 9  in combination with R 8 ; and  
 R 9  in combination with R 14  together with the atoms to which they are joined form a substituted 5- or 6-membered spirolactone ring, unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered spirolactone ring, substituted 5- or 6-membered spirosultone ring or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered spirosultone ring; and  
   X is C or N;    m is O or d 1;    n is 0 or 1;    R 10  is —OR 30  or —NR 30 OR 12 ; and    R 11  is hydrogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted acyl, unsubstituted acyl, substituted heteroacyl, unsubstituted heteroacyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl; 
 wherein R 30  hydrogen, —OH, —NH 2 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl; or  
   wherein R 30  in combination with R 2 ; or R 30  in combination with R 7 , together with the atoms to which they are joined form a ring which is a 5-, 6- or 7-membered cycloalkyl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered cycloalkyl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered aryl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered aryl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heteroaryl, or a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered heteroaryl;    b) incubating the labeled sample for a sufficient amount of time to prepare an incubated sample, wherein the singlet oxygen reacts with the fluorogenic compound to produce a fluorescent product;    a) illuminating the incubated sample with an appropriate wavelength to prepare an illuminated sample; and    b) observing the illuminated sample whereby the presence or absence of the singlet oxygen in the sample is determined.    
   
   
       21 . The method according to  claim 20 , wherein the singlet oxygen is a product formed by a photosensitizer and ground state oxygen in the presence of visible light, hypochlorites and hydrogen peroxide, benzyl cyanide and hydrogen peroxide, oxalyl chloride and hydrogen peroxide, sodium molybdate and hydrogen peroxide, ozone and phosphines, ozone and phosphites, electrodeless discharge of ground state oxygen, hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution with Fe (II), (III), or Ce (IV) ions, or pyrolysis of aromatic endoperoxides.  
   
   
       22 . The method according to  claim 20 , wherein the singlet oxygen is a product formed by the reaction of a photosensitizer and ground state oxygen in the presence of visible light.  
   
   
       23 . The method according to  claim 21 , wherein the photosensitizer is an aromatic carbonyl compound, condensed aromatic compound, acridine dye, coumarin dye, crystal violet, fluorene derivative, naphthalocyanine, porphyrin derivative, chlorin, phthalocyanine, thiazine dye, thioketone, xanthene dye, platinum (II) terpyridyl acetylide complex, or combinations thereof.  
   
   
       24 . The method according to  claim 21 , wherein the photosensitizer is an acetonapthone, acetophenone, benzophenone, acridine orange, eosin, fluorene, fluorenone, fluorescein, methylene blue, naphthalocyanine, phthalocyanine, rose bengal, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin, thiocoumarin, toluidine blue, methylene blue, zinc tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate, or combinations thereof.  
   
   
       25 . The method according to  claim 21 , wherein the photosensitizer is methylene blue.  
   
   
       26 . The method according to  claim 20 , wherein the singlet oxygen is a product formed by the reaction of sodium molybdate and hydrogen peroxide.  
   
   
       27 . A kit for the determination of singlet oxygen in a sample, wherein the kit comprises: 
 a) a reaction buffer; and,    b) a compound according to the formula;                          wherein;    R 2  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;    R 3  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;    R 4  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;    R 5  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;    R 6  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;    R 7  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety; or    a member selected from    R 6  in combination with R 7 ;    R 7  in combination with R 10 ;    R 10  in combination with R 2 ;    R 3  in combination with R 11 ;    R 11  in combination with R 4 ; or    R 4  in combination with R 5  
 together with the atoms to which they are joined, form a ring which is a 5-, 6- or 7-membered cycloalkyl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered cycloalkyl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered aryl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered aryl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heteroaryl, or a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered heteroaryl;  
 wherein at least one of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , or R 7 , is a substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;  
   R 12  is hydrogen, —OH, —NH 2 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl; and    R 13  is hydrogen, —OH, —NH 2 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl;    R 8  is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, or                        wherein R 14  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;    R 15  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;    R 16  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;    R 17  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;    R 18  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;      R 9  is hydrogen, —OH, halogen, —CN, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support; or 
 a member selected from  
 R 9  in combination with R 8 ; and  
 R 9  in combination with R 14  together with the atoms to which they are joined form a substituted 5- or 6-membered spirolactone ring, unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered spirolactone ring, substituted 5- or 6-membered spirosultone ring or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered spirosultone ring; and  
   X is C or N;    m is 0 or 1;    n is 0 or 1;    R 10  is —OR 30  or —NR 13 OR 12 ; and    R 11  is hydrogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted acyl, unsubstituted acyl, substituted heteroacyl, unsubstituted heteroacyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl; 
 wherein R 30  hydrogen, —OH, —NH 2 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl; or  
   wherein R 30  in combination with R 2 ; or R 30  in combination with R 7 , together with the atoms to which they are joined form a ring which is a 5-, 6- or 7-membered cycloalkyl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered cycloalkyl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered aryl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered aryl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heteroaryl, or a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered heteroaryl.    
   
   
       28 . The kit according to  claim 27 , further comprising instructions for use of the kit.  
   
   
       29 . The kit according to  claim 27 , further comprising a singlet oxygen generator.  
   
   
       30 . The kit according to  claim 27 , further comprising methylene blue, sodium molybdate or hydrogen peroxide.  
   
   
       31 . A composition comprising: 
 a) a sample; and    b) a compound according to the formula                          wherein;    R 2  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;    R 3  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;    R 4  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;    R 5  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;    R 6  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;    R 7  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety; or    a member selected from    R 6  in combination with R 7 ;    R 7  in combination with R 10 ;    R 10  in combination with R 2 ;    R 3  in combination with R 11 ;    R 11  in combination with R 4 ; or    R 4  in combination with R 5  
 together with the atoms to which they are joined, form a ring which is a 5-, 6- or 7-membered cycloalkyl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered cycloalkyl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered aryl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered aryl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heteroaryl, or a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered heteroaryl;  
 wherein at least one of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , or R 7 , is a substituted anthracene moiety or a unsubstituted anthracene moiety;  
   R 12  is hydrogen, —OH, —NH 2 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl; and    R 13  is hydrogen, —OH, —NH 2 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl;    R 8  is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, unsubstituted solid support, or                        wherein R 14  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 —SO 2 R 12  CO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;    R 15  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;    R 16  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;    R 17  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;    R 18  is hydrogen, —OH, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , CO 2 R 12 , halogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support;      R 9  is hydrogen, —OH, halogen, —CN, —NO 2 , —NR 12 R 13 , —SO 2 R 12 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted reactive group, unsubstituted reactive group, substituted carrier molecule, unsubstituted carrier molecule, substituted solid support, or unsubstituted solid support; or 
 a member selected from  
 R 9  in combination with R 8 ; and  
 R 9  in combination with R 14  together with the atoms to which they are joined form a substituted 5- or 6-membered spirolactone ring, unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered spirolactone ring, substituted 5- or 6-membered spirosultone ring or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered spirosultone ring; and  
   X is C or N;    m is 0 or 1;    n is 0 or 1;    R 10  is —OR 30  or —NR 30 OR 12 ; and    R 11  is hydrogen, substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted acyl, unsubstituted acyl, substituted heteroacyl, unsubstituted heteroacyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl; 
 wherein R 30  hydrogen, —OH, —NH 2 , substituted alkyl, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl; or  
   wherein R 30  in combination with R 2 ; or R 30  in combination with R 7 , together with the atoms to which they are joined form a ring which is a 5-, 6- or 7-membered cycloalkyl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered cycloalkyl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered aryl, a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered aryl, a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heteroaryl, or a substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered heteroaryl.    
   
   
       32 . The composition according to  claim 31 , further comprising a singlet oxygen generator in an amount sufficient to produce singlet oxygen.  
   
   
       33 . The composition according to  claim 31 , further comprising methylene blue, sodium molybdate or hydrogen peroxide.