Composition and method for preparing novel cationic thickeners

Abstract

A composition and method for a linear or crosslinked cationic polyelectrolyte, involving copolymerization of at least one cationic monomer with at least one neutral monomer and at least one-nonionic surfactant monomer.

1 . (canceled)  
     
     
         2 - 15 . (canceled)  
     
     
         16 . A linear or crosslinked cationic polyelectrolyte composition, wherein said composition comprises copolymerization of at least one cationic monomer with at least one neutral monomer and at least one nonionic surfactant monomer.  
     
     
         17 . The composition according to  claim 16 , wherein said neutral monomer comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of: 
 a) acrylamide,    b) methacrylamide,    c) vinylpyrrolidone,    d) diacetone-acrylamide,    e) dimethylacrylamide,    f) (2-hydroxyethyl) acrylate,    g) (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) acrylate,    h) (2-hydroxyethyl) methacrylate, and    i) (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) methacrylate.    
     
     
         18 . The composition according to  claim 17 , wherein said composition further comprises an ethoxylated derivative of said component and the molecular weight of said derivative is in the range of from about 400 to about 1000.  
     
     
         19 . The composition according to  claim 16 , wherein said cationic monomer comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of: 
 a) 2,N,N,N-tetramethyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]propanammonium chloride (AMPTAC),    b) 2,N,N-trimethyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]propanammonium chloride,    c) N,N,N-trimethyl-3-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]propanammonium chloride (APTAC),    d) “diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC),    e) N,N, N-trimethyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)]ethanammonium chloride,    f) N,N,N-trimethyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-methyl-2-propenyl)]ethanammonium chloride,    g) N-[2-(dimethylamino)-1,1-dimethyl]acrylamide, N-[2-(methylamino)-1,1-dimethyl]acrylamide, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate,    h) 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate, and    i) N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]acrylamide.    
     
     
         20 . The composition according to  claim 16 , wherein said nonionic surfactant monomers are represented by at least one formula selected from the group consisting of:  
         a) A-C(═C)—O—[(CH 2 —CH(R 1 )—O] n —R  (I)  b) R′—[O—CH(R 1 ′)—CH 2 ] n —O—(O═)C-A′-C(═O)—O—[(CH 2 —CH(R 1 )—O] n R  (I′)  wherein said n and said n′ each are in the range of from about 1 to about 50;    wherein said A is an unsaturated aliphatic monovalent radical comprising from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms;    wherein said A′ is an unsaturated aliphatic divalent radical comprising from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms;    wherein said R 1  and said R′ 1  each comprise at least one at least one component selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a methyl radical, and an ethyl radical;    wherein said R and said R′ each comprise an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which is saturated, unsaturated, linear, or branched; and    wherein said aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals of said R and said R′ each further comprise from about a to about 30 carbon atoms.    
     
     
         21 . The composition according to  claim 20 , wherein said A comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of: 
 a) vinyl radical, and    b) 2-propenyl radical.    
     
     
         22 . The composition according to  claim 20 , wherein said A′ comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of: 
 a) 1,2-ethenediyl radical, and    b) 2-propene-1,2-diyl radical.    
     
     
         23 . The composition according to  claim 20 , wherein said aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals of said R and said R′ each comprise from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms.  
     
     
         24 . The composition according to  claim 20 , wherein said R and said R′ each comprise at least one linear primary alcohol selected from the group consisting of: 
 a) octyl,    b) pelargonic,    c) decyl,    d) undecyl,    e) undecenyl,    f) lauryl,    g) tridecyl,    h) myristyl,    i) pentadecyl,    i) cetyl,    k) heptadecyl,    l) stearyl,    m) oleyl,    n) linoleyl,    o) nonadecyl,    p) arachidyl,    q) behenyl, and    r) erucyl.    
     
     
         25 . The composition according to  claim 20 , wherein said R and said R′ each comprise at least one 1-triacontenoic alcohol selected from the group consisting of: 
 a) octyl,    b) nonyl,    c) decyl,    d) undecyl,    e) 10-undecenyl,    f) dodecyl,    g) tridecyl,    h) tetradecyl,    i) pentadecyl,    j) hexadecyl,    k) heptadecyl,    i) octadecyl,    m) octadecenyl,    n) 10,12-octadecadienyl,    o) 13-docosenyl, and    p) triacontanyl radicals.    
     
     
         26 . The composition according to  claim 20 , wherein said R 1  and R′ 1  each further comprise a hydrogen atom.  
     
     
         27 . The composition according to  claim 20 , wherein said n and n′ each comprise a range of from about 1 to about 10.  
     
     
         28 . The composition according to  claim 16 , wherein said composition comprises: 
 a) from about 5% to about 35% of said cationic monomer;    b) from about 55% to about 95% of said neutral monomer; and    c) from about 0.1% to about 5% of said nonionic surfactant monomer,    wherein said percentages of each monomer are expressed in terms of monomeric units.    
     
     
         29 . The composition according to  claim 28 , wherein said composition further comprises a non-zero proportion of N-[2-hydroxy-1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]propenamide monomer.  
     
     
         30 . The composition according to  claim 29 , wherein said composition comprises: 
 a) from about 5% to about 35% of a cationic monomer;    b) from about 35% to about 91% of a neutral monomer;    c) from about 0.1% to about 5% of a nonionic surfactant monomer; and    d) from about 3% to about 20% of a N-[2-hydroxy-1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]propenamide monomer,    wherein said percentages of each monomer are expressed in terms of monomeric units.    
     
     
         31 . The composition according to  claim 30 , wherein said composition is not crosslinked.  
     
     
         32 . The composition according to  claim 30 , wherein said composition is crosslinked.  
     
     
         33 . The composition according to  claim 32 , wherein said crosslinked agent is selected from the group consisting of: 
 a) diethylene,    b) polyethylenic compounds,    c) diallyloxyacetic acid,    d) sodium salt,    e) triallylamine,    f) trimethylol propanetriacrylate,    g) ethylene glycol dimethacrylate,    h) diethylene glycol diacrylate    i) diallylurea, and    j) methylene bis(acrylamide).    
     
     
         34 . The composition according to  claim 33 , wherein the molar proportion of said crosslinked agent is in the range of from about 0.005% to about 1% of the total composition.  
     
     
         35 . The composition according to  claim 34 , wherein said proportion is in the range of from about 0.01% to about 0.2%.  
     
     
         36 . The composition according to  claim 35 , wherein said proportion is in the range of from about 0.01% to about 0.1%.  
     
     
         37 . The composition according to  claim 18 , wherein said composition may be utilized for at least one function selected from the group consisting of: 
 a) a thickener or an emulsifier for cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulations;    b) a thickener or an emulsifier for printing pastes for the textile industry;    c) a thickener or ran emulsifier for industrial or household detergents;    d) an additive for the petroleum industry; and    e) a rheology modifier for drilling mud.    
     
     
         38 . The composition according to  claim 16 , wherein said formulation comprise hair care products.  
     
     
         39 . A method for preparing a linear or crosslinked cationic polyelectrolyte composition comprising copolymerizing at least one cationic monomer with at least one neutral monomer and at least one nonionic surfactant monomer.  
     
     
         40 . A method for preparing a self-reversible invert latex comprising the steps of: 
 a) emulsifying monomers in an aqueous solution in the presence of at least one water-in-oil type emulsifying agent and a nonionic surfactant monomer;    b) initiating a polymerization reaction by introducing an emulsion formed in step i) and a free radical initiator; and    c) introducing at least one oil-in-water type emulsifying agent when the polymerization reaction is complete.    
     
     
         41 . The method according to  claim 40 , wherein said method further comprises emulsifying additives.  
     
     
         42 . The method according to  claim 40 , wherein said method further comprises adding a coinitiator.  
     
     
         43 . The method according to  claim 40 , wherein the step of introducing at least one oil-in-water type emulsifying agent occurs at a temperature of less than about 50° C.  
     
     
         44 . The method according to  claim 40 , wherein step (ii) further comprises distillation before introducing at least one oil-in-water type emulsifying agent.  
     
     
         45 . The method according to  claim 40 , wherein said polymerization reaction is initiated by an oxidation-reduction pair generating hydrogen sulphite ions (HSO 3   − ).  
     
     
         46 . The method according to  claim 45 , wherein said hydrogen sulphite ions (HSO 3   − ) comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of: 
 a) cumene hydroperoxide-sodium metabisulphite (Na 2 S 2 O 5 ) pair; and    b) cumene hydroperoxide-thionyl-chloride (SOCl 2 ) pair.