Hybrid electric tool carrier

Abstract

A hybrid utility vehicle includes a tool-supporting frame and an electrical power source driven by an engine. Right and left rear wheels independently driven by permanent magnet electric motors and front wheels electrically steerable over a range of approximately 180 degrees operate under the control of a vehicle controller responsive to steering and speed input controls to provide zero turn radius operation with minimum slippage and tire scuffing. Space efficiency provided by the electric steering and an electrically driven tool deck facilitate a variety of tool mounting configurations including a rear discharge deck with a chute passing under the vehicle frame between the driven wheels. An inverter connected to the electrical power source provides 110/220 volt output. The power source also functions as a high powered, high rpm, low noise starter motor.

1 - 17 . (canceled)  
   
   
       18 . A hybrid utility vehicle including a frame for supporting one or more tools, a combustion engine supported on the frame, an electrical power source driven by the engine, right and left driven wheels, steerable wheels offset from the driven wheels, the driven wheels and steerable wheels supporting the frame for steered movement over the ground, wheel motor structure connected to the driven wheels, electrically actuated steering structure connected to the steerable wheels for moving the steerable wheel structure over a range of steered positions from a zero radius left turn position to a zero radius right turn position, an electronic controller connected to the wheel motor structure and to the steering structure, a steering control connected to the electronic controller and providing a steering input control signal to the controller, the controller responsive to the steering input control signal to operate the steering structure and control the relative speeds of the driven wheels for increased wheel traction and vehicle maneuverability and for decreased ground disturbance at the left and right zero radius turn steered positions.  
   
   
       19 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 18  wherein the driven wheels comprise rear wheels and the steerable wheel structure comprises non-driven wheels located forwardly of the rear wheels.  
   
   
       20 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 19  including a discharge chute connected to the tools, the chute extending under the frame between the rear wheels.  
   
   
       21 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 20  wherein the supported tool comprises a mower deck supported between the driven wheels and steerable wheels, the mower deck including a discharge chute extending outwardly from the frame between the rear wheels.  
   
   
       22 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 20  wherein the supported tool comprises a mower, the mower including a blade driven by an electric blade motor and connected to the electronic controller.  
   
   
       23 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 21  further including electric actuator structure connected to the mower deck for moving the mower deck relative to the frame, wherein the electric actuator structure is located between the drive wheels above the discharge chute.  
   
   
       24 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 18  wherein the electrical power source comprises an electrical power generator, wherein the generator also is operable as a starter for the combustion engine.  
   
   
       25 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 24  wherein the generator is connected to an inverter providing an output voltage generally in a range of 110 to 240 volts for powering an accessory, and further comprising a control connection between the electronic controller and the inverter.  
   
   
       26 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 24  wherein the generator drives the combustion engine at a speed greater than 600 rpm on engine start-up.  
   
   
       27 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 24  wherein the generator has an output of greater than 10 kw and provides combustion engine cranking torque of greater than 40 Nm.  
   
   
       28 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 18  wherein the electrical power source comprises an alternator connected to a bus having a bus voltage, wherein the back emf of the alternator is less than the bus voltage, and further comprising a voltage booster connected between the alternator and the bus.  
   
   
       29 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 18  wherein the one or more supported tools includes a selectively attachable cutting tool adapted for support between the steerable wheels and the driven wheels, the cutting tool having a discharge chute adapted for support in a chute location between the driven wheels, and wherein the inverter is located above the chute location.  
   
   
       30 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 29  wherein the chute location is below the frame adjacent the wheel motor structure.  
   
   
       31 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 29  wherein the cutting tool comprises a multi-blade mower driven by electric motor structure connected to the power source and to the controller.  
   
   
       32 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 18  further comprising an operator speed control connected to the electronic controller, and wherein control of the speeds of the driven wheels during vehicle turns is responsive to the operator speed control.  
   
   
       33 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 18  further comprising feedback structure connected between the steerable wheels and the electronic controller and providing a steerable wheel position indication to the controller.  
   
   
       34 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 33  wherein the feedback structure provides an initial position signal to the electronic controller at start up, the electronic controller responsive to the initial position signal to determine if the steerable wheels are in a desired position.  
   
   
       35 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 18  wherein the electrically operated steering structure is selectively removable from the steerable wheels to convert the steerable wheels to non-steered caster wheels.  
   
   
       36 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 18  comprising an operator input steering control and an operator foot pedal speed control connected to the electronic controller.  
   
   
       37 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 18  wherein the electrically operated steering structure comprises an electric steering assist motor.  
   
   
       38 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 18  wherein the electrically operated steering structure comprises a steer by wire structure.  
   
   
       39 . A utility vehicle having a frame supported for forward movement over ground by front and rear wheels, the vehicle including an engine and an electrical power source driven by the engine, drive structure connected to at least one of the wheels and powered from the engine for moving the vehicle over the ground where vegetation is present, a deck supported by the frame and extending transversely to the forward direction, the deck including cutter structure for severing the vegetation and discharge structure providing a path for the severed vegetation, characterized in that the drive structure offset to one side of the discharge structure and the discharge structure is located substantially under the frame to provide a generally unencumbered path between the deck and a discharge location offset from the frame.  
   
   
       40 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 39  wherein the cutter structure includes an electric motor supported by the deck and connected to the electrical power source, and the drive structure includes first and second electric drive motors located on opposite sides of the discharge structure.  
   
   
       41 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 40  including electrical deck positioning structure located above the discharge structure.  
   
   
       42 . The utility vehicle as set forth in  claim 39  wherein the drive structure is located on a side of the frame opposite the discharge structure.  
   
   
       43 - 51 . (canceled)