US2006101712A1PendingUtilityA1

Small off-road engine green fuel

43
Individually held — no corporate assignee on recordPriority: Nov 15, 2004Filed: Nov 15, 2004Published: May 18, 2006
Est. expiryNov 15, 2024(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Don BurnettDennis DoerrEric J. NetemeyerNancy W. EilertsRichard Riley
C10L 1/1824C10L 1/1852C10L 10/02C10L 1/023C10L 1/14
43
PatentIndex Score
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Claims

Abstract

An off-road engine fuel that may comprise less than or equal to about 1 liquid volume percent aromatic hydrocarbons according to ASTM D-1319. The fuel may comprise a specific gravity effective for employment of the fuel in 2-cyle and 4-cycle off-road engines. The fuel may further comprise a specific gravity according to ASTM D-4052 from about 0.6 to about 0.8. The fuel may comprise from about 0.5 to about 50 liquid volume percent naphthenes. The fuel may be made up of hydrocarbons having from about 4 to about 13 carbon atoms. The fuel may comprise less than or equal to about 1 liquid volume percent olefins according to ASTM D-1319; less than or equal to about 0.1 liquid volume percent benzene according to ASTM D-1319; less than or equal to about 10 ppm by weight sulfur according to ASTM D-5453; equal to or greater than about 85 liquid volume percent saturated hydrocarbons according to ASTM D-1319; or combinations thereof. The fuel may also comprise oxygenates; from about 2 liquid volume percent to about 25 liquid volume percent oxygenates.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1 . A fuel comprising less than or equal to about 1 liquid volume percent aromatic hydrocarbons according to ASTM D-1319.  
   
   
       2 . The fuel of  claim 1  further comprising a specific gravity of from about 0.6 to about 0.8 according to ASTM D-4052.  
   
   
       3 . The fuel of  claim 1  further comprising from about 0.5 to about 50 liquid volume percent naphthenes.  
   
   
       4 . The fuel of  claim 3  wherein the naphthenes comprise substituted cyclic hydrocarbons, unsubstituted cyclic hydrocarbons, or combinations thereof.  
   
   
       5 . The fuel of  claim 3  wherein the naphthenes comprise cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, or combinations thereof.  
   
   
       6 . The fuel of  claim 1  further comprising hydrocarbons having from about 4 to about 13 carbon atoms.  
   
   
       7 . The fuel of  claim 1  further comprising less than or equal to about 1 liquid volume percent olefins according to ASTM D-1319.  
   
   
       8 . The fuel of  claim 1  further comprising less than or equal to about 0.1 liquid volume percent benzene according to ASTM D-3606, D-4420, or other available chromatography method.  
   
   
       9 . The fuel of  claim 1  further comprising less than or equal to about 10 ppm by weight sulfur according to ASTM D-5453.  
   
   
       10 . The fuel of  claim 1  further comprising equal to or greater than about 85 liquid volume percent saturated hydrocarbons according to ASTM D-1319.  
   
   
       11 . The fuel of  claim 1  further comprising oxygenates.  
   
   
       12 . The fuel of  claim 11  wherein the fuel comprises from about 2 liquid volume percent to about 25 liquid volume percent oxygenates.  
   
   
       13 . The fuel of  claim 11  wherein the oxygenates comprise tert-butyl alcohol, n-butanol, methanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, TAME, DIPE, DNPE, DNBE, ethyl ether, MTBE, ethanol (EtOH), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), or combinations thereof.  
   
   
       14 . The fuel of  claim 1  further comprising from about 0.5 weight percent to about 5 weight percent oxygen.  
   
   
       15 . The fuel of  claim 1  further comprising a boiling point range of from about 90° F. to about 360° F. according to ASTM D-86.  
   
   
       16 . The fuel of  claim 1  further comprising an anti-knock index from about 82 to about 92.  
   
   
       17 . The fuel of  claim 1  further comprising a Reid Vapor Pressure appropriate for regular summer gasoline according to ASTM D-4814.  
   
   
       18 . The fuel of  claim 1  wherein emissions of benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde during engine operation are at least about 40 percent less than emissions of benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde from a reference standard fuel according to the 6 mode California Air Resources Board Small Off Road Engine test.  
   
   
       19 . The fuel of  claim 1  wherein emissions of benzene during engine operation are at least about 75 percent less than emissions of benzene from a reference standard fuel according to the 6 mode California Air Resources Board Small Off Road Engine test.  
   
   
       20 . The fuel of  claim 11  wherein emissions of 1,3-butadiene during engine operation are at least about 20 percent less than emissions of 1,3-butadiene from a reference standard fuel according to the 6 mode California Air Resources Board Small Off Road Engine test.  
   
   
       21 . The fuel of  claim 1  wherein emissions of 1,3-butadiene during operation of a 2-cycle engine are at least about 15 percent less than emissions of 1,3-butadiene from a reference standard fuel according to the 6 mode California Air Resources Board Small Off Road Engine test.  
   
   
       22 . The fuel of  claim 11  wherein emissions of particulate matter during operation of a 2-cycle engine are at least about 20 percent less than emissions of particulate matter from a reference standard fuel according to the 6 mode California Air Resources Board Small Off Road Engine test.  
   
   
       23 . The fuel of  claim 1  wherein emissions of oxides of nitrogen during operation of a 2-cycle engine are at least about 15 percent less than emissions of oxides of nitrogen from a reference standard fuel according to the 6 mode California Air Resources Board Small Off Road Engine test.  
   
   
       24 . The fuel of  claim 11  wherein the ozone formation potential of emissions during operation of a 2-cycle engine are at least about 20 percent less than the ozone formation potential of emissions from a reference standard fuel according to SAE 930142.  
   
   
       25 . The fuel of  claim 1  wherein the ozone formation potential of emissions during operation of a 2-cycle engine are at least about 10 percent less than the ozone formation potential of emissions from a reference standard fuel according to SAE 930142.  
   
   
       26 . The fuel of  claim 1  wherein the ozone formation potential of volatile organic compound emissions during refueling are at least about 5 percent less than the ozone formation potential of volatile organic compound emissions from a reference standard fuel according to SAE 930142.  
   
   
       27 . The fuel of  claim 11  wherein the ozone formation potential of emissions during engine operation are at least about 2 percent less than the ozone formation potential of emissions from a reference standard fuel according to SAE 930142.  
   
   
       28 . The fuel of  claim 11  wherein emissions of carbon monoxide during engine operation are at least about 12 percent less than emissions of carbon monoxide from a reference standard fuel according to the 6 mode California Air Resources Board Small Off Road Engine test.  
   
   
       29 . The fuel of  claim 11  wherein emissions of hydrocarbons during engine operation are at least about 1.5 percent less than emissions of a reference standard fuel according to the 6 mode California Air Resources Board Small Off Road Engine test.  
   
   
       30 . An off-road engine fuel comprising less than or equal to about 1 liquid volume percent aromatic hydrocarbons according to ASTM D-1319.

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