Structural wood elements and system that can be constructed therefrom

Abstract

A system of structural wood elements has blocks that have grooves on bases and tongues on tops for superimposing the blocks. A lateral element fixed to one side of the blocks is thinner and longer than the blocks. Opposite ends of the lateral element are fixed to the topmost top and bottommost base of the blocks

1 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements for building of structures, especially of walls, wall sections, floors, ceilings, etc., consisting of central blocks ( 01 ,  04 ) having a parallelepiped structure, in which the base is formed by a groove and the upper part by a tongue, to the surfaces of these blocks are applied lateral elements ( 02 ,  05 ) with thickness less than the thickness of the central block, to which are applied lining elements ( 03 ,  06 ), so as to define means of assembly to other structural elements ( 100 ), characterized in that the lateral elements ( 02 ,  05 ) while having the same useful height as the lining elements ( 03 ,  06 ) are of shorter length than latter.  
   
   
       2 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the useful height of the central block ( 01 ) ( 04 ) corresponds to half the useful height of the lateral element ( 02 ) ( 05 ).  
   
   
       3 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claims  1  and  2 , characterized in that the central block ( 01 ) is glued and secured to the upper half of the inner surface of the lateral element ( 02 ).  
   
   
       4 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claims  1  and  2 , characterized in that the central block ( 04 ) is glued and secured to the lower half of the inner surface of the lateral element ( 05 ).  
   
   
       5 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claims  1 ,  2 ,  3  and  4 , characterized in that the groove of the lower lengthwise edge of the central block ( 01 ) engages with the tongue of the upper lengthwise edge of the central block ( 04 ) when the structural element ( 100   a ) is assembled with the structural element ( 100   b ).  
   
   
       6 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the lateral element ( 02 ) is spaced regularly along the lining element ( 03 ), being secured to the inner surface of the latter by its outer surface, and the lateral element ( 05 ) is spaced regularly along the lining element ( 06 ), being secured to the inner surface of the latter by its outer surface.  
   
   
       7 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 1 , characterized on the one hand in that the dimensions of the central block ( 04 ) are less in height and in length than those of the lateral element ( 05 ), so that after securing of the central block ( 04 ) to a lower portion of the inner surface of the lateral element ( 05 ), by positioning of the anchoring elements used ( 08 ) from the lateral element ( 05 ) toward the central block ( 04 ), one can secure this assembly of central block ( 04 ) and lateral element ( 05 ) to the lining element ( 06 ) by utilizing the available spaces of the inner surface of the lateral element ( 05 ) located above and to the sides of the central block ( 04 ) to accommodate the fixation elements ( 08 ), which are oriented from the lateral element ( 05 ) to the lining element ( 06 ). The procedure is similar for the central block ( 01 ) with the difference that this is secured on an upper portion of the inner surface of the lateral element ( 02 ), and on the other hand in that the direction and the location of the fixation elements ( 08 ) are such that they are not visible after the construction is complete.  
   
   
       8 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 1 , characterized in that, on the one hand, the base of the central block ( 01 ) is leveled at the center of the height of the lateral element ( 02 ) and the lining element ( 03 ), and on the other hand the upper part of the central block ( 04 ) is leveled at the center of the height of the lateral element ( 05 ) and the lining element ( 06 ), so that when the structural element ( 100   a ) is assembled on the structural element ( 100   b ) all the component parts of the structural element ( 100 ) are leveled on top and at bottom.  
   
   
       9 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 1 , characterized in that, for a simple and quick fabrication, as well as an optimal utilization of the materials, the lateral element ( 02 ,  05 ) of very short length can be identical in its profile to that of the lining element ( 03 ,  06 ).  
   
   
       10 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the useful height of the two central blocks ( 01 ,  04 ) can be different, but the useful height of the central block ( 04 ) added to the useful height of the central block ( 01 ) should be equal to the useful height of the lateral elements ( 02 ,  05 ) and to the useful height of the lining elements ( 03 ,  06 ).  
   
   
       11 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the vertical perforations ( 07 ) of the central blocks ( 01 ,  04 ) can be replaced by vertical grooves; these are made vertically in the surfaces of the central blocks ( 01 ,  04 ) that are not secured to the lateral elements ( 02 ,  05 ). These vertical grooves for replacement of the perforations are also applicable to the perforations ( 13 ,  33 ,  34 ).  
   
   
       12 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 11 , characterized on the one hand in that the vertical grooves made in the surfaces of the central blocks ( 01 ,  04 ) to replace the perforations ( 07 ) are vertically lined up when assembling the central block ( 01 ) belonging to the structural element ( 100   a ) onto the central block ( 04 ) belonging to the structural element ( 100   b ), and on the other hand in that these grooves allow for the passage of fixation elements.  
   
   
       13 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the central blocks ( 01 ,  04 ) can be fabricated and placed in position of “lying wood” or “standing wood”. This applies to all the central blocks.  
   
   
       14 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 1 , characterized in that, on the one hand, the central block ( 01 ) remains placed against the inner surface of the lateral element ( 05 ) on its upper half and, on the other hand, the central block ( 04 ) remains placed against the inner surface of the lateral element ( 02 ) on its lower half when the structural element ( 100   a ) is placed on top of the structural element ( 100   b ).  
   
   
       15 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the central block ( 26 ,  32 ) has in one of its ends and situated in its base a recess ( 35 ) perpendicular to the block, with a profile identical to the groove and to the tongue of the central block.  
   
   
       16 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 15 , characterized by the fitting of the upper tongue of the central block ( 32 ) into the recess ( 35 ) of the central block ( 26 ).  
   
   
       17 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 15 , characterized in that the central block ( 26 ,  32 ) has two vertical perforations ( 33  and  34 ).  
   
   
       18 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 15 , characterized on the one hand in that one of the ends of the central block ( 25 ) is placed against one surface of the central block ( 32 ) and on the other hand in that one of the ends of the central block ( 31 ) is placed against a surface of the central block ( 26 ).  
   
   
       19 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claims  15 ,  16  and  18 , characterized on the one hand in that the lateral element ( 30 ) assembled with the lining element ( 28 ) can be placed at one of their ends against an outer surface of the lining element ( 21 ) or can be placed against a surface of the central blocks ( 25  and  26 ), and on the other hand in that the lateral element ( 29 ) is placed at one of its ends against a surface of the central block ( 26 ).  
   
   
       20 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claims  15 ,  18  and  19 , characterized on the one hand in that the lateral element ( 23 ) assembled with the lining element ( 21 ) can be placed at one of their ends against a surface of the central blocks ( 31  and  32 ), or can be placed against the outer surface of the lining element ( 28 ), and on the other hand in that the lateral element ( 24 ) is placed at one of its ends against a surface of the central block ( 32 ).  
   
   
       21 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to claims  15 ,  18 ,  19  and  20 , characterized in that the lining element ( 27 ) can be placed at one of its ends against the inner surface of the lining element ( 22 ) or this lining element ( 22 ) can be placed at one of its ends against the inner surface of the lining element ( 27 ).  
   
   
       22 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claims 1  to  20 , characterized in that the central block ( 49 ) has, in its base and situated at the center, a groove ( 57 ) perpendicular to the block, with a profile identical to the profile of the lower groove and identical to the profile of the upper projection of the same block.  
   
   
       23 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 22 , characterized in that the central block ( 49 ) has three vertical perforations.  
   
   
       24 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 22 , characterized in that the lateral element ( 53 ), assembled with the central block ( 54 ), are separated from the lateral element ( 55 ), assembled with the central block ( 56 ), by a spacing equal to the thickness of the central block ( 46 ).  
   
   
       25 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claims 22  to  24 , characterized in that, on the one hand, one of the ends of the central block ( 45 ) is placed against a surface of the central block ( 49 ), and on the other hand one of the ends of the central block ( 46 ) is placed against the inner surface of the lining element ( 52 ).  
   
   
       26 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claims 22  to  25 , characterized in that, on the one hand, one of the ends of the lateral element ( 43 ) and lining element ( 41 ) can be placed against a surface of the central blocks ( 49  and  54 ) or can be placed against the outer surface of the lining element ( 50 ), and on the other hand one of the ends of the lateral element ( 44 ) and lining element ( 42 ) can be placed against one surface of the central blocks ( 49  and  56 ) or can be placed against the outer surface of the lining element ( 47 ).  
   
   
       27 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claims 22  to  26 , characterized in that, on the one hand, one of the ends of the lateral element ( 48 ) and lining element ( 47 ) can be placed against the outer surface of the lining element ( 42 ) or can be placed against a surface of the central blocks ( 45  and  46 ), and on the other hand one of the ends of the lateral element ( 51 ) and lining element ( 50 ) can be placed against the outer surface of the lining element ( 41 ) or can be placed against a surface of the central blocks ( 45  and  46 ).  
   
   
       28 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claims 22  to  27 , characterized in that the inner surfaces of the lateral elements ( 48  and  51 ) on their upper halves are placed respectively against a surface of the central blocks ( 56  and  54 ).  
   
   
       29 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claims 22  to  28 , characterized by an angled nesting of the central blocks ( 46  and  49 ) by means of grooves ( 57 ).  
   
   
       30 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that, on the one hand, the central blocks ( 72  and  77 ), and on the other hand the central blocks ( 62 ,  63 ,  68  and  69 ) are similar to each other.  
   
   
       31 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the lateral fits ( 91 ) resulting from the difference in length between the length of the lateral elements and that of the central block enable the insertion and the fixation of the element ( 90 ).  
   
   
       32 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that, on the one hand, the void ( 92 ) equal to the thickness of the lateral element, resulting from the separation between the element ( 90 ) and the lining element ( 94 ,  95 ), enables a vertical and horizontal ventilation, and on the other hand the void ( 93 ) equal to the thickness of the lateral element, resulting from the separation between the element ( 90 ) and the lining element ( 96 ), allows for passage of electricity, water or other distribution network conduits.  
   
   
       33 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to the preceding claims, characterized by the possibility of using different lengths of lining elements ( 101 ,  102 ,  103 ) and by the possibility of being able to stagger them horizontally ( 97 ) and/or vertically ( 105 ).  
   
   
       34 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, characterized in that the central block ( 12 ,  15 ) has, at its ends, an L-shaped vertical cross section, which can also be U-shaped, allowing on the one hand for fixation ( 16 ) of the central block to the lining elements ( 11 ,  14 ), and on the other hand because of the lateral fits resulting from the L or U-shaped cross sections it enables the insertion and fixation of an element similar to the element ( 90 ).  
   
   
       35 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 34 , characterized in that the lining element ( 11 ,  14 ) has twice the useful height of the useful height of the central block.  
   
   
       36 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 34 , characterized in that, on the one hand, the central block ( 12 ) is secured to the inner surface of the lining element ( 11 ) on its upper half and aligned with it above, and on the other hand the central block ( 15 ) is secured to the inner surface of the lining element ( 14 ) on its lower half and aligned with it below.  
   
   
       37 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 34 , characterized in that the groove of the lower lengthwise edge of the central block ( 12 ) engages with the tongue of the upper lengthwise edge of the central block ( 15 ) when the structural element ( 110   a ) is placed on top of the structural element ( 110   b ).  
   
   
       38 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 34 , characterized in that the central block ( 12 ,  15 ) is perforated vertically ( 13 ), and this perforation allows for the passage of the fixation element.  
   
   
       39 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 34 , characterized in that the vertical perforations ( 13 ) existing in the central blocks ( 12 ,  15 ) are vertically aligned when the central block ( 12 ) belonging to the structural element ( 110   a ) is placed on top of the central block ( 15 ) belonging to the structural element ( 110   b ).  
   
   
       40 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 34 , characterized in that the upper and lower lengthwise edges of the structural elements ( 110   a  and  110   b ) are aligned when the structural element ( 110   a ) is placed on top of the structural element ( 110   b ).  
   
   
       41 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 34 , characterized in that, on the one hand, the smallest surface of the central block ( 12 ) is placed against the inner surface of the lining element ( 14 ) on its upper half, and on the other hand the smallest surface of the central block ( 15 ) is placed against the inner surface of the lining element ( 11 ) on its lower half when the structural element ( 110   a ) is placed on top of the structural element ( 110   b ).  
   
   
       42 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists in arranging the first course of structural construction elements with the grooves situated at the lower lengthwise edges pointing downward, so that the grooves in the lower bases of the central blocks engage with the upper tongues of the support beams ( 104 ) and the lining elements are joined laterally by the grooves ( 97 ), arranging the grooves of the lower lengthwise edges of the structural elements of each upper course so that they engage with the tongues of the upper lengthwise edges of the structural elements of the underlying course, and the lining elements are joined laterally by the grooves ( 97 ), and arranging the connection and fixation elements ( 106 ) in the perforations of the central blocks, with the supplemental accessories, washers, bolts, connectors, or other.  
   
   
       43 . Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on these elements, according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the lining element ( 03 ,  06 ) can be made from a sheet derived from wood or other materials, which can be attached during the manufacturing, with more reduced dimensions, or after the assembly of the wall, for example, with a sheet of a single piece.