Method and device for pollution reduction from exhausts emissions

Abstract

The disclosed invention relates to a method, an apparatus designed accordingly, to reduce and/or eliminate polluting exhausts components from combustion thermal-generator emissions comprising at least a combustion chamber and at least an fixed exhaust duct. An electric heating resistance able to be activated, following lighting of said combustion heat generator, so as to preheat a catalyst and burn particles deposited on a grille or particles of uncombusted products present initially in the exhaust gases.

1 . Apparatus for reducing or eliminating the pollutants present in the exhaust gases produced by combustion heat generators provided with a combustion chamber and an exhaust duct for guiding said exhaust gases from the inside to the outside of said combustion chamber, characterized in that it comprises: 
 a support structure;    a vertically extending pipe arranged so as to by-pass a section of the exhaust duct, supported by said support structure and connected to the exhaust gas discharge outlet of the heat generator  1  and to the exhaust duct by means of two sections, i.e. a first safety section for conveying the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber and a second section for expelling the exhaust gases treated inside the apparatus;    a filter, in particular of the vortex type, mounted on said by-pass pipe so as to intercept said exhaust gases and purify them of polluting solid particles;    an electric heating resistance mounted on said by-pass pipe and arranged downstream of said filter;    at least one grille mounted on said by-pass pipe so as to intercept said exhaust gases and arranged downstream of said electric heating resistance;    at least one catalyst mounted on said by-pass pipe so as to intercept said exhaust gases and arranged downstream of said grille;    suction means, able to produce, when switched on or off, selectively the circulation respectively of said exhaust gases in said by-pass pipe or in the section of the exhaust duct situated between said first and second section for connection to said by-pass pipe;    said electric heating resistance being able to be at least temporarily activated, in particular following lighting of said combustion heat generator, so as to preheat said catalyst and burn particles deposited on said grille or particles of uncombusted products present initially in the exhaust gases.    
     
     
         2 . Apparatus according to  claim 1 , characterized in that removable container means, in particular of the drawer type, are envisaged for storing said polluting solid particles.  
     
     
         3 . Apparatus according to  claim 1 , characterized in that said electric heating resistance faces said grille which heats up as a result of irradiation to a temperature of between 400 and 700° C.  
     
     
         4 . Apparatus according to  claim 1 , characterized in that said grille is composed of several superimposed sheets.  
     
     
         5 . Apparatus according to  claim 4 , characterized in that the metal meshes of said superimposed sheets have dimensions decreasing in the direction of said catalyst and dimensions increasing in the direction of said resistance.  
     
     
         6 . Method for reducing or eliminating the polluting components present in the exhaust gases produced by combustion heat generators provided with a combustion chamber and with an exhaust duct for guiding said exhaust gases from the inside to the outside of said combustion chamber, characterized in that it comprises: 
 a step involving treatment of the exhaust gases coveyable by suction means inside a vertically extending pipe arranged so as to by-pass a section of the exhaust duct and connected to the exhaust gas discharge outlet of the heat generator  1  and to the exhaust duct by means of two sections, i.e. a first safety section for conveying the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber and a second section for expelling the exhaust gases treated in the apparatus;    said exhaust gas treatment step envisaging:    at least one filtering operation, in particular by means of a centrifugal action, able to purify the exhaust gases of polluting solid particles;    at least one operation of conveying the exhaust gases through the catalyst so as to eliminate the polluting gases present in them;    said method also comprising a step involving start-up of the apparatus following lighting of the generator, wherein said suction means are initially switched off and wherein heating of at least one grille mounted on said by-pass pipe for intercepting said exhaust gases is performed by means of an electric heating resistance, so as to pre-heat said catalyst, in order to burn the particles deposited on said grille during the previous operating cycle of the heat generator.    
     
     
         7 . Method according to  claim 6 , characterized in that said heating step is transitory and takes place until said suction means are switched on.  
     
     
         8 . Method according to  claim 6 , characterized in that said heating step is transitory and has a duration in the range of 10 to 120 seconds.  
     
     
         9 . Method according to  claim 6 , characterized in that said suction means are started up following lighting of the heat generator and in time to convey inside the by-pass pipe the first exhaust gases produced by the heat generator  1  after being lit, so that the particles of uncombusted products present in the exhaust gases burn on said grille heated by said electric resistance.