Macrocyclic metal complexes and their use for the production of conjugates with biomolecules

Abstract

The invention relates to macrocyclic metal complexes and their production and use for the production of conjugates with biomolecules. The conjugates are suitable as contrast media in NMR diagnosis and radiodiagnosis as well as for radiotherapy. High relaxivity is achieved by a special liganding of macrocyclic compounds, and a fine-tuning of the relaxivity is made possible.

1 . Compounds of formula I  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which 
 Z represents a hydrogen atom or at least two Z's represent a metal ion equivalent,  
 B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4  are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atoms and C 1-4 -alkyl radicals,  
 R 1 , R 2 , R 3  are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atoms and straight, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated C 1-10 -alkyl or aryl radicals, which optionally are substituted with a carboxyl group —SO 3 H or —PO 3 H 2 , and whereby the alkyl chains of the C 1-10 -alkyl radicals optionally contain an aryl group and/or 1-2 oxygen atoms, provided that at least one of the radicals B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4 , R 1 , R 2  and R 3  does not represent a hydrogen atom,  
 A represents a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated C 1-30 -hydrocarbon chain that optionally contains 1-5 oxygen atoms, 1-5 nitrogen atoms and/or 1-5 —NR′ radicals, in which R′ is defined as R 1 , R 2  and R 3  but can be selected independently, which optionally is substituted with 1-3 carboxyl groups, 1-3 —SO 3 H, 1-3 —PO 3 H 2  and/or 1-3 halogen atoms, in which optionally 1-3 carbon atoms are present as carbonyl groups, whereby the chain or a portion of the chain can be arranged concentrically, and which is configured in such a way that X is connected via at least 3 atoms to the nitrogen to which A is bonded, and  
 X represents a group that can participate in a reaction with a biomolecule, as well as their salts, provided that  
 a) If B 1 , B 2 , B 3  and B 4  are hydrogen atoms and R 1 , R 2  and R 3  are —CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 H, A-X together are not —CH(CO 2 H)CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 H,  
 b) If B 1 , B 2 , B 3  and B 4  are hydrogen atoms and R 1 , R 2  and R 3  are methyl or R 1 , R 2  and R 3  are ethyl radicals, which optionally are substituted with a carboxy group, A does not represent the radical —CH(R 7 )—CO—NR 5 U 6 —, in which R 5  stands for a hydrogen atom, a methyl or an ethyl radical, which optionally is substituted with 1 carboxy group, R 7  stands for a straight-chain, branched, saturated or unsaturated C 1 -C 30 -alkyl chain, which optionally is interrupted by 1-10 oxygen atoms, I phenylene group, or 1-phenylenoxy group, and/or optionally is substituted by 1-5 hydroxy groups, 1-3 carboxy groups or 1 phenyl group, and U 6  stands for a straight-chain, branched, saturated or unsaturated C 1 -C 20 -alkylene group that contains 1-5 imino groups, 1-3 phenylene groups, 1-3 phenylenoxy groups, 1-3 phenylenimino groups, 1-5 amide groups, 1-2 hydrazide groups, 1-5 carbonyl groups, 1-5 ethylenoxy groups, 1 urea group, 1 thiourea group, 1-2 carboxyalkylimino groups, 1-2 ester groups, 1-10 oxygen atoms, 1-5 sulfur atoms and/or 1-5 nitrogen atoms and/or is optionally substituted by 1-5 hydroxy groups, 1-2 mercapto groups, 1-5 oxo groups, 1-5 thioxo groups, 1-3 carboxy groups, 1-5 carboxyalkyl groups, 1-5 ester groups and/or 1-3 amino groups, whereby the optionally contained phenylene groups can be substituted by 1-2 carboxy groups, 1-2 sulfone groups or 1-2 hydroxy groups, and  
 c) If B 1 , B 2 , B 3  and B 4  are hydrogen atoms and R 1 , R 2  and R 3  represent the same C 1-4 -alkyl radical, A does not represent the radical  
                     
 in which R 6  is a hydrogen atom or a C 1-4 -alkyl radical, D is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched C 1-4 -alkylene group, which optionally can be interrupted or substituted with a carbonyl group, and D is bonded to X.  
 
     
     
         2 . Compounds according to  claim 1 , in which R 1 , R 2  and R 3  are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atoms, straight-chain or branched C 1-10 -alkyl radicals, cyclohexyl radicals, —CH 2 —COOH, —C(CH 3 ) 2 —COOH, phenyl radicals or radicals of formula —(CH 2 ) m —(O) n -(phenylene) p -Y, in which m is an integer from 1 to 5, n is 0 or 1, p is 0 or 1, and y represents a hydrogen atom, a methoxy radical, a carboxyl group, —SO 3 H or —PO 3 H 2 .  
     
     
         3 . Compounds according to  claim 2 , in which if B 1 , B 2 , B 3  and B 4  are hydrogen atoms, R 1 , R 2  and R 3  are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atoms, isopropyl radicals, isobutyl radicals, tert-butyl radicals, straight-chain or branched C 5-10 -alkyl radicals, cyclohexyl radicals, —CH 2 —COOH, —C(CH 3 ) 2 —COOH, phenyl radicals or radicals of formula —(CH 2 ) m —(O) n -(phenylene) p -Y, in which m is an integer from 1 to 5, n is 0 or 1, p is 0 or 1, and Y represents a hydrogen atom, a methoxy radical, a carboxyl group, —SO 3 H or —PO 3 H 2 , provided that at least one of the radicals R 1 , R 2  and R 3  does not represent a hydrogen atom.  
     
     
         4 . Compounds according to  claim 3 , in which if B 1 , B 2 , B 3  and B 4  are hydrogen atoms, R 1 , R 2  and R 3  are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atoms, isopropyl, cyclohexyl or phenyl radicals, provided that at least one of the radicals R 1 , R 2  and R 3  does not represent a hydrogen atom.  
     
     
         5 . Compounds according to  claim 1 , in which A represents a radical A′-U, in which A′ is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the macrocyclic ring and U is bonded to X, and whereby A′ represents 
 a) A bond,    b) —CH(CO 2 H)—,    c) a group of formula                        in which Q represents a hydrogen atom, a C 1-10 -alkyl radical, which optionally is substituted with a carboxyl group, or an aryl radical, which optionally is substituted with a carboxyl group, a C 1-15 -alkoxy group, an aryloxy group or a halogen atom, and R′ is defined as R 1 , R 2  and R 3  in  claim 1 , but can be selected independently, or      d) a group of formula                          in which o is 0 or 1, and the ring optionally is annellated with a benzene ring, whereby this benzene ring, if present, can be substituted with a methoxy or carboxyl group, —SO 3 H or —PO 3 H 2 , whereby in the groups under c) and d), the positions that are marked                          are bonded to the adjacent groups, and in which position α is bonded to a nitrogen atom of the macrocyclic ring and position β is bonded to U, and 
 U represents a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated C 1-30 -hydrocarbon chain that optionally contains 1-3 oxygen atoms, 1-3 nitrogen atoms and/or 1-3 —NR″ radicals, in which R″ is defined as R 1 , R 2  and R 3  in  claim 1  but can be selected independently, and in which optionally 1-3 carbon atoms are present as carbonyl groups, whereby the chain or a portion of the chain can be arranged concentrically, provided that A′ and U together are configured in such a way that X is bonded via at least 3 atoms with the nitrogen atom to which A′ is bonded.  
   
     
     
         6 . Compounds according to  claim 5 , in which for A′, the group of formula  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         is selected from —C(CH 3 )H—CO—NH—, —C(phenyl)H—CO—NH— and —C(p-dodecanoxyphenyl)H—CO—NH—.  
       
     
     
         7 . Compounds according to  claim 5 , in which for A′, the group of formula  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         is selected from:  
         
           
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
         
         whereby R 4  is —OCH 3 , —CO 2 —H, —SO 3 H or —PO 3 H 2 .  
       
     
     
         8 . Compounds according to  claim 5 , in which U is selected from 
 —CH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 5 —, —(CH 2 ) 10 —, -phenylene-O—CH 2 —, -phenylene-O—(CH 2 ) 3 —, -phenylene-O—(CH 2 ) 10 —, —CH 2 -phenylene-, -cyclohexylene-O—CH 2 —, -phenylene-, —C(phenyl)H—, —CH 2 -pyridylene-O—CH 2 —, —CH 2 -pyridylene- and —CH 2 —CO—NH—CH 2 —CH 2 —   
     
     
         9 . Compounds according to  claim 1 , in which X is selected from the group that consists of carboxyl, activated carboxyl, amino, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, hydrazine, semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide, chloroacetamide, bromoacetamide, iodoacetamide, acylamino, mixed anhydrides, azide, hydroxide, sulfonyl chloride, carbodiimide and radicals of formulas  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which Hal is a halogen atom.  
     
     
         10 . Compounds according to  claim 9 , in which the activated carboxyl group is selected from  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         11 . 10-(4-Carboxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-3-azabutyl)-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-trimethyl-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-(4-carboxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-3-azabutyl) 1,4,7-α,α′,α″-tris(isopropyl)-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-(4-carboxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-3-azabutyl)-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-tris(cyclohexyl)-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-(4-(t-butoxycarbonyl-1-phenyl-2-oxo-3-azabutyl)-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-trimethyl-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[α-(4-(ethoxycarbonylmethoxy)phenyl)-methoxycarbonylmethyl]-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-trimethyl-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[α-(4-(ethoxycarbonylpropoxy)phenyl)-methoxycarbonylmethyl]-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-trimethyl-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[α-(4-ethoxycarbonyldecyloxy)phenyl)-methoxycarbonylmethyl]-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-trimethyl-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-(p-carboxybenzyl)-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-trimethyl-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-(p-carboxybenzyl)-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-tris(isopropyl)-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-(p-carboxybenzyl)-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-tris(cyclohexyl)-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-(p-carboxybenzyl)-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-triphenyl-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-(4-(t-butoxycarbony-1-phenyl-2-oxo-3-azabutyl)-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-triphenyl-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-(4-carboxy-2-oxo-3-azabutyl)-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-tris(isopropyl)-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-(4-carboxy-2-oxo-3-azabutyl)-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-tris(cyclohexyl)-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-(4-carboxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-3-azabutyl)-2,5,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-tri-tert-butyl ester, 10-[8-(N-maleimido)-1-methyl-2,5-dioxo-3,6-diazaoctyl]-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-tris-(isopropyl)-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane and 10-[8-(N-maleimido)-1-methyl-2,5-dioxo-3,6-diazaoctyl]-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-tris(cyclohexyl) 1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[1-(carboxymethyl)-2-oxo-pyrrolidin-3-yl]-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-trimethyl-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[1-(carboxymethyl)-2-oxo-pyrrolidin-3-yl]-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-tris(isopropyl)-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[1-(carboxymethyl)-2-oxo-pyrrolidin-3-yl]-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-tris(cyclohexyl)-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxo-pyrrolidin-3-yl]-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-trimethyl-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxo-pyrrolidin-3-yl]-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-tris(isopropyl)-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxo-pyrrolidin-3-yl]-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-tris(cyclohexyl)-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[1-(carboxymethyl)-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl]-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-trimethyl-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[1-(carboxymethyl)-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl]-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-tris(isopropyl)-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[1-(carboxymethyl)-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl]-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-tris(cyclohexyl)-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl]-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-trimethyl-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl]-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-tris(isopropyl)-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxo-piperidin-3-yl]-1,4,7-α,α′,α″-tris(cyclohexyl)-1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[4-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-3-azabutyl]-1,7-α,α′-dimethyl-1,7-bis(t-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-4-α-isopropyl-4-benzyloxycarbonylmethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[4-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-3-azabutyl]-1,7-α,α′-diisopropyl-1,7-bis(t-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-4-α-methyl-4-benzyloxycarbonylmethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[4-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-3-azabutyl]-1,7-α,α′-dimethyl-1,7-bis(t-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-4-α-cyclohexyl-4-benzyloxycarbonylmethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[α-(4-(ethoxycarbonylmethoxy)phenyl)-methoxycarbonylmethyl]-1,7-α,α′-dimethyl-1,7-bis(t-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-4-α-isopropyl-4-benzyloxycarbonylmethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[4-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-2-oxo-3-azabutyl]-1,7-α-α′-diisopropyl-1,7-bis(t-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-4-α-methyl-4-benzyloxycarbonylmethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 10-[4-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-2-oxo-3-azabutyl]-1,7-α-α′-dimethyl-1,7-bis(t-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-4-α-cyclohexyl-4-benzyloxycarbonylmethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane.  
     
     
         12 . Compounds according to  claim 1 , in which at least two of radicals Z stand for a metal ion equivalent of a radioactive or paramagnetic element of atomic numbers 21-29, 31, 32, 37-39, 42-44, 46, 47, 49, 58-71, 75, 77, 82 or 83.  
     
     
         13 . Use of the compounds of formula I  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which Z, B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , A and X are defined as in  claim 1 , provided that at least one of the B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4 , R 1 , R 2  and R 3  does not represent a hydrogen atom and if B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4  are hydrogen atoms and R 1 , R 2 , R 3  represent the same C 1-4 -alkyl radicals, A does not represent the radical  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which R 6  is a hydrogen atom or a C 1-4 -alkyl radical, D is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched C 1-4 -alkylene group, which optionally is interrupted or substituted with a carbonyl group, and D is bonded to X, for the production of a conjugate with a biomolecule.  
     
     
         14 . Use according to  claim 13 , in which the biomolecule is selected from the group that consists of biopolymers, proteins, synthetically modified biopolymers, carbohydrates, antibodies, DNA and RNA fragments, β-amino acids, vector amines for transfer into the cell, biogenic amines, pharmaceutical agents, oncological preparations, synthetic polymers, which are directed to a biological target, steroids, prostaglandins, taxol and derivatives thereof, endothelins, alkaloids, folic acid and derivatives thereof, bioactive lipids, fats, fatty acid esters, synthetically modified mono-, di- and triglycerides, liposomes, which are derivatized on the surface, micelles that consist of natural fatty acids or perfluoroalkyl compounds, porphyrins, texaphrines, expanded porphyrins, cytochromes, inhibitors, neuramidases, neuropeptides, immunomodulators, endoglycosidases, substrates that are attacked by the enzymes calmodulin kinase, casein-kinase II, glutathione-S-transferase, heparinase, matrix-metalloproteases, β-insulin-receptor-kinase, UDP-galactose 4-epimerase, fucosidases, G-proteins, galactosidases, glycosidases, glycosyltransferases and xylosidase, antibiotics, vitamins and vitamin analogs, hormones, DNA intercalators, nucleosides, nucleotides, lectins, vitamin B12, Lewis-X and related substances, psoralens, dienetriene antibiotics, carbacyclins, VEGF, somatostatin and derivatives thereof, biotin derivatives, antihormones, tumor-specific proteins and synthetic agents, polymers that accumulate in acidic or basic areas of the body, myoglobins, apomyoglobins, neurotransmitter peptides, tumor necrosis factors, peptides that accumulate in inflamed tissues, blood-pool reagents, anion and cation-transporter proteins, polyesters, polyamides and polyphosphates.  
     
     
         15 . Process for the production of compounds of formula I  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which Z, B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , A and X are defined as in  claim 1 , provided that at least one of the B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4 , R 1 , R 2  and R 3  does not represent a hydrogen atom and if B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4  are hydrogen atoms and R 1 , R 2 , R 3  represent the same C 1-4 -alkyl radicals, A does not represent the radical  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which R 6  is a hydrogen atom or a C 1-4 -alkyl radical, D is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched C 1-4 -alkylene group, which optionally is interrupted or substituted with a carbonyl group, and D is bonded to X, in which a compound of formula II  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which B 1 , B 2 , B 3  and B 4  are defined as in  claim 1 , is optionally reacted with Nu-A-X′, Nu-CH(R 1 )—CO 2 -Z′, Nu-CH(R 2 )—CO 2 -Z′ and Nu-CH(R 3 )—CO 2 -Z′ optionally after protective groups for the nitrogen atoms are introduced, whereby A and R 1 , R 2  and R 3  are defined as in  claim 1 , and Nu is a nucleofuge, X′ stands for X or a protected form of X, and X is defined as in  claim 1 , and Z′ stands for a hydrogen atom, a metal ion equivalent or a protective group for carboxyl, then the optionally present protective groups are removed, and, if desired, reacted in a way that is known in the art with at least one metal oxide or metal salt of a desired element and optionally then still present acid hydrogen atoms are completely or partially substituted in the thus obtained complexes by cations of inorgnaic and/or organic bases, amino acids or amino acid amides.