Ionic liquid energetic materials

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a novel energetic ionic liquid comprising a tetrazolide anion of formula I and/or a tetrazolium cation of formula II, and a method for manufacturing the same. Also provided are energetic materials and propellants comprising a tetrazolide and/or tetrazolium energetic ionic liquid.

1 . An energetic ionic liquid comprising an anion of formula I:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       and a cation, wherein R 1  is selected from the group consisting of 
 hydrogen;  
 halogen;  
 nitro;  
 azide;  
 C 1  to C 20  alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl, optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from fluorine and azide; and  
 NROR 31  or OR 32 , wherein R 30 , R 31 , and R 32  are independently selected from the group consisting of C 1  to C 20  alkyl, aralkyl, and/or aryl, each of which is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from fluorine and azide,  
 wherein the energy impulse of the energetic ionic liquid is at least about 275 lb·s/lb.  
 
     
     
         2 . The energetic ionic liquid of  claim 1 , wherein the cation is an ammonium cation.  
     
     
         3 . The energetic ionic liquid of  claim 1 , wherein R 1  is methyl.  
     
     
         4 . The energetic ionic liquid of  claim 1 , wherein the melting point is below about 30° C.  
     
     
         5 . A composition comprising an energetic ionic liquid of  claim 1  and a non-energetic ionic liquid.  
     
     
         6 . A composition comprising an energetic ionic liquid of  claim 1  and a salt, wherein the salt is an oxidant.  
     
     
         7 . The composition of  claim 6 , wherein the salt comprises an anion selected from the group consisting of perchlorate, chlorate, nitrate, and nitrite.  
     
     
         8 . A composition comprising an energetic ionic liquid of  claim 1 , wherein the composition is a monopropellant or a bipropellant.  
     
     
         9 . An energetic ionic liquid comprises a cation of formula II:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       and an anion, wherein 
 R 6  is selected from the group selected from 
 hydrogen;  
 halogen;  
 nitro;  
 azide;  
 C 1  to C 20  alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl, optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from fluorine and azide; and  
 NR 33 R 34 , OR 35 , or SR 36  wherein R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36  are independently selected from the group consisting of C 1  to C 20  alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl, each of which is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from fluorine and azide; and  
 R 7  and R 8  are independently selected from the group consisting of C 1  to C 20  alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl, each of which is optionally substituted,  
 
 wherein the energy impulse of the energetic ionic liquid is at least about 275 lb·s/lb.  
 
     
     
         10 . The energetic ionic liquid of  claim 9 , wherein the anion is perchlorate.  
     
     
         11 . The energetic ionic liquid of  claim 9 , wherein the melting point is below about 30° C.  
     
     
         12 . A composition comprising an energetic ionic liquid  claim 9  and a non-energetic ionic liquid.  
     
     
         13 . A composition comprising an energetic ionic liquid  claim 9  and a salt, wherein the salt is an oxidant.  
     
     
         14 . The composition of  claim 13 , wherein the salt comprises an anion selected from the group consisting of perchlorate, chlorate, nitrate, and nitrite.  
     
     
         15 . A composition comprising an energetic ionic liquid  claim 9 , wherein the composition is a monopropellant or a bipropellant.