Method and device for high-capacity entrained flow gasifier

Abstract

A method and device for the gasification of pulverized fuels from solid fuels such as bituminous coals, lignite coals, and their cokes, petroleum cokes, coke from peat or biomass, in entrained flow, with an oxidizing medium containing free oxygen, by partial oxidation at pressures between atmospheric pressure and 80 bar, and at temperatures between 1,200 and 1,900° C., at high reactor capacities between 1,000 and 1,500 MW. The method uses the following steps: metering of the fuel, gasification reaction in a gasification reactor with cooled reaction chamber contour, quench-cooling, crude gas scrubbing, and partial condensation.

1 . A method for the gasification of pulverized fuels from solid fuels such as bituminous coals, lignite coals, and their cokes, petroleum cokes, coke from peat or biomass, in entrained flow, with an oxidizing medium containing free oxygen, comprising the following steps; 
 supplying a fuel with a water content <10 wt. % and a grain size <200 μm to multiple identically engaged metering systems that feed the fuel through transport pipes to multiple gasification burners located at a head of a reactor, said burners being symmetrically arranged and containing additional oxygen infeeds;    igniting said multiple burners with oxygen infeed in the head of the reactor by ignition and pilot burners;    determining quantities of the fuel and oxygen fed to the burners, and determining an overall total of all amounts of fuel and oxygen supplied to the burners,    regulating an oxygen ratio with a regulating mechanism that ensures that the oxygen ratio neither exceeds nor falls below a ratio of 0.35 to 0.65, regardless of the distribution of fuel and oxygen to the burners;    converting the fuel in the gasification reactor at temperatures between 1,200 and 1,900° C. and at pressures between atmospheric pressure and 80 bar, into a crude synthesis gas and slag;    cooling the crude gas at 1,200 to 1,900° C. and the slag down to a condensation point at temperatures between 180° C. and 240° C. in a quenching cooler by injecting water; and    feeding the cooled crude gas to further treatment stages.    
     
     
         2 . A method pursuant to  claim 1 , wherein there are three metering systems conducting fuel streams through transport pipes to three burners.  
     
     
         3 . A method pursuant to  claim 1 , wherein the fuel has a grain size of <100 μm.  
     
     
         4 . A method pursuant to  claim 1 , wherein the fuel has a water content of <2 wt. %.  
     
     
         5 . A method pursuant to  claim 1 , wherein the fuel is fed to the reactor in as a pulverized fuel-in-water slurry, with each burner having its own infeed system.  
     
     
         6 . A method pursuant to  claim 1 , wherein the fuel is fed to the reactor as a pulverized fuel-in-oil slurry, with each burner having its own infeed system.  
     
     
         7 . A method pursuant to  claim 1 , wherein more than one fuel is gasified at the same time.  
     
     
         8 . A method pursuant to  claim 1 , wherein a different fuel is gasified by each burner.  
     
     
         9 . A method pursuant to  claim 1 , wherein the fuel is fed through the burners pneumatically or as a slurry.  
     
     
         10 . A method pursuant to  claim 1 , further comprising the steps of partial cooling to temperatures between 700 and 1,100° C. and waste heat recovery by steam generation from the heat of the crude gas, following the step of converting.  
     
     
         11 . A device for the gasification of pulverized fuels from solid fuels such as bituminous coals, lignite coals, and their cokes, petroleum cokes, coke from peat or biomass, in entrained flow, with an oxidizing medium containing free oxygen, comprising: 
 a metering system for passing multiple streams of pulverized fuel, comprising a bunker connected to pressurized sluices that conduct the streams of pulverized fuel to metering tanks, and multiple transport lines running from the metering tanks;    a high-capacity reactor connected to the transport lines, said reactor having multiple gasification burners and an ignition and pilot burner symmetrically arranged at a head of the reactor;    a measuring system at the gasification burners to measure and regulate amounts of pulverized fuel and oxygen flowing in, with integral monitoring and regulation of overall total amounts of pulverized fuel and oxygen flowing to the reactor;    a quenching chamber connected to the reactor to cool crude gas and slag produced in the reactor;    a crude gas scrubber connected to the quenching chamber;    a cooler connected to the scrubber for performing a partial condensation.    
     
     
         12 . A device for the gasification of pulverized fuels from solid fuels such as bituminous coals, lignite coals, and their cokes, petroleum cokes, coke from peat or biomass, in entrained flow, with an oxidizing medium containing free oxygen, comprising: 
 a metering system for metering fuel through transport pipes;    a high-capacity reactor connected to the transport pipes, said reactor having 3 gasification burners and an ignition and pilot burner at a head of the reactor;    a system to measure and regulate amounts of pulverized fuel and oxygen flowing into the gasification burners with integral monitoring and regulation of overall total amounts of pulverized fuel and oxygen flowing to the reactor;    a quenching chamber connected to the reactor for partial cooling of the crude gas and slag produced in the reactor;    a waste heat boiler connected to the quenching chamber to recover steam with further cooling of crude gas and slag; and    a water scrubber and partial condenser connected to the waste heat boiler.    
     
     
         13 . A device pursuant to  claim 11 , wherein each gasification burner has its own associated metering system.  
     
     
         14 . A device pursuant to  claim 12 , wherein each gasification burner has its own associated metering system.