Devices with multiple surface functionality

Abstract

Phosphorus-based coatings having a plurality of phosphate moieties, a plurality of phosphonate moieties, or both, covalently bonded to an oxide surface of an implantable substrate exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics: (a) the surface phosphorus-containing group density of the coated regions of the substrate is at least about 0.1 nmol/cm 2 ; (b) the phosphorus-based coating has a thickness of less than about 10 nm; or (c) the surface phosphorus-containing group density of the coated regions of the substrate is equal to or greater than the surface hydroxyl group density of the oxide surface of the substrate. Implantable devices embodying the coated substrates are also disclosed.

1 . A phosphorus-based coating comprising a plurality of phosphate moieties, a plurality of phosphonate moieties, or both, covalently bonded to an oxide surface of an implantable substrate exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics: 
 (a) the surface phosphorus-containing group density of the coated regions of said substrate is at least about 0.1 nmol/cm 2 ;    (b) the phosphorus-based coating has a thickness of less than about 10 nm; and    (c) the surface phosphorus-containing group density of the coated regions of said substrate is equal to or greater than the surface hydroxyl group density of the oxide surface of said substrate.    
     
     
         2 . The phosphorus-based coating of  claim 1  wherein the surface phosphorus-containing group density is at least about 0.5 nmol/cm 2 .  
     
     
         3 . The phosphorus-based coating of  claim 1 , wherein the phosphorus-based coating comprises a surface phosphorus-containing group density of at least about 0.8 nmol/cm 2 .  
     
     
         4 . A phosphorus-based coating comprising a plurality of phosphate moieties, a plurality of phosphonate moieties, or both, covalently bonded to an oxide surface of an implantable substrate exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics: 
 (a) the surface phosphorus-containing group density of the coated regions of said substrate is at least about 0.1 nmol/cm 2 ;    (b) the phosphorus-based coating has a thickness of less than about 100 nm; and    (c) the surface phosphorus-containing group density of the coated regions of said substrate is equal to or greater than the surface hydroxyl group density of the oxide surface of said substrate.    
     
     
         5 . The phosphorus-based coating of  claim 1  wherein the phosphorus-based coating has a thickness of less than about 5 nm.  
     
     
         6 . The phosphorus-based coating of  claim 1  wherein the phosphorus-based coating has a thickness of less than about 3 nm.  
     
     
         7 . The phosphorus-based coating of  claim 1  wherein the phosphorus-based coating has a thickness of less than about 2 nm.  
     
     
         8 . The phosphorus-based coating of  claim 1 , wherein the phosphorus-based coating has a thickness of about 1.5 nm.  
     
     
         9 . The phosphorus-based coating of  claim 1 , wherein the phosphorus-based coating comprises a surface phosphorus-containing group density of at least about 1.3 times the surface hydroxyl group density of the oxide surface of the implantable substrate.  
     
     
         10 . The phosphorus-based coating of  claim 1 , wherein the phosphorus-based coating comprises a surface phosphorus-containing group density of at least about 2 times the surface hydroxyl group density of the oxide surface of the implantable substrate.  
     
     
         11 . The phosphorus-based coating of  claim 1 , wherein the phosphorus-based coating is cell resistant.  
     
     
         12 . The phosphorus-based coating of  claim 1 , wherein: 
 the phosphorus-based coating has a first, inner surface and a second, outer surface, the first, inner surface being defined by the phosphate moieties, the phosphonate moieties, or both, being bonded to the oxide surface of the implantable substrate; and    the second, outer surface exhibiting functional groups at a position remote to the phosphate moieties, the phosphonate moieties, or both, said functional groups comprising hydroxyl groups, phosphonate groups, phosphate groups, amino groups, thiol groups, carboxylate groups, carboxylic acid groups or a combination or a derivative thereof.    
     
     
         13 . A phosphorus-based coating comprising a plurality of phosphate moieties, a plurality of phosphonate moieties, or both, bonded to an oxide surface of an implantable substrate wherein: 
 the surface phosphorus-containing group density of the coated regions of said substrate is at least about 0.25 nmol/cm 2 ;    the phosphorus-based coating comprises a surface phosphorus-containing group density of at least about 1.3 times the surface hydroxyl group density of the oxide surface of the implantable substrate; and    the phosphorus-based coating has a thickness of less than about 5 nm.    
     
     
         14 . The phosphorus-based coating of  claim 13 , wherein: 
 the surface phosphorus-containing group density of the coated regions of said substrate is at least about 0.5 nmol/cm 2 ;    the phosphorus-based coating comprises a surface phosphorus-containing group density of at least about 2 times the surface hydroxyl group density of the oxide surface of the implantable substrate, and    the phosphorus-based coating has a thickness of not more than about 2 nm.    
     
     
         15 . An implantable device comprising a phosphorus-based coating according to  claim 1 .  
     
     
         16 . The implantable device of  claim 15 , wherein the phosphorus-based coating is bound to the oxide surface of the implant to attain a shear strength of at least about 20 MPa.  
     
     
         17 . The implantable device of  claim 15 , wherein the phosphorus-based coating is bound to the oxide surface of the implant to attain a shear strength of at least about 40 MPa.  
     
     
         18 . The implantable device of  claim 15 , wherein the phosphorus-based coating is bound to the oxide surface of the implant to attain a shear strength of at least about 50 MPa.  
     
     
         19 . The implantable device of  claim 15 , wherein the phosphorus-based coating is bound to the oxide surface of the implant to attain a tensile strength of at least about 60 MPa.  
     
     
         20 . The implantable device of  claim 15 , wherein the phosphorus-based coating is bound to the oxide surface of the implant to attain a tensile strength of at least about 80 MPa.  
     
     
         21 . The phosphorus-based coating of  claim 12 , wherein the second, outer surface exhibits functional groups at a position omega to the phosphate moieties, the phosphonate moieties, or both, said functional groups comprising hydroxyl groups, phosphonate groups, phosphate groups, amino groups, thiol groups, carboxylate groups or a combination or a derivative thereof.  
     
     
         22 . An implantable device comprising a phosphorus-based coating according to  claim 12 .  
     
     
         23 . The phosphorus-based coating of  claim 13 , wherein the outer surface of the coating exhibits functional groups at a position remote to the phosphate moieties, the phosphonate moieties, or both, said functional groups comprising hydroxyl groups, phosphonate groups, phosphate groups, amino groups, thiol groups, carboxylate groups or a combination or a derivative thereof.  
     
     
         24 . The implantable device of  claim 15  selected from the group consisting of vascular devices, artificial hearts and heart assist devices, orthopedic devices, dental devices, drug delivery devices, ophthalmic devices, urological devices, catheters, neurological devices, neurostimulation devices, electrostimulation devices, electrosensing devices and synthetic prostheses.  
     
     
         25 . The implantable device of  claim 24 , wherein the vascular device is selected from the group consisting of grafts, stents, stent grafts, catheters, valves, artificial hearts and pacemakers.  
     
     
         26 . The implantable device of  claim 24 , wherein the orthopedic device is selected from the group consisting of a fracture repair device and artificial tendon.  
     
     
         27 . The implantable device of  claim 24 , wherein the ophthalmic device is a glaucoma drain shunt.  
     
     
         28 . The implantable device of  claim 24 , wherein the urological device is selected from the group consisting of a penile, sphincter, urethral, bladder devices and renal devices  
     
     
         29 . The implantable device of  claim 24 , wherein the synthetic prostheses is selected from the group consisting of breast prostheses and artificial organs.  
     
     
         30 . The implantable device of  claim 24 , wherein the device is selected from the group consisting of dialysis tubing and membranes, blood oxygenator tubing and membranes, blood bags, sutures, membranes, cell culture devices, chromatographic support materials, biosensors, anastomotic connector, surgical instruments, angioplasty balloons, wound drains, shunts, tubing, urethral inserts, blood oxygenator pumps, and wound tubing.  
     
     
         31 . The implantable device of  claim 24 , wherein the device is selected from the group consisting of electrical stimulation leads, brain tissue stimulators, central nerve stimulators, peripheral nerve stimulators, spinal cord nerve stimulators and sacral nerve stimulators.  
     
     
         32 . A device comprising one or more surfaces comprising a coating of  claim 1 .  
     
     
         33 . An implantable device wherein at least a portion of the oxide surface of said device is bonded to a phosphorus-based coating comprising a plurality of phosphate moieties, a plurality of phosphonate moieties, or both, exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics: (a) the surface phosphorus-containing group density of the coated portions of said device is at least about 0.1 nmol/cm 2 ; (b) the phosphorus-based coating has a thickness of less than about 100 nm; and (c) the surface phosphorus-containing group density of the coated regions of said substrate is equal to or greater than the surface hydroxyl group density of the oxide surface of said substrate.  
     
     
         34 . The implantable device of  claim 33  wherein: 
 the phosphorus-based coating comprises a surface phosphorus-containing group density of at least about 0.5 nmol/cm 2 ; and    the phosphorus-based coating comprises a surface phosphorus-containing group density of at least about 1.3 times the surface hydroxyl group density of the oxide surface of the implantable substrate.    the phosphorus-based coating has a thickness of less than about 10 nm;    
     
     
         35 . The implantable device of  claim 15 , wherein the substrate is a metallic substrate.  
     
     
         36 . The implantable device of  claim 35 , wherein the substrate is titanium or an alloy thereof.