Fan assembly and method

Abstract

Fans according to some embodiments of the present invention include a spider, a central hub coupled to the spider, and two or more fan blades. One or more fan design features can be employed (alone or in combination) in the fans of the present invention, including the use of spider arms and/or fan blades having twisted shapes, spider lobes having cupped shapes, spiders and/or fan blades having thinner dimensions than conventional spider and fan blades in similarly-sized fans, fan blades having narrower widths, larger camber-to-chord ratios and/or tapering camber-to-chord ratios, and embossments located on the spider or the fan blades of the fan. In addition, pre-balanced spider assemblies can be employed as an alternative to balancing a fan after assembly.

1 . A fan, comprising: 
 an axis about which the fan is rotatable;    a plurality of fan blades, each fan blade having a tip and a root; and    a spider having a plurality of radially extending arms to which the plurality of fan blades are coupled, the tips of the plurality of fan blades defining a fan diameter greater than about 16 inches and less than about 24 inches;    each spider arm having a cupped portion to which one of the plurality of fan blades is coupled, the cupped portions of the spider arms each having a curved cross-sectional shape defined at least partially by a radius of curvature that is less than 10 inches.    
   
   
       2 . The fan as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein each spider arm has a lobe at least partially defining the cupped portion to which one of the fan blades is coupled.  
   
   
       3 . The fan as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein each spider arm terminates in a lobe at least partially defining the cupped portion to which one of the fan blades is coupled.  
   
   
       4 . The fan as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the radius of curvature is less than 6 inches.  
   
   
       5 . The fan as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the radius of curvature is between 3.5 and 4 inches.  
   
   
       6 . The fan as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the spider has a steel body having a nominal thickness of no greater than about 0.080 inches.  
   
   
       7 . The fan as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the spider has a steel body having a nominal thickness of no greater than about 0.065 inches.  
   
   
       8 . The fan as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the spider has a steel body having a nominal thickness of no greater than about 0.055 inches.  
   
   
       9 . The fan as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein each spider arm has a length in a radial direction of the fan, each spider arm having a twisted shape along the length of the spider arm.  
   
   
       10 . The fan as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein: 
 each fan blade has a length and a curved cross-sectional shape defining a camber-to-chord ratio at different radial distances from the axis; and    the camber-to-chord ratio of the fan blade is at least 0.075 along substantially the entire length of the fan blade.    
   
   
       11 . The fan as claimed in  claim 10 , wherein the camber-to-chord ratio is substantially constant along the length of the fan blade.  
   
   
       12 . The fan as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein: 
 each fan blade has a length and a curved cross-sectional shape defining a camber-to-chord ratio at different radial distances from the axis;    each fan blade is coupled to a respective one of the arms at the root of the fan blade; and    the camber-to-chord ratio at the root of each fan blade is at least 0.09.    
   
   
       13 . The fan as claimed in  claim 12 , wherein the camber-to-chord ratio at the root of each blade is at least 0.12.  
   
   
       14 . The fan as claimed in  claim 12 , wherein the camber-to-chord ratio at the root of each blade is at least 0.16.  
   
   
       15 . The fan as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein: 
 each fan blade has a length and a curved cross-sectional shape defining a camber-to-chord ratio at different radial distances from the axis;    the camber-to-chord ratio at the tip of each fan blade is at least 0.064.    
   
   
       16 . The fan as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein: 
 each fan blade has a length and a curved cross-sectional shape defining a camber-to-chord ratio at different radial distances from the axis; and    the camber-to-chord ratio decreases from the root of each fan blade to the tip of each fan blade.    
   
   
       17 . The fan as claimed in  claim 16 , wherein the camber-to-chord ratio of each fan blade decreases at least 20% along the length of the fan blade.  
   
   
       18 . The fan as claimed in  claim 16 , wherein the camber-to-chord ratio of each fan blade decreases at least 35% along the length of the fan blade.  
   
   
       19 . The fan as claimed in  claim 16 , wherein the camber-to-chord ratio of each fan blade decreases at least 50% along the length of the fan blade.  
   
   
       20 . The fan as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein: 
 each fan blade has a length and a longitudinal axis along the length; and    the blade tip of each fan blade is disposed at an angle about the longitudinal axis with respect to the blade root.    
   
   
       21 . The fan as claimed in  claim 20 , wherein the angle is at least 6 degrees.  
   
   
       22 . The fan as claimed in  claim 20 , wherein the angle is at least 7 degrees.  
   
   
       23 . The fan as claimed in  claim 20 , wherein the angle is at least 8 degrees.  
   
   
       24 . The fan as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the fan blades comprise aluminum and have a nominal thickness of no greater than 0.032 inches.  
   
   
       25 . The fan as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the fan blades comprise aluminum and have a nominal thickness of no greater than 0.020 inches.  
   
   
       26 . The fan as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the fan blades comprise steel and have a nominal thickness of no greater than 0.025 inches.  
   
   
       27 . The fan as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the fan blades comprise steel and have a nominal thickness of no greater than 0.015 inches.  
   
   
       28 . The fan as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein: 
 the fan blades each have a length and a width; and    the width of each fan blade is no greater than 8 inches.    
   
   
       29 . The fan as claimed in  claim 28 , wherein the width of each fan blade is no greater than 7 inches.  
   
   
       30 . The fan as claimed in  claim 28 , wherein the width of each fan blade is no greater than 6 inches.  
   
   
       31 . The fan as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the spider has at least one embossment oriented to provide resistance to bending of the spider.  
   
   
       32 . The fan as claimed in  claim 31 , wherein the embossment is on a peripheral edge of the spider.  
   
   
       33 . The fan as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the fan blades each have at least one embossment located at the root of each fan blade.  
   
   
       34 . A fan, comprising: 
 an axis of rotation;    a hub;    a plurality of fan blades coupled to the hub and rotatable about the axis of rotation, each fan blade having: 
 a length;  
 a longitudinal axis extending from the axis of rotation and along the length of the blade;  
 a leading edge;  
 a trailing edge;  
 a width between the leading and trailing edges;  
 a blade root; and  
 a blade tip located further away from the axis of rotation than the blade root;  
 the blade having a cross-sectional shape defined by a plane passing through the blade and oriented perpendicularly with respect to the longitudinal axis of the blade, the cross-sectional shape of the blade having a camber-to-chord ratio of at least 0.075 along at least a majority of the length of the blade.  
   
   
   
       35 . The fan as claimed in  claim 34 , further comprising a spider coupled to the hub and having a plurality of spider arms, the plurality of fan blades coupled to the hub via the spider.  
   
   
       36 . The fan as claimed in  claim 34 , wherein the fan has a diameter that is no less than about 16 inches and is no greater than about 24 inches.  
   
   
       37 . The fan as claimed in  claim 34 , wherein the camber-to-chord ratio of each fan blade is substantially constant along the length of the blade.  
   
   
       38 . The fan as claimed in  claim 34 , wherein the camber-to-chord ratio of each fan blade at the root of each fan blade is at least 0.09.  
   
   
       39 . The fan as claimed in  claim 34 , wherein the camber-to-chord ratio of each fan blade at the root of each fan blade is at least 0.12.  
   
   
       40 . The fan as claimed in  claim 34 , wherein the camber-to-chord ratio of each fan blade at the root of each fan blade is at least 0.16.  
   
   
       41 . The fan as claimed in  claim 34 , wherein the camber-to-chord ratio of each fan blade at the tip of each fan blade is at least 0.064.  
   
   
       42 . The fan as claimed in  claim 34 , wherein the camber-to-chord ratio of each fan blade decreases from the root of each fan blade to the tip of each fan blade.  
   
   
       43 . The fan as claimed in  claim 34 , wherein the camber-to-chord ratio of each fan blade decreases at least 20% along the length of the fan blade.  
   
   
       44 . The fan as claimed in  claim 34 , wherein the camber-to-chord ratio of each fan blade decreases at least 35% along the length of the fan blade.  
   
   
       45 . The fan as claimed in  claim 34 , wherein the camber-to-chord ratio of each fan blade decreases at least 50% along the length of the fan blade.  
   
   
       46 . The fan as claimed in  claim 35 , wherein each spider arm has a lobe to which a fan blade of the plurality of fan blades is coupled, the lobe having a cupped shape about the longitudinal axis of the blade, at least part of the cupped shape defined by a radius of curvature no greater than 10 inches.  
   
   
       47 . The fan as claimed in  claim 46 , wherein at least part of the cupped shape of the lobe is defined by a radius of curvature no greater than 6 inches.  
   
   
       48 . The fan as claimed in  claim 46 , wherein at least part of the cupped shape of the lobe is defined by a radius of curvature between 3.5 and 4 inches.  
   
   
       49 . The fan as claimed in  claim 35 , wherein the spider has a steel body having a nominal thickness of no greater than about 0.080 inches.  
   
   
       50 . The fan as claimed in  claim 35 , wherein the spider has a steel body having a nominal thickness of no greater than about 0.065 inches.  
   
   
       51 . The fan as claimed in  claim 35 , wherein the spider has a steel body having a nominal thickness of no greater than about 0.055 inches.  
   
   
       52 . The fan as claimed in  claim 35 , wherein each spider arm has a twisted shape about the longitudinal axis of a fan blade coupled thereto.  
   
   
       53 . The fan as claimed in  claim 34 , wherein the tip of each fan blade at the longitudinal axis is oriented at an angle about the longitudinal axis with respect to the root.  
   
   
       54 . The fan as claimed in  claim 53 , wherein the angle is at least 6 degrees.  
   
   
       55 . The fan as claimed in  claim 53 , wherein the angle is at least 7 degrees.  
   
   
       56 . The fan as claimed in  claim 53 , wherein the angle is no smaller than about 8 degrees and is no greater than about 11 degrees.  
   
   
       57 . The fan as claimed in  claim 34 , wherein the fan blades comprise aluminum and have a nominal thickness of no greater than 0.032 inches.  
   
   
       58 . The fan as claimed in  claim 34 , wherein the fan blades comprise aluminum and have a nominal thickness of no greater than 0.020 inches.  
   
   
       59 . The fan as claimed in  claim 34 , wherein the fan blades comprise steel and have a nominal thickness of no greater than 0.025 inches.  
   
   
       60 . The fan as claimed in  claim 34 , wherein the fan blades comprise steel and have a nominal thickness of no greater than 0.015 inches.  
   
   
       61 . The fan as claimed in  claim 34 , wherein the width of each fan blade is no greater than 8 inches.  
   
   
       62 . The fan as claimed in  claim 34 , wherein the width of each fan blade is no greater than 7 inches.  
   
   
       63 . The fan as claimed in  claim 34 , wherein the width of each fan blade is no greater than 6 inches.  
   
   
       64 . The fan as claimed in  claim 34 , wherein each fan blade has at least one embossment located at the root of the fan blade.  
   
   
       65 . The fan as claimed in  claim 35 , wherein the spider has at least one embossment located at a peripheral edge of the spider.  
   
   
       66 . A spider for attachment to a central hub having a fastener and for use in fans no smaller than about 16 inches and no larger than about 24 inches in diameter, the fastener producing an amount of mass imbalance of the hub about an axis of rotation of the hub, the spider comprising: 
 an axis of rotation of the spider;    a central portion comprised of steel not greater than 0.080 inches in nominal thickness, the central portion adapted to be coupled to the central hub; and    a plurality of radially projecting arms comprised of steel not greater than 0.080 inches in nominal thickness, each spider arm extending radially outward from the central portion of the spider;    the spider having a shape that is asymmetrical about the axis of rotation of the spider, the shape of the spider producing an amount of mass imbalance about the axis of rotation of the spider, the spider adapted to be coupled to the hub at an angular orientation with respect to the hub in which the mass imbalance of the hub is substantially offset by the mass imbalance of the spider, whereby attachment of the spider having the asymmetrical shape to the hub at the angular orientation creates a substantially balanced spider assembly.    
   
   
       67 . The spider as claimed in  claim 66 , wherein spider comprises a stamped sheet of steel.  
   
   
       68 . The spider as claimed in  claim 66 , wherein: 
 the fastener is a threaded fastener; and    the imbalance of the hub is generated at least in part by an aperture in the hub into which the fastener is received.    
   
   
       69 . The spider as claimed in  claim 66 , wherein: 
 the fastener is a threaded fastener; and    the imbalance of the hub is generated at least in part by a position of the threaded fastener with respect to the hub.    
   
   
       70 . The spider as claimed in  claim 66 , wherein the spider has at least one aperture therein at least partially defining the mass imbalance of the spider about the axis of rotation of the spider.  
   
   
       71 . The spider as claimed in  claim 66 , wherein each spider arm has a lobe adapted for attachment to a fan blade, the cupped shape of each lobe defined at least in part by a radius of curvature no greater than 10 inches.  
   
   
       72 . The spider as claimed in  claim 71 , wherein at least part of the cupped shape of each lobe is defined by a radius of curvature no greater than 6 inches.  
   
   
       73 . The spider as claimed in  claim 71 , wherein at least part of the cupped shape of each lobe is defined by a radius of curvature between 3.5 and 4 inches.  
   
   
       74 . The spider as claimed in  claim 66 , wherein the spider has a nominal thickness of no greater than about 0.080 inches.  
   
   
       75 . The spider as claimed in  claim 66 , wherein the spider has a nominal thickness of no greater than about 0.065 inches.  
   
   
       76 . The spider as claimed in  claim 66 , wherein the spider has a nominal thickness of no greater than about 0.055 inches.  
   
   
       77 . The spider as claimed in  claim 66 , wherein each spider arm has a length in a radial direction of the spider, each spider arm having a twisted shape along the length of the spider arm.  
   
   
       78 . The spider as claimed in  claim 66 , further comprising at least one embossment.  
   
   
       79 . The spider as claimed in  claim 78 , wherein the at least one embossment is located at a peripheral edge of the spider.  
   
   
       80 . A method of manufacturing a fan assembly, comprising: 
 providing an amount of mass imbalance created in a hub of the fan assembly by at least one hub fastener;    forming a body of a spider from a sheet of metal, the spider having an axis of rotation;    forming a plurality of locations on the spider to which fan blades can be coupled;    creating an asymmetrical mass distribution in the spider about the axis of rotation, the asymmetrical mass distribution of the spider selected to offset the mass imbalance of the hub in a selected angular relationship of the spider and hub about the axis of rotation; and    coupling the spider to the hub in the selected angular relationship after creating the asymmetrical mass distribution in the spider.    
   
   
       81 . The method as claimed in  claim 80 , wherein the mass imbalance of the hub is created at least in part by an aperture in the hub into which the hub fastener is received.  
   
   
       82 . The method as claimed in  claim 80 , wherein the mass imbalance of the hub is created at least in part by a position of the hub fastener relative to the hub.  
   
   
       83 . The method as claimed in  claim 80 , wherein forming the body of the spider includes stamping the body of the spider from the sheet of metal.  
   
   
       84 . The method as claimed in  claim 80 , wherein forming the body of the spider includes stamping the body of the spider from a sheet of metal having a nominal thickness no greater than about 0.080 inches.  
   
   
       85 . The method as claimed in  claim 80 , wherein forming the body of the spider includes stamping the body of the spider from a sheet of metal having a nominal thickness no greater than about 0.065 inches.  
   
   
       86 . The method as claimed in  claim 80 , wherein forming the body of the spider includes stamping the body of the spider from a sheet of metal having a nominal thickness no greater than about 0.055 inches.  
   
   
       87 . The method as claimed in  claim 80 , wherein forming the plurality of locations to which fan blades can be coupled includes forming a plurality of cupped lobes each defined at least in part by a radius of curvature no greater than 10 inches.  
   
   
       88 . The method as claimed in  claim 87 , wherein each cupped lobe is defined at least in part by a radius of curvature no greater than 6 inches.  
   
   
       89 . The method as claimed in  claim 87 , wherein each cupped lobe is defined at least in part by a radius of curvature between 3.5 and 5 inches.  
   
   
       90 . The method as claimed in  claim 80 , wherein forming the plurality of locations to which fan blades can be coupled includes forming a plurality of spider arms extending away from the axis of rotation, each spider arm having a twisted shape along a length of the spider arm.  
   
   
       91 . The method as claimed in  claim 80 , further comprising forming at least one embossment on the spider.  
   
   
       92 . A method of manufacturing a spider assembly, comprising: 
 forming a spider body from a sheet of metal, the spider having an axis of rotation;    forming an imbalance in the spider body about the axis of rotation, the imbalance having an amount selected to offset an anticipated imbalance of the spider assembly generated by a hub of the spider assembly;    coupling the hub to the spider body after forming the imbalance in the spider body, the hub having an imbalance and being coupled to the spider assembly in a relative orientation about the axis of rotation, the imbalance of the spider body and the imbalance of the hub substantially offsetting one another in the relative orientation of the hub and spider body about the axis of rotation to produce a balanced spider assembly.    
   
   
       93 . The method as claimed in  claim 92 , wherein forming the spider body includes stamping the spider body from the sheet of metal.  
   
   
       94 . The method as claimed in  claim 92 , wherein forming the spider body includes stamping the spider body from a sheet of metal having a nominal thickness no greater than about 0.080 inches.  
   
   
       95 . The method as claimed in  claim 92 , wherein forming the spider body includes stamping the spider body from a sheet of metal having a nominal thickness no greater than about 0.065 inches.  
   
   
       96 . The method as claimed in  claim 92 , wherein forming the spider body includes stamping the spider body from a sheet of metal having a nominal thickness no greater than about 0.055 inches.  
   
   
       97 . The method as claimed in  claim 92 , further comprising forming a plurality of cupped locations on the spider body to which fan blades can be coupled, each cupped location defined at least in part by a radius of curvature no greater than 10 inches.  
   
   
       98 . The method as claimed in  claim 97 , wherein each cupped location is defined at least in part by a radius of curvature no greater than 6 inches.  
   
   
       99 . The method as claimed in  claim 97 , wherein each cupped location is defined at least in part by a radius of curvature between 3.5 and 5 inches.  
   
   
       100 . The method as claimed in  claim 92 , further comprising forming a plurality of spider arms to which fan blades can be coupled, each spider arm extending away from the axis of rotation and having a twisted shape along a length of the spider arm.  
   
   
       101 . The method as claimed in  claim 92 , further comprising forming at least one embossment on the spider body.