Ethoxylated surfactants for water in oil emulsions

Abstract

The invention relates to an emulsified water in oil composition using a novel additive surfactant package containing a PIBSA-derived surfactant with a molecular weight in the ranged about 300 to 3000 and in the range of about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the composition and an alkylamine ethoxylated surfactant in the range of about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the composition.

1 . An emulsified water in oil composition: comprising: 
 a) a fuel;    b) a water;    c) an additive surfactants package comprising 
 i) an alkylamine ethoxylate wherein the alkylamine ethoxylate is selected from the groups comprising tallow amine penta ethoxylate, tallow amine tetra ethoxylate, tallow amine hexa ethoxylate, tallow amine hepta ethoxylate, oleyl amine deca ethoxylate, oleyl amine undeca ethoxylate, oleyl amine nona ethoxylate, oleyl amine dodeca ethoxylate, tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-tallowalkyl-1,3-diaminopropane, oleyl amine penta ethoxylate, oleyl amine diethoxylate, stearyl alcohol penta ethoxylate, stearyl amine diethoxylate and combinations thereof, and  
 ii) a PIBSA-derived surfactant; and  
   d) optionally at least one of a functional amount of at least one water-soluble, oil-insoluble functional additive dissolved in the emulsified aqueous phase, and    wherein a fuel is in the range of about 50% to about 99% by weight of the composition; the water is in the range of about 1% to about 50% by weight of the composition; and the additive surfactant package is in the range of about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the composition, and    wherein the additive surfactant package is in the range of about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the water in oil composition.    
   
   
       2 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the additive surfactant package comprises: 
 (a) at least one of an alkylamine ethoxylated surfactant that is a mono- or a di-amine of the general formulae and combinations thereof:     R—N(E a H)—(CH 2 ) x —N(E b H)(E c H) or R—N(E a H)(E b H)   wherein R=, straight or branched chained alkyl group, C8 to C30, and saturated or unsaturated, containing either 0, or 1, or 2 or 3 double bonds,    wherein N=nitrogen atom,    wherein E is an ethoxylate group, —CH 2 —CH 2 —O—,    wherein x=1, 2, or 3, and    wherein a, b, c,=an integer from 0 to 20 such that a+b+c=any value between 1 and 20; and    (b) at least one of a PIB based material comprising: 
 (1) a PIBSA only;  
 (2) a PIB succinic acid;  
 (3) a PIB succinic acid-amine salt;  
 (4) a PIB succinic aminoalkylester or ester-acid or amine salt thereof;  
 (5) a succinimide or succinamide or amide-acid salt thereof derived by reacting PIBSA with an amine or poly amine;  
 (6) a succinic ester derived by reacting PIBSA with a polyol; or  
 (7) combinations thereof.  
   
   
   
       3 . The composition of  claim 2  wherein R is C10 to C24 and a+b+c=1 to 14 and wherein the water in oil composition is an emulsified water blended fuel and wherein the fuel is selected from the group comprising petroleum distillate fuel such as diesel, gasoline, fuel oil a mixture thereof; a fuel derived from vegetables, corn, alfalfa, rapeseed, soybeans, shale, coal or mixtures thereof; a biodegradable fuel; biodiesel; residual fuel; bitumen; alcohol; ether; ethanol; Fischer-Tropsch fuels: gas to liquids fuels and combinations thereof.  
   
   
       4 - 6 . (canceled)  
   
   
       7 . The composition on  claim 1  wherein the PIBSA-derived surfactant has a PIB chain of molecular weight in the range of about 200 to about 5000 and wherein the alkylamine ethoxylate is selected from the groups comprising tallow amine penta ethoxylate, oleyl amine deca ethoxylate, tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-tallowalkyl-1,3-diaminopropane and combinations thereof.  
   
   
       8 - 10 . (canceled)  
   
   
       11 . The composition of  claim 2  wherein the additive surfactant package is added to the following comprising: 
 a) a hydrocarbon;    b) a water;    c) optionally an antifreeze chemical; and    d) optionally an ammonium nitrate and    wherein the PIB succinic acid-amine salt is prepared by reacting the PIB succinic acid with either an alkyl amine primary, secondary, or tertiary) or an ethanolamine and/or ethoxylated amine and wherein the salt can be a fully neutralised or partially neutralised salt, and    wherein a PIB succinic aminoalkylester or ester-acid or amine salt thereof is Prepared by reacting the PIBSA or PIB succinic acid or ester thereof with a hydroxylamine or an alkanol amine like ethanolamine and/or ethoxylated amine and, wherein the salt can be a fully neutralised or partially neutralized salt.    
   
   
       12 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein surfactants are used in combination with the additive surfactant package but are not the additive surfactant package surfactants and include but are not limited to a) natural fats; b) ionics excluding the additive surfactant package c) co-surfactants; d) fatty acids and their amine salts; e) ethoxylate alcohols and f) combinations thereof.  
   
   
       13 . The composition of  claim 2  wherein surfactants are used in combination with the additive surfactant package but are not the additive surfactant package surfactants and include but are not limited to a) natural fats; b) ionics excluding the additive surfactant package c) co-surfactants; d) fatty acids and their amine salts; e) ethoxylate alcohols and f) combinations thereof.  
   
   
       14 - 17 . (canceled)  
   
   
       18 . A process for making a water in oil emulsion comprising emulsifying a fuel, a water, a PIBSA-derived surfactant and an alkylamine ethoxylated surfactant to form an water in oil emulsion and wherein the following components are added to the emulsification in combination with the additive surfactant package but are not the additive surfactant package surfactants and include but are not limited to a) natural fats: b) ionics excluding the additive surfactant package c) co-surfactants; d) fatty acids and their amine salts: e) ethoxylate alcohols and f) combinations thereof.  
   
   
       19 . A process to produce an emulsified water in oil composition from a concentrate comprising emulsifying a portion of a fuel, a portion to substantially all of a water, substantially all of the PIBSA-derived surfactant, substantially all of an alkylamine ethoxylated surfactant to form a concentrate emulsion; and then diluting the concentrated emulsion with the remaining portion of fuel and water at the time of use.  
   
   
       20 . The process of  claim 18  wherein an antifreeze chemical and an ammonium nitrate are added to the emulsification.  
   
   
       21 . (canceled)