Organic light-emitting display with multiple light-emitting modules

Abstract

An organic light-emitting device (OLED) includes an anode, a cathode and a plurality of organic light-emitting units. The organic light-emitting units are separated by a charge transfer layer which may be formed of various fullerenes in combination with a further material. The charge transfer layer may be a relatively homogenous layer that is a mixture of fullerene and the further material or it may include two distinct layers including a fullerene layer and a layer of the further material.

1 . An organic light-emitting device comprising a light transmissive substrate, an anode, a cathode and a plurality of organic light-emitting units disposed between the anode and the cathode, adjacent organic light-emitting units separated by a charge transfer layer.  
     
     
         2 . The organic light-emitting device as in  claim 1 , wherein the charge transfer layer comprises fullerene.  
     
     
         3 . The organic light-emitting device as in  claim 1 , wherein the charge transfer layer comprises a first material being one of fullerene, FeCl 3 , SbCl 5 , TCNQ, and F4-TCNQ, and a second material.  
     
     
         4 . The organic light-emitting device as in  claim 3 , wherein the second material comprises at least one of TTF, BEDT-TTF, lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium, magnesium, and calcium, silver, aluminum, and nickel.  
     
     
         5 . The organic light-emitting device as in  claim 3 , wherein the charge transfer layer is a single layer being a mixture of the first material and the second material, the first material composed of fullerene and constituting 0.5 to 99.5 percent of the mixture.  
     
     
         6 . The organic light-emitting device as in  claim 3 , wherein each organic light-emitting unit comprises an electron transport layer, an emissive layer, a hole transport layer, and a hole injection layer, and at least one of a hole transport layer and hole injection layer is formed of CuPc or NPB.  
     
     
         7 . The organic light-emitting device as in  claim 2 , wherein the fullerene includes a structure comprising one of C60, C70, C76, C78, C82, C84, C90, and C96.  
     
     
         8 . The organic light-emitting device as in  claim 2 , wherein the charge transfer layer comprises a fullerene layer and a hole transport layer.  
     
     
         9 . The organic light-emitting device as in  claim 8 , wherein the hole transport layer comprises a p-type dopant material.  
     
     
         10 . The organic light-emitting device as in  claim 9 , wherein the p-type dopant material comprises TCNQ, F4-TCNQ, FeCl 3 , or SbCl 5 .  
     
     
         11 . The organic light-emitting device as in  claim 8 , wherein the charge transfer layer includes a thickness within a range of 1-500 nm and the fullerene layer includes a thickness within a range of 1-200 nm.  
     
     
         12 . The organic light-emitting device as in  claim 3 , wherein the charge transfer layer is formed of a first layer of the first material and a second layer of the second material.  
     
     
         13 . The organic light-emitting device as in  claim 1 , wherein the charge transfer layer is formed of an electron donating material and an electron accepting material.  
     
     
         14 . The organic light-emitting device as in  claim 1 , wherein each organic light-emitting unit comprises an electron transport layer, an emissive layer formed of electroluminescent material, and a hole transport layer.  
     
     
         15 . The organic light-emitting device as in  claim 14 , wherein the organic light-emitting unit further comprises at least one hole injection layer.  
     
     
         16 . The organic light-emitting device as in  claim 1 , further comprising at least one buffer layer disposed adjacent the cathode.  
     
     
         17 . The organic light-emitting device as in  claim 1 , wherein a first organic light emitting unit is formed on the anode, the charge transfer layer is formed on the first organic light emitting unit, a second organic light emitting unit is formed on the charge transfer layer and the cathode is formed on the second organic light emitting unit, the anode, first organic light emitting unit, charge transfer layer, second organic light emitting unit and cathode arranged in parallel.  
     
     
         18 . The organic light-emitting device as in  claim 1 , wherein the anode is formed of one of indium tin oxide, a further light transmissive material and an opaque material.  
     
     
         19 . An organic light-emitting device comprising a light transmissive substrate, an anode formed of a light-transmissive material disposed over the substrate, a first organic light-emitting unit disposed over the anode, a charge transfer layer including fullerene disposed over the first organic light-emitting unit, a second organic light-emitting unit disposed over the charge transfer layer, and a cathode disposed over the second organic light-emitting unit.  
     
     
         20 . A method for forming an organic light-emitting device comprising forming an anode over a light transmissive substrate, forming a cathode over the anode, forming a plurality of organic light-emitting units between the anode and the cathode, and forming a charge transfer layer between each adjacent set of the light emitting units, each charge transfer layer including fullerene.